Dr. Mark Yarbrough and Instructional Team (email: myarbrough@dts.edu ) BE106OL Office: Todd, ADO, Suite 112D; phone (214) 874-3460 Acts & Pauline Epistles Dallas Theological Seminary Fall 2014 I. COURSE DESCRIPTION ACTS AND PAULINE EPISTLES SYLLABUS An exposition of Acts and 10 of the Pauline Epistles (all except Romans, Ephesians, and Philippians) with emphasis on the biblical theology of these books, their genre, and application. Prerequisite or Co-requisite: BE101 Bible Study Methods and Hermeneutics, and BE105 The Gospels. 3 hours. II. COURSE OBJECTIVES You should be able to do the following at the end of this course: Recall the contents of the books studied well enough to discuss them intelligently with other people. Explain the meaning of the passages studied well enough to expound them to an adult audience. Evaluate the interpretations of others well enough to distinguish truth from error. Discern the relative importance of what these books teach well enough to emphasize more what is more important and to emphasize less what is less important in your expository ministry. Apply the passages studied well enough to experience personal spiritual growth. Appreciate the Word of God and the God of the Word well enough to serve the Lord out of heartfelt love for Him. III. COURSE TEXTBOOKS A. Required The Holy Bible. I will be using the NASB primarily, but you may use any English translation. Constable, Thomas L. Notes on Acts through Philemon. These notes are available in the course files. They are also available online at www.soniclight.com. B. Suggested Carson, Donald A. New Testament Commentary Survey. 5th ed. Grand Rapids and Leicester, England: Baker Book House and InterVarsity Press, 2001.
YARBROUGH, 2 Glynn, John. Commentary and Reference Guide. Grand Rapids: Kregel Publications, 2003. Rosscup, Jim. Commentaries for Biblical Expositors. Sun Valley, Calif.: Grace Book Shack, 1993. Zuck, Roy B., and Darrell L. Bock, eds., A Biblical Theology of the New Testament. Chicago: Moody Press, 1994. IV. COURSE REQUIREMENTS A. Reading Assignments Bible Reading. The purpose of this requirement is to give you exposure to divine revelation. Read each of the Bible books covered in this course in its entirety according to the course schedule. You check off the reading in each module using the reporting quiz if completed on time. In all Bible Exposition courses, reading the Bible is very important. Course Notes Reading. The purpose of this requirement is to give you exposition of the divine revelation. The course notes will help you understand the Bible books. Read the course notes (2010 edition) required for this class, excluding the bibliographies, along with your Bible reading. You will get the most help from the notes if you first read a paragraph in the Bible and then read the notes on that passage. You check off the reading in each module to report your completion. All reading of the Bible and course notes is to be done before viewing module videos. Therefore, it is advised to work ahead as much as possible. For each module, all reading of the Bible and course notes must be done by the due date in order to receive any credit for that module. Thus, no credit will be given for module reading completed after the due date. B. Class Videos and Module Introductions The purpose of class videos is to reinforce the Bible and course note reading. The student is required to view 50% of each module s total video time by the module due deadline. For example, if the total video time for Module 5 is 1 hour, 35 minutes, the student is required to watch 48 minutes of videos for module 5 by the due date posted in module 5. You have the choice of what videos you watch for each module. Additionally, students are required to watch each module introduction video, which is often posted the day a module begins. These videos contain important course information (due date extensions, assignment helps, etc.) that students need to know.
YARBROUGH, 3 For each module, all video viewing must be done by the due date in order to receive any credit for that module. Thus, no credit will be given for module video viewing completed after the due date. C. Written Assignments The purpose of this requirement is to get you involved in exploration of the divine revelation. You must do a total of three papers: two research papers (5 7 pages each) and a Galatians Bible argument paper (10 15 pages). Research Papers. Two research papers will be required for this course. All papers must be submitted in proper (i.e., Turabian) form using a normal 12 pt. font. The student handbook states Course papers must conform as nearly as possible to thesis style as presented in the latest edition of A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations by Kate L. Turabian and to any additional instructions authorized by the faculty. Also, please obtain the DTS Supplement to Turabian or the Resource CD from the book center for specific instructions that apply to papers done here at DTS. The student should be aware that he/she is responsible for obtaining and knowing these instructions and that the grade will be reduced for failure to comply. Students are strongly encouraged to use the paper template provided in the course files. All papers must have at least six (6) valid sources in an attached bibliography. For research-type papers, state the claim or thesis clearly in your introduction by including a one-sentence claim/thesis statement in your first paragraph that depicts the direction of the paper. Be sure to defend any position you take. Write a good, brief conclusion. Always note the sources you use, not just those from whom you quote. Although content will be viewed as the primary component, clarity, neatness, accuracy, and spelling will affect the grade. Each research paper should be 5 7 pages in length (the argument paper will be longer). All papers will be graded according to the grading rubric located in the course files. Students often ask for numerous comments on their papers. Please notice that this grading sheet enables numerous comments to be made by carefully noting in which areas improvements could be made. Research papers must be chosen from the following topics: Paul s Encounter in Athens (Acts 17) Baptism in the Book of Acts Persecution in the Book of Acts Paul s Teaching on Divorce and Remarriage Imminency of Christ s Return in Paul s Letters Church Discipline from a Biblical, Historical, and Theological Perspective
YARBROUGH, 4 Unity and Division in Paul s Epistles The Nature and Use of the Lord s Supper in the Church The Use of Spiritual and Sign Gifts in Paul s Epistles Paul s Nature and Use of Christology in Paul s Epistles The Nature and Qualities of Church Leaders in Paul s Epistles Choose a topic of interest to you relevant to this course and have it approved by the GTA before you write on it. (This paper cannot be the same topic as one done for another class or in the interactions for this course.) Argument Paper. You will write a book argument for Galatians. The Bible Exposition department has set as a goal that students in BE106 will be able to write an argument of a Bible book. To begin, you need to develop an outline (original or otherwise, as your professor will specify) for the Bible book that you (or the professor) select(s). The length of the book will determine the amount of detail that you should include in the outline. The longer the book, the less detail is required. It is not necessary to present the outline separately from the argument; the argument must incorporate the outline, as illustrated below. Writing the argument itself is the crux of this assignment. Under each point of the outline you need to explain what the writer said and why he said it. (A synthesis, in contrast, only summarizes content, but an argument also explains why it is there.) An argument, therefore, is not a summary of the contents of a book, nor a detailed outline, nor a sermon, nor a list of assorted applications, but an explanation of how the contents of the book relate to its purpose. You will seek to trace the development of the author s thought through the book. Therefore, you will also need to determine the purpose of the book. Ask yourself, Why was this book written? You can determine a book s purpose by noting such clues as the historical context, the occasion of the book, its emphases, the peculiarities of the book, etc. Sometimes a writer will state the purpose of his book openly (e.g., John 20:30-31), but usually you will have to discover the purpose. Here is an illustration of how to incorporate your outline of the book into your argument. The promotion of the project 1:1-15 (Give an overview of this section of the text and explain why the author wrote it.) a. The rebuke 1:1-11 Explain how the author challenges his readers, who he addressed, and why this paragraph was included. b. The response 1:12-15 Etc.
YARBROUGH, 5 You should also include at the beginning of your paper a brief statement or discussion of such introductory matters as authorship, date, recipients, occasion, etc., especially as these relate to the setting and purpose of the book. Include also a statement of the message of the book. The message is a summary statement (usually one sentence) that should contain the main subject with which the book deals, and a complement (what the author said about the main subject). For example, one might conclude that the subject of John s Gospel is Jesus. The complement might be that (He) is the Son of God. Also please include a summary paragraph to review the contents of your paper. Be sure to include footnotes and a bibliography. Outside reading does not stifle originality but encourages it. An argument is much more difficult than a synthesis and therefore takes more thought and time. Please plan ahead, study the book section by section, and meditate on it. Constantly ask, Why is this section of the text here? The book assigned for BE106OL is Galatians. The length is expected to be 10 15 pages (please no more than 15 pages). Students are strongly encouraged to consult the sample arguments provided in the course files. Interactions There will be two interactions in which you will post a response to a discussion question. You will also then respond to posts made by your classmates. This time of guided discussion is designed to enhance your learning and develop a relationship of community with your classmates. You are expected to post well-written and thoughtful response to the question/issue at hand. Likewise, you are expected to reply to at least three classmates with thoughtful responses, comments, constructive criticism, etc. (Simply, writing, Great post, or asking questions does not constitute a thoughtful response.) D. Final Exam The purpose of this requirement is to evaluate your comprehension of the divine revelation. You must take the final exam online within the time window that it will be available. Do not discuss the questions on the final exam with anyone who has already taken the exam or with anyone who has not yet taken it. You will be asked to affirm that you have not done so and will not do so when you take the final exam. The Student Handbook allows exceptions for exams only for illness or other personal emergencies, not for weddings, mission trips, ministry commitments, or other events. Special final exams must be completed early unless approval is obtained through the extension
YARBROUGH, 6 procedure in the Registrar s Office. See the Student Handbook for late exam and course extension policies. A review sheet for the final exam is available in the course files. V. COURSE POLICIES A. Weight Given to Course Requirements for Grading The amount of credit that each of the above assignments is worth is as follows. Bible Reading 10% Course Note Reading 10% Video Viewing 10% Final Exam 10% Interactions 5% each (for a total of 10%) Research Papers 15% each (for a total of 30%) Galatians Argument 20% B. Late Assignments Papers submitted after a due date will be penalized 2 points for each day late. No credit will be given for late interactions, Bible reading, note reading, or video viewing. No credit will be given for the late submission of the Galatians argument unless prior arrangements are made with the Professor or GTA. C. Letter/Numerical Grade Scale A+ 99-100 B+ 91-93 C+ 83-85 D+ 75-77 F 0-69 A 96-98 B 88-90 C 80-82 D 72-74 A- 94-95 B- 86-87 C- 78-79 D- 70-71 D. Plagiarism When preparing any of your assignments, be careful not to plagiarize the work of someone else. Plagiarism is using another s words or ideas without acknowledgment. Plagiarism is a sin because it is a form of stealing and lying. For more information about what constitutes plagiarism, see A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations by Kate L. Turabian, seventh edition, section 7.9.
YARBROUGH, 7 VI. COURSE SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION A. BE106 Course Review Sheet For a course content review sheet, please see the course files. B. Biblical Interpretation Competency Criteria So that the student is aware of continuing evaluation and assessment, the faculty is discussing criteria for the student competency sought in the area of biblical interpretation, as reflected in the chart below. Toward that end, the Bible Exposition department has specified competencies that the student will develop and demonstrate as a result of each course in the Bible Exposition core. For BE106, the department specifies that the student be able to identify and present the argument of a Bible book. The present course section allows the student to develop and demonstrate proficiency toward that criterion. This criterion aligns with competency level 3, to be demonstrated by students in all masters-level programs. Biblical interpretation: The student understands the Bible in its historical, literary, and theological contexts in order to apply and communicate the Scriptures. Le vel 1 Le vel 2 Le vel 3 Le vel 4 Le vel 5 The student is able to carry out inductive Bible study by means of observation, interpretation, application, and correlation. The student is able to practice elements of biblical study that reflect sound hermeneutics. The student is able to interpret the Bible and do biblical theology using a method that engages in the analysis and synthesis of Bible books and that reflects a broad knowledge of the content of the entire Bible, together with historical and theological influences. The student is able to conduct exegetical and biblical theological research in one biblical language from multiple literary genres, and is able to communicate its significance leading to spiritual transformation. The student is able to conduct exegetical and biblical theological research in a second biblical language from multiple literary genres, and is able to communicate its significance leading to spiritual transformation.
YARBROUGH, 8 C. Disability Accommodation Policy DTS does not discriminate on the basis of disability in the operation of any of its programs and activities. To avoid discrimination the student is responsible for informing the Coordinator of Services for Students with Disabilities and the course instructor of any disabling condition that will require modifications. D. The Presence of the Professor While the online learning environment is different than the live classroom environment, your professor is still involved and available. You can expect your professor to participate in the required interactions/discussions regularly and substantially. You can also expect your professor to have at least 3 virtual live office hours. Your professor will inform you of the times and means that these will occur. Most professors will likely use the Chat feature provided by our online platform at online.dts.edu. VI. COURSE SCHEDULE Module 1 - Introduction to the Course and an Overview of Acts (Autobiography Due) Module 2 - Acts 1:1-12:24 Module 3 - Acts 12:25-28:31 (Interaction no. 1) Module 4 - Galatians (Research Paper no. 1) Module 5 - The Thessalonian Epistles Module 6-1 Corinthians Module 7-2 Corinthians (Research Paper no. 2) Module 8 - Colossians and Philemon Module 9-1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, and Titus (Interaction no. 2) Module 10 - Course Conclusion and Final Exam (Argument of Galatians and Final Exam) VII. SUPPLEMENTAL BIBLIOGRAPHY ACTS Barrett, C. K. Acts: A Shorter Commentary. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 2002. Bock, Darrell L. Acts. Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2007. Bruce, F.F. The Acts of the Apostles: the Greek Text with Introduction and Commentary.Third revised and enlarged edition. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1990.. Commentary on the Book of Acts. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Revised edition. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1988.
YARBROUGH, 9 Couch, Mal, Ed. A Bible Handbook to the Acts of the Apostles. Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications, 1999. Fernando, Ajith. Acts. NIV Application Commentary. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1998. Larkin, William. Acts. IVP New Testament Commentary. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1995.
YARBROUGH, 10 Longenecker, Richard. Acts. In Expositor s Bible Commentary, ed. Frank Gaebelein, vol. 9. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1981. Marshall, I. Howard. The Acts of the Apostles: An Introduction and Commentary. Tyndale New Testament Commentaries. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1980. Polhill, John. Acts. New American Commentary. Nashville, TN: Broadman and Holman Publishing, 1992. Rackham, Richard B. The Acts of the Apostles. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 1964. Stott, John. Acts. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1990. Tannehill, Robert C. The Narrative Unity of Luke-Acts: A Literary Interpretation: Volume Two: The Acts of the Apostles. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1990. PAULINE STUDIES Barrett, C. K. Paul. Philadelphia: Westminster John Knox, 1994. Bruce, F. F. Paul. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1977. Conybeare, W. J. and J. S. Howson. The Life and Epistles of St. Paul. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1962. Dunn, James. The Theology of Paul the Apostle. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1998. Hawthorne, Gerald F. and Ralph A. Martin, eds. Dictionary of Paul and His Letters. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1993. Hiebert, D. Edmond. Personalities Around Paul. Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1973. Longenecker, Richard N. Paul: Apostle of Liberty. New York: Harper and Rowe, 1964. McRay, John. Paul: His Life and Teaching. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 2002. Pate, C. Marvin. The End of the Age Has Come: The Theology of Paul. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1995. Polhill, John B. Paul & His Letters. Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman, 1999. Richards, E. Randolph. Paul and First Century Letter Writing. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2004. Ridderbos, Herman. Paul. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1997. Roetzel, Calvin. The Letters of Paul. Philadelphia: Westminster Hon Knox, 1998.
YARBROUGH, 11 Stalker, James. The Life of St. Paul. Westwood, N.J.: Fleming H. Revell, 1951. Swindoll, Charles R. Paul: A Man of Grit and Grace. Nashville, TN: Word, 2002. GALATIANS Bruce, F.F. The Epistle to the Galatians: A Commentary on the Greek Text. NIGTC. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1982. Dunn, James. The Epistle to the Galatians. Black s New Testament Commentary. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1993. Edwards, Mark J. Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians. Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture, vol. 10. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1999. Fung, Ronald Y. K. The Epistle to the Galatians. NICNT. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1988. George, Timothy. Galatians. Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1994. Gromacki, Robert G. Stand Fast in Liberty, An Exposition of Galatians. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1979. Lightfoot, J.B. The Epistle of Paul to the Galatians. London: Macmillan & Co., 1896. Reprint, Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1971. Longenecker, Richard. Galatians. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville, TN: Word Publishing Co., 1990. McKnight, Scot. Galatians. NIV Application Commentary. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing Co., 1995. Ramsay, Wm. M. Historical Commentary on Galatians. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, n.d. Ryken, Philip Graham. Galatians. Phillipsburg, NJ: P & R Publishing, 2005. Silva, Moises. Interpreting Galatians: Explorations in Exegetical Method, 2 nd edition. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 2001. Stott, John R. W. The Message of Galatians. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 1986. Tenney, Merrill C. Galatians: The Charter of Christian Liberty. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1950. Witherington, Ben. Grace in Galatia. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1998.
YARBROUGH, 11 1 & 2 THESSALONIANS Beale, Gregory. 1 & 2 Thessalonians. Pillar New Testament Commentary. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2004. Bruce, F.F. I and 2 Thessalonians. Word Biblical Commentary, vol. 45. Waco, TX: Word Books, 1982. Furnish, Victor. 1 and 2 Thessalonians. Abington New Testament Commentary. Nashville, TN: Abingdon, 2002. Green, Gene. 1 and 2 Thessalonians. Pillar New Testament Commentary. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2002. Hiebert E. Edmond. The Thessalonian Epistles. Chicago: Moody Press, 1971. Marshall, I. Howard. 1 and 2 Thessalonians. New Century Bible Commentary. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1993. Kelly, William. The Epistles of Paul the Apostle to the Thessalonians. London: C.A. Hammond, 1953. Marshall, I. Howard. A Commentary on the Epistles to the Thessalonians. New Century Bible Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1982. Morris, Leon. The First and Second Epistles to the Thessalonians. (NIC) Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1959. Ryrie, Charles Caldwell. First and Second Thessalonians. Chicago: Moody Press, 1959. Stott, John. The Gospel & the End of Time. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1991. Thomas, Robert. 1 and 2 Thessalonians. Expositor s Bible Commentary. Vol. 11, Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1978. Walvoord, John F. The Thessalonian Epistles. Findlay, OH: Dunham Pub. Co., 1955. Witherington, Ben. 1 and 2 Thessalonians. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2006. 1 & 2 CORINTHIANS Barnett, Paul. 2 Corinthians. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1997. Barrett, C. K. A Commentary on the First Epistle to the Corinthians. New York: Harper & Row, 1973. Reprint, Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1987.
YARBROUGH, 12. A Commentary on the Second Epistle to the Corinthians. New York: Harper & Row, 1973. Reprint, Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1993. Blomberg, Craig. First Corinthians. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1995. Bruce, F. F. First and Second Corinthians. Reprint, Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1980. Fee, Gordon. The First Epistle to the Corinthians. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1987. Garland, David. 2 Corinthians. Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman, 1999. Hafemann, Scott. Second Corinthians. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2000. Harris, Murray. 2 Corinthians. Expositor s Bible Commentary., vol. 11, rev. ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2006. Hughes, Phillip Edgcumbe. Paul s Second Epistle to the Corinthians. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1962. Johnson, Alan. 1 Corinthians. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2004. Kent, Homer A., Jr. A Heart Opened Wide, Studies in 2 Corinthians. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1982. MacArthur, John F. 1 Corinthians. Chicago: Moody, 1984. Martin, Ralph P. 2 Corinthians. Word Biblical Commentary, Waco: Word Books, 1986. Morris, Leon. The First Epistle of Paul to the Corinthians. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1983. Thiselton, Anthony. First Corinthians. New International Greek Testament Commentary. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2000. COLOSSIANS AND PHILEMON Arnold, Clinton. The Colossian Syncretism. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 1997. Barclay, John. Colossians and Philemon. Sheffield: Academic Press, 1997. Bruce, F.F. The Epistle to the Colossians, to Philemon, and to the Ephesians. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1984.
YARBROUGH, 13 Carson, Herbert M. The Epistles of Paul to the Colossians and Philemon. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1960. Dunn, James D. G. The Epistles to the Colossians and to Philemon: a Commentary on the Greek Text. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1996. Garland, David. Colossians. NIV Application Commentary. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1998. Lohse, Eduard. Colossians and Philemon. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1971. Martin, Ernest. Colossians and Philemon. Believers Church Bible Commentary. Herald Press, 1993. Martin, Ralph P. Colossians and Philemon. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1981. Moule, C. F. D. The Epistle to Colossians and to Philemon. Cambridge University Press, 1957. O Brien, Peter T. Colossians, Philemon. Word Biblical Commentary, vol. 44. Waco, TX: Word, 1982. Wright, N. T. Colossians and Philemon. Tyndale New Testament Commentary. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1987. PASTORAL EPISTLES Beck, James and Craig Blomberg, Eds. Two Views on Women in Ministry, rev. ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2005. Fee, Gordon. The Pastoral Epistles. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 1988. Guthrie, Donald, The Pastoral Epistles. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1957. Hendriksen, William, Thessalonians, Timothy and Titus. Grand Rapids MI: Baker, 1978. Hiebert, D. Edmond, First Timothy. Chicago: Moody Press, 1957. _. Titus and Philemon. Chicago: Moody Press, 1957.. Second Timothy. Chicago: Moody Press, 1958. Kelly, J. N. D. A Commentary on the Pastoral Epistles. Black New Testament Commentary Series. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 1993. Kostenberger, Andreas. The Pastoral Epistles. Expositor s Bible Commentary, vol. 12, rev. ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2006.
YARBROUGH, 14 Knight, George W. III. The Pastoral Epistles. A Commentary on the Greek Text. New International Greek Testament Commentary. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1992. MacArthur, John. 2 Timothy. Chicago: Moody Press, 1995. Marshall, Howard. The Pastoral Epistles. London: T. & T. Clark, 2000. Mounce, William. The Pastoral Epistles. Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 2000. Pierce, Ronald, and Rebecca Merrill Groothuis, eds. Discovering Biblical Equality. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 2005. Piper, John, and Wayne Grudem, eds. Recovering Biblical Manhood and Womanhood. Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 1991. Prior, Michael. Paul the Letter-Writer and the Second Letter to Timothy. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1989. Stott, John R.W., Guard the Truth. Downers Grove, IL: Inter-Varsity Press, 1997. Towner, Philip. The Pastoral Epistles. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 1994. Vine, W.E., The Epistles to Timothy and Titus. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1965.