Key Words Suffering & synonyms Salvation/born again Grace Glory Theme: Christian Conduct in a Hostile World Author: Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ (1:1), fellow elder, witness of the sufferings of Christ, partaker of the glory to be revealed (5:1) Place of Writing: Babylon (Rome) Date of writing: Before or just after the fire in Rome (AD 62-64 or AD 65) Holy Living in Light of Christ s Coming Christian Conduct & Suffering Stand Firm in the True Grace of God (5:12) Context of 1 Peter Purposes for writing 1. to testify of the true grace of God (5:12) 2. to exhort them to stand firm in it (5:12) Historical Setting of 1 Peter Distressed by various trials (1:6) Faith tested by fire (1;7), tested by the fiery ordeal among you (4:12) Slandered by Gentiles as evildoers (2:12), slandered & reviled (3:16), maligned (4:4), reviled (4:14) Sharing the sufferings of Christ (4:13), suffering (5:10), called to suffer (2:21), same experiences of suffering by your brethren in the world (5:9) 4:7 The end of all things is at hand 4:17 judgment begins with the household of God Religious References Zion, living stone(s), royal priesthood, spiritual sacrifices Recipients: the chosen, scattered through Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, & Bithynia (Jews and Gentiles who believe in Jesus)
Book Theme: Holy Living in Light of Christ s Coming / Christian Conduct & Suffering Stand Firm in the True Grace of God (5:12) Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Title Paragraph Divisions Major Subjects / Themes 1:1-12 Born Again to a Living Hope 1:13-25 Born Again through the Living Word INTRODUCTION (1:1-2) New Birth God s Grace and Salvation (1:1-2:10) Suffering & Salvation (1:1-12) Their Outlook on Trials Life of Holiness (1:13-22) How They Should Live The Christian s Birth the Work of God (1:3-25) Author: Peter, an Apostle of Jesus Christ, elder, partaker of future glory Date Written: Before or Just after the fire in Rome (AD 62-64 or AD 65) New People 2:1-3 The New Diet 2:4-10 The New Designation 2:11-25 The New Demeanor Unique Position (2:1-10) GOD S CHOSEN PEOPLE The Christian s Growth the Word of God (2:1-10) Recipients: Those Scattered thro Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia & Bithynia 3:1-12 The New Family 3:13-22 The New Purpose for Suffering God s Grace & Submission (2:11-3:12) Life of Submission (2:11-3:12) How They Should Live The Christian s Submission the Honor of God (2:11-3:12) Purposes for writing 1. to testify of the true grace of God (5:12) 2. to exhort them to stand firm in it (5:12) New Lifestyle (2:11-5:14) 4:1-11 Living for God 4:12-19 Suffering as a Christian God s Grace and Suffering (3:13-5:14) Suffering and Glory (3:13-5:11) Their Outlook on Trials 5:1-5 New Leaders 5:6-11 Spiritual Warfare 5:12-14 Final Words The Christian s Suffering The Hope of God (3:13-5:14) CONCLUSION (5:12-14) Key Words/Phrases: Suffering & synonyms, Salvation/born again, Grace, Glory Historical Setting: Undergoing trials, suffering, being maligned & reviled for good behavior & for being Christians
God 1 chosen according to the foreknowledge of God the Father 3 Blessed be the God & Father of our Lord Jesus Christ 3 according to His great mercy has caused us to be born again to a living hope 5 who are protected by the power of God through faith for a salvation ready to be revealed in the last time 15 the Holy One called you 16 "You shall be holy, for I am holy." 17 Father is the One who impartially judges according to each man's work 21 we are believers in God 21 raised Him from the dead & gave Him glory, that your faith & hope are in God 23 born again of imperishable seed, the living & abiding word of God 25 the word of the Lord abides forever Names: God (v1,3,5,23), Father (v3.17), The Holy One, the Lord His Character: Sovereign (v1), foreknows (v1), merciful (v3), powerful (v5,21), holy (v15-16), impartial (v17), living (v23), abiding (v23,25) His Deeds: Caused us to be born again (v3), Protects us for salvation (v5), Call us (v15), Judges impartially man s work (v17), Raised Jesus from the dead (v21), Gave Jesus glory (v21) Our Response: Bless Him (v3), Be holy (v16) The God Words in Chapter 1 Jesus 1 Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ 1-2 chosen that you may obey Jesus Christ & be sprinkled with His blood 3 God is the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ 3 the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead 7 at the revelation of Jesus Christ praise, glory & honor for those proven & tested 8 have not seen Him but love Him, & you do not see Him now, but believe in Him 10 the Spirit of Christ predicted the sufferings of Christ & the glories to follow 13 grace will be brought to you at the revelation of Jesus Christ 18 you were redeemed with the precious blood of Christ 20 He was foreknown before the foundation of the world 20 He has appeared in these last times for the sake of you 21 through Him you are believers in God 21 God raised Him from the dead & gave Him glory His Names: Jesus Christ (v1,2,3,7,13), our Lord Jesus Christ (v3), Christ (v10,18) The Facts: God is His Father (v3), His sufferings & glory (v10), He was foreknown (v20), He appeared (v20), He was resurrected from the dead (v3,21), you don t see Him now (v8), He will be revealed (v7,13) What He did for Us: redeemed us with His precious blood (v18), are believers in God through Him (v21) Our Response: to obey Him & be sprinkled with His blood (v2) Holy Spirit 1-2 chosen by the sanctifying work of the Spirit 11 the Spirit of Christ within the prophets predicted the sufferings of Christ & the glories to follow 12 those who preached the gospel to you by the Holy Spirit sent from heaven His Names: the Spirit (v2), the Spirit of Christ (v11), the Holy Spirit (v12) His Character: sovereign (v1-2), knows the future (v11), holy (v12), from heaven (v12) His Deeds: chooses (v1), sanctifies (v2), predicts (v11)
Salvation 1 who are chosen 2 according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, by the sanctifying work of the Spirit, that you may obey Jesus Christ and be sprinkled with His blood 3 Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who according to His great mercy has caused us to be born again to a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead, 5 who are protected by the power of God through faith for a salvation ready to be revealed in the last time 8 though you have not seen Him, you love Him, and though you do not see Him now, but believe in Him, you greatly rejoice with joy inexpressible and full of glory, 9 obtaining as the outcome of your faith the salvation of your souls. 10 As to this salvation, the prophets who prophesied of the grace that would come to you made careful search and inquiry, 11 seeking to know what person or time the Spirit of Christ within them was indicating as He predicted the sufferings of Christ and the glories to follow 18 knowing that you were not redeemed with perishable things like silver or gold from your futile way of life inherited from your forefathers, 19 but with precious blood, as of a lamb unblemished and spotless, the blood of Christ. 23 for you have been born again not of seed which is perishable but imperishable, that is, through the living and abiding word of God Past Tense Salvation (v3, 8,10,18, 23) - justification Present Tense Salvation (v1-2) Future Tense Salvation (v5,9) - glorification The Key Words in Chapter 1 Born Again 3 Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who according to His great mercy has caused us to be born again to a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead, 4 to obtain an inheritance which is imperishable and undefiled and will not fade away, reserved in heaven for you 5 who are protected by the power of God through faith for a salvation ready to be revealed in the last time. 22 Since you have in obedience to the truth purified your souls for a sincere love of the brethren, fervently love one another from the heart, 23 for you have been born again not of seed which is perishable but imperishable, that is, through the living and abiding word of God. Born again to a living hope (v3) Born again through imperishable seed (v23) How Through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead (v3) Through the living & abiding word of God (v23) In obedience to the truth (v22) Blessings Future: Obtain an imperishable, undefiled & unfading inheritance, reserved in heaven for you (v4) Present: protected by the power of God Faith/Believe(-rs) 5 who are protected by the power of God through faith for a salvation ready to be revealed in the last time 6 In this you greatly rejoice, even though now for a little while, if necessary, you have been distressed by various trials, 7 that the proof of your faith, being more precious than gold which is perishable, even though tested by fire, may be found to result in praise and glory and honor at the revelation of Jesus Christ; 8 and though you have not seen Him, you love Him, and though you do not see Him now, but believe in Him, you greatly rejoice with joy inexpressible and full of glory, 9 obtaining as the outcome of your faith the salvation of your souls 21 who through Him are believers in God, who raised Him from the dead and gave Him glory, so that your faith and hope are in God Facts Through Christ, your faith is in God (v21) You have not seen Him, but you love and believe in Him (v8) Your faith is tested by fire (v7) When proven, will result in praise, glory & honor when Christ is revealed (v7) Benefits and Blessings Protected by the power of God (v5) Great & inexpressible Joy Obtain the salvation of your souls (v9) Living 3 Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who according to His great mercy has caused us to be born again to a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead 23 for you have been born again not of seed which is perishable but imperishable, that is, through the living and abiding word of God Living Hope (v3) Living Word (v23)
Hope 3 Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who according to His great mercy has caused us to be born again to a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead 13 Therefore, gird your minds for action, keep sober in spirit, fix your hope completely on the grace to be brought to you at the revelation of Jesus Christ 21 who through Him are believers in God, who raised Him from the dead and gave Him glory, so that your faith and hope are in God What A living hope (v3) present and future Fix your hope completely on the grace to be brought to you at the revelation of Jesus Christ (v13) - Future Your hope is in God (v21) present and future Trials, Suffering / Joy 6 In this you greatly rejoice, even though now for a little while, if necessary, you have been distressed by various trials, 7 that the proof of your faith, being more precious than gold which is perishable, even though tested by fire, may be found to result in praise and glory and honor at the revelation of Jesus Christ 8 and though you have not seen Him, you love Him, and though you do not see Him now, but believe in Him, you greatly rejoice with joy inexpressible and full of glory, 9 obtaining as the outcome of your faith the salvation of your souls. Facts Have been distressed by various trials (v6) - present Your faith is tested by fire (v7) - present When proven, the proof of your faith will result in praise, glory & honor at the revelation of Jesus Christ (v7) future Attitude toward Trials great inexpressible joy (v6,8) The Key Words in Chapter 1 Glory 6 In this you greatly rejoice, even though now for a little while, if necessary, you have been distressed by various trials, 7 that the proof of your faith, being more precious than gold which is perishable, even though tested by fire, may be found to result in praise and glory and honor at the revelation of Jesus Christ; 8 and though you have not seen Him, you love Him, and though you do not see Him now, but believe in Him, you greatly rejoice with joy inexpressible and full of glory, 9 obtaining as the outcome of your faith the salvation of your souls. 10 As to this salvation, the prophets who prophesied of the grace that would come to you made careful search and inquiry, 11 seeking to know what person or time the Spirit of Christ within them was indicating as He predicted the sufferings of Christ and the glories to follow. 24 For, "All flesh is like grass, And all its glory like the flower of grass. The grass withers, And the flower falls off What Glory at the revelation of Jesus Christ (v7) - future You greatly rejoice with joy inexpressible & full of glory (v8) - present The Spirit of Christ predicted the sufferings of Christ & the glories to follow (v11) - past The glory of grass will fade & fall off, so will all flesh (v24) Revealed, Revelation 5 who are protected by the power of God through faith for a salvation ready to be revealed in the last time. 7 the proof of your faith, being more precious than gold which is perishable, even though tested by fire, may be found to result in praise and glory and honor at the revelation of Jesus Christ 12 It was revealed to them that they were not serving themselves, but you, in these things which now have been announced to you through those who preached the gospel to you by the Holy Spirit sent from heaven 13 Therefore, gird your minds for action, keep sober in spirit, fix your hope completely on the grace to be brought to you at the revelation of Jesus Christ. 20 For He was foreknown before the foundation of the world, but has appeared in these last times for the sake of you When: Salvation for Saints in the last time (v5) What: It was revealed to the prophets that they served you (v12) Christ has appeared in these last times for you (v20) Fix your hope completely on the grace to be brought to you at the revelation of Jesus Christ (v13) Praise, glory & honor at the revelation of Jesus Christ for proven saints (v7)
1 to those who reside as aliens, scattered throughout Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, & Bithynia, who are chosen 2 according to God s foreknowledge, by the Spirit s sanctifying work, that you may obey Jesus Christ & be sprinkled with His blood 3 the God & Father of our Lord Jesus Christ has caused us to be born again to a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead 4 to obtain an inheritance imperishable & undefiled & will not fade away, reserved in heaven for you 5 who are protected by the power of God through faith for a salvation ready to be revealed in the last time 6 you greatly rejoice, even though now for a little while, if necessary, you have been distressed by various trials 7 that the proof of your faith, being more precious than gold which is perishable, though tested by fire, may result in praise & glory & honor at the revelation of Jesus Christ 8 though you have not seen Him, you love Him, & though you do not see Him now, but believe in Him, you greatly rejoice with joy inexpressible & full of glory The Recipients 9 obtaining as the outcome of your faith the salvation of your souls 10 As to this salvation, the prophets who prophesied of the grace that would come to you 12 they were serving you, in these things which now have been announced to you through those who preached the gospel to you by the Holy Spirit 14 As obedient children, do not be conformed to the former lusts which were yours in your ignorance 15 the Holy One who called you 17you address as Father the One who impartially judges 18 know that you were not redeemed with perishable things from your futile way of life inherited from your forefathers 19 but with precious blood of Christ 20 He appeared in these last times for the sake of you 21 who through Him are believers in God / your faith and hope are in God 22 Since you have in obedience to the truth purified your souls for a sincere love of the brethren 23 you have been born again not of seed which is perishable but imperishable, that is, through the living and abiding word of God 25 this is the word which was preached to you Titling 1 Peter 1 Major Topic is Salvation Our God-Wrought Salvation Salvation: Its Nature (v1-9) Salvation: Its Revelation (v10-12) Salvation: Its Practical Outworkings (v13-25) The Preparation (v13-16) The Price (v17-21) The Practice (v22-25) Chosen for the New Birth (1 Peter 1) 1:1-12 Born Again to a Living Hope Verses 1-2 Salutations Verses 3-5 The Future Inheritance Verses 6-9 The Present Joy Verses 10-12 The Past Revelation 1:13-25 Born Again through the Living Word Verses 13-21 Holiness of Life Verses 22-25 Love of the Brethren
Petros, 162x, Peter = "a rock or a stone" 1) one of the twelve disciples of Jesus 1:1 Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, Apostolos, 81x, 1) a delegate, messenger, one sent forth with orders 1a) specifically applied to the twelve apostles of Christ 1b) in a broader sense applied to other eminent Christian teachers 1b1) of Barnabas 1b2) of Timothy and Silvanus to those who reside as aliens, Parepidemos, adj, 3x, 1) one who comes from a foreign country into a city or land to reside there by the side of the natives 2) a stranger 3) sojourning in a strange place, a foreigner 4) in the NT metaph. in reference to heaven as the native country, one who sojourns on earth Diaspora, 3x, 1) a scattering, dispersion 1a) of Israelites dispersed among foreign nations 1b) of the Christians scattered abroad among the Gentiles scattered throughout Pontus, Eklektos, adj, 23x, 1) picked out, chosen 1a) chosen by God, 1a1) to obtain salvation through Christ 1a1a) Christians are called "chosen or elect" of God 1a2) the Messiah in called "elect", as appointed by God to the most exalted office conceivable 1a3) choice, select, i.e. the best of its kind or class, excellence preeminent: applied to certain individual Christians who are chosen Pontos, of Latin origin, 2x, Pontus = "the sea" 1) a region of eastern Asia Minor, bounded by the Euxine Sea, Armenia, Cappadocia, Galatia, Paphlagonia Galatia, of foreign origin, 4x, Galatia = "land of Galatia, the Galli, Gauls" 1) the Roman province of Galatia my be roughly described as the central region of the peninsula of Asia Minor, bounded on the north by Bithynia and Paphlagonia; on the east by Pontus; on the south by Cappadocia and Lycaonia; on the west by Phrygia Cappadocia, Kappadokia, of foreign origin, 2x, Cappadocia = "province of good horses" 1) a region in Asia Minor, bounded under the Roman empire on the north by Pontus, on the east by Armenia Minor, on the south by Cilicia and Commagene, on the west by Lycaonia and Galatia Asia, and Bithynia, Asia, of uncertain derivation, 19x, Asia = "orient" 1) Asia proper or proconsular Asia embracing Mysia, Lydia, Phrygia, and Caria, corresponding closely to Turkey today Bithunia, of uncertain derivation, 2x, Bithynia = "a violent rushing" 1) a Roman province in Asia Minor, bounded by the Euxine Sea, the Propontis, Mysia, Phrygia, Galatia, Paphlagonia
1:2 according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, Charis, 156x, 1) grace 1a) that which affords joy, pleasure, delight, sweetness, charm, loveliness: grace of speech 2) good will, lovingkindness, favour 2a) of the merciful kindness by which God, exerting his holy influence upon souls, turns them to Christ, keeps, strengthens, increases them in Christian faith, knowledge, affection, and kindles them to the exercise of the Christian virtues 3) what is due to grace 3a) the spiritual condition of one governed by the power of divine grace 3b) the token or proof of grace, benefit 3b1) a gift of grace 3b2) benefit, bounty 4) thanks, (for benefits, services, favours), recompense, reward May grace and by the sanctifying work of the Spirit, that requirements of Christianity you may obey Jesus Christ and peace be yours in fullest measure. Plethuno, aor pass opt, 12x, 1) to increase, to multiply 1a) to be increased, (be multiplied) multiply 2) to be increased, to multiply Prognosis, 2x, 1) foreknowledge 2) forethought, pre-arrangement Hagiasmos, 10x, 1) consecration, purification 2) the effect of consecration 2a) sanctification of heart and life / (1) as the process of making holy dedicating sanctifying; (a) as the operation of the Spirit making holy, causing to belong completely to God, sanctifying work (1P 1.2); (b) as the careful moral behavior that expresses one's dedication to God pure way of life, upright behavior, holy living (1TH.3, 4, 7); (2) as the moral goal of the purifying process holiness, right behavior (RO 6.22) Hupakoe, 15x, 1) obedience, compliance, submission 2) obedience rendered to anyone's counsels, an obedience shown in observing the Rhantismos, 2x, 1) a sprinkling (purification) 1a) blood of sprinkling 1a1) i.e. appointed for sprinkling (serving to purify) be sprinkled with His blood: Eirene, 92x, 1) a state of national tranquillity 1a) exemption from the rage and havoc of war 2) peace between individuals, i.e. harmony, concord 3) security, safety, prosperity, felicity, (because peace and harmony make and keep things safe and prosperous) 4) of the Messiah's peace 4a) the way that leads to peace (salvation) 5) of Christianity, the tranquil state of a soul assured of its salvation through Christ, and so fearing nothing from God and content with its earthly lot, of whatsoever sort that is 6) the blessed state of devout and upright men after death
Aliens (1:1) Scattered (1:1) The Dispersion Living as Aliens those who reside as aliens (1:1; 2:11),parepi,dhmoj parepidemos, adj AV 3x 1) one who comes from a foreign country into a city or land to reside there by the side of the natives 2) a stranger 3) sojourning in a strange place, a foreigner 4) in the NT metaph. in reference to heaven as the native country, one who sojourns on earth / of one who stays for awhile as an alien in a place sojourning, staying; substantivally temporary resident, sojourner, stranger; figuratively, of Christians as not counting this earth as their home (1P 1.1) Hebrews 11:13 All these died in faith, without receiving the promises, but having seen them and having welcomed them from a distance, and having confessed that they were strangers and exiles on the earth. 1 Peter 2:11 Beloved, I urge you as aliens and strangers to abstain from fleshly lusts, which wage war against the soul. scattered (1:1), diaspora, diaspora AV 3x 1) a scattering, dispersion 1a) of Israelites dispersed among foreign nations 1b) of the Christians scattered abroad among the Gentiles / strictly scattering, as of seed, sowing; hence (1) of persons dispersion; in the NT the portion of the Jews living outside Palestine Dispersion (JN 7.35); (2) of place, regions where scattered people are living; transliterated into English as Diaspora (JA 1.1) John 7:35 The Jews therefore said to one another, Where does this man intend to go that we shall not find Him? He is not intending to go to the Dispersion among the Greeks, and teach the Greeks, is He? James 1:1 James, a bond-servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ, to the twelve tribes who are dispersed abroad, greetings. The Jews of the, or simply THE DISPERSION, was the general title applied to those Jews who remained settled in foreign countries after the return from the Babylonian exile, and during the period of the second temple. At the beginning of the Christian era the Dispersion was divided into three great sections, the Babylonian, the Syrian, the Egyptian. From Babylon the Jews spread throughout Persia, Media and Parthia. Large settlements of Jews were established in Cyprus, in the islands of the Aegean, and on the western coast of Asia Minor. Jewish settlements were also established at Alexandria by Alexander and Ptolemy I. The Jewish settlements in Rome, were consequent upon the occupation of Jerusalem by Pompey, B.C. 63. The influence of the Dispersion on the rapid promulgation of Christianity can scarcely be overrated. The course of the apostolic preaching followed in a regular progress the line of Jewish settlements. The mixed assembly from which the first converts were gathered on the day of Pentecost represented each division of the Dispersion (Acts 2:9-11). (1) Parthians... Mesopotamia; (2) Judea (i.e. Syria)... Pamphylia; (3) Egypt... Greece; (4) Romans..., and these converts naturally prepared the way for the apostles in the interval which preceded the beginning of the separate apostolic missions. St. James and St. Peter wrote to the Jews of the Dispersion (James 1:1; 1Pet 1:1) (Smith s Discionary) Philippians 3:20 20 For our citizenship is in heaven, from which also we eagerly wait for a Savior, the Lord Jesus Christ; 21 who will transform the body of our humble state into conformity with the body of His glory, by the exertion of the power that He has even to subject all things to Himself. 1 Peter 2:11 Beloved, I urge you as aliens and strangers to abstain from fleshly lusts, which wage war against the soul. The transliteration of the Greek word for aliens is paroikos, and strangers is parepidemos.
1. Believers a. Jews (Matt 22:1-14) b. Gentiles (Lk 14:16-24; Tit 1:1,12) c. Jews & Gentiles (Mt 24:22,24,31; Mk 13:20, 22,27; Col 3:12; 1 Pet 1:1-2; Rev 17:14) d. future believers - Jew & Gentile (2 Tim 2:10) Mt 22:1-14 Lk 14:16-24 Israel ariston =1 st meal, breakfast Who? 2. Christ (Lk 23:35; 1Pet 2:4,6) 3. angels (1 Tim 5:21) What Does the Bible Say about the Elect? Gentile nations deipnon =best meal, dinner How Chosen? 1 Peter 1:1-2 v1 who are chosen v2 according to the foreknowledge of God by the sanctifying work of the Spirit Why Chosen? 1 Peter 1:2 that you may obey Jesus Christ & be sprinkled with His blood 1 Peter 2:9 that you may proclaim the excellencies of Him who has called you out of darkness into His marvelous light What? 1. beware of false prophets & false teachers (Mt 24:22) 2. put on a heart of compassion, kindness, humility, gentleness & patience (Col 3:12) 3. maintain these principles without bias (1Tim 5:21) 4. do nothing in a spirit of partiality (1 Tim 5:21) 5. endure all things for the sake of those who are chosen (2 Tim 2:10) 6. obey Jesus Christ (1 Pet 1:2) 7. be sprinkled with His blood (1 Pet 1:2) 8. proclaim God s excellencies (1 Pet 2:9) Conclusions Conclusions 1. The elect in the NT refers to only three categories of people Jesus, angels and believers. 2. The elect in the Olivet Discourse does not necessarily refer to the Jews only (i.e. it is not an exclusive term). According to the context, it refers to both Jewish & Gentile believers. 3. Use the clear teachings of scriptures to interpret what is obscure / unclear (i.e. interpret scripture with scripture).
Definitions & Usage foreknowledge (1:2), pro,gnwsij prognosis AV 2x 1) foreknowledge 2) forethought, pre-arrangement / advance knowledge, foreknowledge, what is known ahead of time Vine s Dictionary - a foreknowledge (akin to A.), is used only of Divine foreknowledge, Acts 2:23, 1Pet 1:2. Foreknowledge is one aspect of omniscience; it is implied in God s warnings, promises and predictions. See Acts 15:18. God s foreknowledge involves His electing grace, but this does not preclude human will. He foreknows the exercise of faith which brings salvation. The Apostle Paul stresses especially the actual purposes of God rather than the ground of the purposes, see, e.g., Gala 1:16, Ephe 1:5,11. The Divine counsels will ever be unthwartable. Acts 2:22-23 - Jesus the Nazarene, a man attested to you by God with miracles and wonders and signs, delivered up by the predetermined plan and foreknowledge of God, you nailed to a cross by the hands of godless men and put Him to death The Foreknowledge of God (1 Peter 1:2) Proginosko Acts 26:4-5 of the Jews knowing Paul s former manner of life as a Pharisee Rom 8:29-30 of God foreknowing the elect / those He foreknew, He predetermined to become conformed to Christ s image; those He predestined, these He called & justified & glorified Rom 11:2 - God has not rejected His people whom He foreknew 1 Pet 1:20-21 Christ was foreknown before the foundation of the world, but has appeared in these last times for the sake of you 2 Pet 3:17-18 of believers knowing before about the distorting of Scripture,, thus warned to be on your guard lest, you fall from your own steadfastness, but grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ Spiros Zhodiates proginosko; from pro (4253), before, and ginosko (1097), to know. To perceive proginosko; from pro (4253), before, and ginosko (1097), to know. To perceive or recognize beforehand, know previously, take into account or specially consider beforehand, to grant prior acknowledgement or recognition to someone, to foreknow. (I) Used of mere prescience, to know before (Acts 26:5; 2 Pet. 3:17). (II) Used of God s eternal counsel it includes all that He has considered and purposed to do prior to human history. In the language of Scripture, something foreknown is not simply that which God was aware of prior to a certain point. Rather, it is presented as that which God gave prior consent to, that which received His favorable or special recognition. Hence, this term is reserved for those matters which God favorably, deliberately and freely chose and ordained. (A) Used of persons, to foreknow with approbation, to foreapprove or make a previous choice of, as special people (Rom. 8:29; 11:2). (B) Used of events, to previously decide or plan, to foreknow for God is to foreordain. 1 Pet. 1:19, 20 presents Christ as the Lamb of God foreknown God had planned and determined in His eternal counsel to provide His Son as a sacrifice for His people. Certainly more is meant than that God knew ahead of time that Christ would come and die. God s foreknowledge is given here as the cause for His Son s sacrifice - because He planned and decreed it. (C) In Rom. 8:29, in relation to believers, proginosko occurs with the verb proorise, aor. act. indic. of proorizo (4309), to predestinate. Fore-knowledge and foreordination are logically coordinate. The former emphasizes the exercise of God s wisdom and intelligence in regard to His eternal purpose and the latter emphasizes the exercise of God s will in regard to it. What He has decreed is what He has decided. This foreknowledge and foreordination in the Scripture are always unto salvation and not unto perdition. Therefore, it should be said that the Lord never foreordains someone to be lost. Rather, He foreordains unto salvation those whom He specially considered and chose in eternity past (see Matt. 7:23; John 10:14; Rom. 11:2; 1 Cor. 8:3; Gal. 4:9; 2 Tim. 2:19; Sept.: Hos. 13:5; Amos 3:2). Any thought of the lost being appointed or ordained unto condemnation should be understood as an act of passing over in which the lost are permitted to suffer the consequences of their choice of sin (1 Pet. 2:8). The salvation of every believer is known and determined in the mind of God before its realization in time. Thus, proginosko corresponds with the idea of having been chosen (eklegomai [1586], to choose) before the foundation of the world mentioned in Eph. 1:4 and logically precedes the action indicated by proorizo. Proginosko essentially entails a gracious self-determination of God s part from eternity to extend fellowship with Himself to undeserving sinners (Rom. 8:29).
The Sanctifying Work of the Spirit (1:2) The Sanctifying work of the Spirit (1:2), hagiasmos AV 10x 1) consecration, purification 2) the effect of consecration 2a) sanctification of heart and life / (1) as the process of making holy dedicating, sanctifying; (a) as the operation of the Spirit making holy, causing to belong completely to God, sanctifying work (1P 1.2); (b) as the careful moral behavior that expresses one s dedication to God pure way of life, upright behavior, holy living (1TH 4.3, 4, 7),; (2) as the moral goal of the purifying process holiness, right behavior (RO 6.22) Rom 6:15-23 slaves of sin but now slaves of righteousness & enslaved to God, fruit sanctification 1Cor 1:30 Christ our wisdom from God, righteousness, sanctification & redemption, 1Thess 4:3-8 God s Will is your sanctification 2Thess 2:13 chosen for salvation by sanctification in the Spirit & faith in the truth 1Tim 2:15 - continue in faith and love & sanctity with self-restraint Heb 12:14 - without sanctification no one will see the Lord Vine s - HAGIASMOS (agiasmoj), sanctification, is used of (a) separation to God, 1Cor 1:30, 2The 2:13, 1Pet 1:2; (b) the course of life befitting those so separated, 1The 4:3,4, 7, Roma 6:19,22, 1Tim 2:15, Hebr 12:14. Sanctification is that relationship with God into which men enter by faith in Christ, Acts 26:18, 1Cor 6:11 and to which their sole title is the death of Christ, Ephe 5:25,26, Colo 1:22, Hebr 10:10,29, 13:12. Sanctification is also used in N.T. of the separation of the believer from evil things and ways. This sanctification is God s will for the believer, 1The 4:3; and His purpose in calling him by the gospel, 1The 4:7; it must be learned from God, 1The 4:4; as He teaches it by His Word, John 17:17, 19; cp. Psal 17:4, 119:9; and it must be pursued by the believer, earnestly and undeviatingly, 1Tim 2:15, Hebr 12:14. For the holy character, hagiôsunê, 1The 3:13, is not vicarious, i.e., it cannot be transferred or imputed, it is an individual possession, built up, little by little, as the result of obedience to the Word of God, and of following the example of Christ, Matt 11:29, John 13:15, Ephe 4:20, Phil 2:5; in the power of the Holy Spirit, Roma 8:13, Ephe 3:16. The Holy Spirit is the Agent in sanctification, Roma 15:16, 2The 2:13, 1Pet 1:2 cp. 1Cor 6:11. The sanctification of the Spirit is associated with the choice, or election, of God; it is a Divine act preceding the acceptance of the Gospel by the individual. Easton - Sanctification involves more than a mere moral reformation of character, brought about by the power of the truth: it is the work of the Holy Spirit bringing the whole nature more and more under the influences of the new gracious principles implanted in the soul in regeneration. In other words, sanctification is the carrying on to perfection the work begun in regeneration, and it extends to the whole man (Ro 6:13 2Co 4:6 Col 3:10 1Jo 4:7 1Co 6:19) It is the special office of the Holy Spirit in the plan of redemption to carry on this work (1Co 6:11 2Th 2:13) Faith is instrumental in securing sanctification, inasmuch as it (1 secures union to Christ (Ga 2:20) and (2 brings the believer into living contact with the truth, whereby he is led to yield obedience to the commands, trembling at the threatenings, and embracing the promises of God for this life and that which is to come. Perfect sanctification is not attainable in this life (1Ki 8:46 Pr 20:9 Ec 7:20 Jas 3:2 1Jo 1:8) See Paul s account of himself in (Ro 7:14-25 Php 3:12-14 ) and (1Ti 1:15 ) also the confessions of David (Ps 19:12,13 51:1 ) of Moses (Ps 90:8) of Job (Job 42:5,6) and of Daniel (Da 9:3-20) The more holy a man is, the more humble, self-renouncing, self-abhorring, and the more sensitive to every sin he becomes, and the more closely he clings to Christ. The moral imperfections which cling to him he feels to be sins, which he laments and strives to overcome. Believers find that their life is a constant warfare, and they need to take the kingdom of heaven by storm, and watch while they pray. They are always subject to the constant chastisement of their Father s loving hand, which can only be designed to correct their imperfections and to confirm their graces. And it has been notoriously the fact that the best Christians have been those who have been the least prone to claim the attainment of perfection for themselves. Hodge s Outlines. The Purpose of your Salvation (1:2) That you may obey Jesus Christ (1:2,14,22), u`pakoh, hupakoe AV 15x 1) obedience, compliance, submission 2) obedience rendered to anyone s counsels, an obedience shown in observing the requirements of Christianity / (1) obedience, submission, compliance (RO 16.19), opposite parakoh, (disobedience); (2) favorable hearing, compliance with a request (PM 21) Rom 1:1-7 - we have received grace and apostleship to bring about the obedience of faith among all the Gentiles, for His name s sake Rom 5:18-19 - through the obedience of the One the many will be made righteous. Rom 6:16-17 - though you were slaves of sin, you became obedient from the heart to that form of teaching to which you were committed, & you became slaves of righteousness Rom 15:18-19 Christ brought about the obedience of the Gentiles by word & deed thro Paul s preaching Rom 16:19 - your obedience has reached to all Rom 16:25-27 the gospel is to lead to obedience of faith 2Cor 7:15 - Titus remembers the obedience of you all 2Cor 10:3-6 - We take every thought captive to the obedience of Christ Phm 1:21 Philemon s obedience gives Paul confidence to write knowing that he will do even more than what he says Heb 5:8 - Although He was a Son, He learned obedience from the things which He suffered 1Pet 1:14-16 - As obedient children, do not be conformed to the former lusts but be holy, for God is holy 1Pet 1:22-23 in obedience to the truth, your souls were purified for a sincere love of the brethren, thus fervently love one another from the heart The Privilege of Your Salvation (1:2) sprinkled (1:2), rhantismos AV 2x 1) a sprinkling (purification) 1a) blood of sprinkling 1a1) i.e. appointed for sprinkling (serving to purify) / as ritual purifying sprinkling; figuratively, of Jesus atoning sacrifice ai-ma r`antismou/ blood that is sprinkled to take away sin (HE 12.24) Heb 12:22-24 you ve come to Mount Zion & God, & Jesus, the mediator of a new covenant, & to the sprinkled blood, which speaks better than the blood of Abel. This privilege belongs only to those who are truly born again (1 Jn 1:6-10)