PROTEST AGAINST ETHNIC CLEANSING IN ANNE FRANK S THE DIARY OF A YOUNG GIRL (1991): A MARXIST PERSPECTIVE RESEARCH PAPER Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for getting Bachelor Degree of Education in Department of English Education Proposed by: ILMI NAFI AH PANCARANI A 320100016 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA 2014
APPROVAL PROTEST AGAINST ETHNIC CLEAI\ISING rn ANNE FRANK'S THE DIARY AF A YOANG GrRL (199r): MARXIST PERSPECTIVE RESEARCH PAPER Proposed by:.ilmi NAFI'AH PAFICARAM i A 320 100 016 Approved to be Examined By the Consultant Team Consultant I Consultant II Dr.lrl Thovibi M"S. 410
ACCEPTANCE PROTEST AGAINST ETHNIC CLEANSING rn ANNE FRANK',S THE DrARY OF A YOUNG GIRL (1991): A MARXIST PERSPECTIYE By:.ILMI NAFI'ATI PANCARANI A 320 100 016 Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiner i School of Teacher Training and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta On April, 2014 Team Examiner: 1. I Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S. (Chair Person) Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D. (Secretary),Wy (1L. J: ) ) 3. Dr. PhiI. Dewi Candraningrum ll ( (Member) ffiffi n$ffiffi?4 * ]!;[ or. NIP. 1 9650 428199303001 iii
MOTTO 1. Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world. (Nelson Mandela) 2. Hidup keren itu, sepintar pintar kita mencari peluang. (Ilmi Np) 3. Berlelah lelahlah, karena manisnya hidup terasa setelah lelah berjuang. (Imam Syafii) 4. Orang yang berhenti belajar akan menjadi pemilik masa lalu, Orang yang terus belajar akan menjadi pemilik masa depan. (Mario Teguh) 5. Sukses memang sulit, tapi lebih sulit lagi jika kita gagal. (Anonim) v
DEDICATION This Reseach Paper is whole heartedly dedicated to : 1. The Greatest Allah SWT. 2. The Prophet Muhammad SAW. 3. Her beloved parents. 4. Her beloved brother, Ilyas Maulana Rizqy. 5. Her beloved grandmother and grandfather. 6. Her beloved AL. 7. Her beloved Phesegh. 8. Her big Family in Darso Suwito family. 9. All of her friends that she have. 10. People who are willing to read this research paper. vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT First of all, thanks to Allah SWT the most merciful, His blessing, can never be measured nor calculated, and always gives unexpected strength,so that the researcher can finish this research. Then, thanks also for the great prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, who bring the Muslim from the darkness into the brightness. The researcher realizes that it is impossible to finish this paper without many supports from several people. Therefore, the researcher wants to express her sincerest gratitude for all of them. In finishing this research, the researcher is indebted for the great helps, guidance, and attention to the following persons: 1. Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S., as the first consultant, who has given guidance, advice, information, and time to share the story during the arrangement of the research paper. 2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D., as the second consultant, who has corrected the grammatical structure of the research paper, and as the chief of Department of English Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. 3. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum.,as the Dean of School of Teaching Training and Education Faculty in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. 4. Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M. Hum., as the academic consultant who always gives support, motivation, and suggestions. 5. All lectures of Department of English Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta for their patient in teaching learning process. 6. Her beloved parents, Bapak Sugeng and Ibu Sri Ekawati, thanks for the love, prayer, support, sacrifices, and strength for the researcher s life. The researcher learns patience and unyielding spirit from her father, vii
meanwhile, the researcher also learns about the strength and confidence from her mother. 7. Her beloved brother, Ilyas Maulana Rizqy, thanks for the love, support, happiness, joy, and longing immeasurably. I love you so much. 8. Her beloved grandmother and grandfather, Mbok Bibit and Pak Harno, thanks for the love, prayer, support, sacrifices, and strength for the researcher s life.the researcher hopes that they are given a long life, health, and happiness. The researcheralso hopes to be a pride for them. 9. Her beloved niece Rina, for the helps, smiles, and disputes. She has been coloring the researcher s day become sweeter. 10. Her beloved ones, Muhammad Ali Mashum, thanks for the love, prayer, support, and sacrifices. 11. Her best friends Phesegh, Khoirina, Uus, and Wuri, for making the researcher s life become colorful. She thanks for the support, sharing, spirit, story, craziness, laugh, jokes, and sweet moments during together. She hopes that they will always be best friends and remembering each other. 12. Her dearest friends in DEE class A, PakNur, Ifat, Cinthya, Vita, Nerel, Mifta, Desi, Lina, Anna Wijaya, Rina, Ibnu, Uus, Dewik, Andri, Wuri, Saodah, Susi, Pras, Handoko, Raditya, Dian, Efa, Efi, Risma, Khoirina, Wida, Ida, Niken, Doni, Nanang, Jembus, Anna Susianti, Evoand Imron, thanks for the togetherness. 13. Her dearest family in THE NARRATOR, for making the researcher s life become colorful. She thanks for the story, craziness, laugh, jokes, and sweet moments during together. 14. Her dearest PPLfamily in SMP Muhammadiyah 8 Surakarta, for making the researcher s life become colorful. She thanks for the story, craziness, laugh, jokes, and sweet moments during together. 15. Her soulmate B 6472 SAG, that always accompanied her in every condition. viii
TABLE OF CONTENT TITLE... APPROVAL... ACCEPTANCE... TESTIMONY... MOTTO... DEDICATION... ACKNOWLEDMENT... TABLE OF CONTENT... ABSTRACT... i ii iii iv v vi vii x xv CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study... 1 B. Literature Review... 6 C. Problem Statement... 7 D. Limitation of the Study... 8 E. Objectives of the Study... 8 F. Benefit of the Study... 9 G. Research Method... 9 H. Research Paper Organization... 11 CHAPTER II : UNDERLYING THEORY A. Marxist Perspective... 13 1. Notion of Marxism... 13 x
2. Major Principles of Marxist Theory... 14 a. Dialectical Materialism... 14 b. Historical Materialism... 15 c. Class Struggle... 16 d. Alienation... 16 e. Revolution... 16 B. Protest against Ethnic Cleansing... 17 1. Notion of Protest... 17 2. Notion of Ethnic Cleansing... 17 C. Structural Element of the Novel... 18 1. Character and Characterization... 18 2. Plot... 19 3. Setting... 20 4. Point of View... 21 5. Style... 22 6. Theme... 22 D. Theoritical Application... 23 CHAPTER III : THE SOCIAL BACKGROUND OF THE NETHERLANDS SOCIETY AFTER WORLD WAR I UNTIL 1947 A. Social Aspects... 24 B. Economy Aspects... 26 1. Reconstruction of Industry in the Netherlands... 28 xi
2. International Trade and Manufacturing in the Netherlands... 28 3. The Conclusion of Reconstruction... 29 C. Political Aspects... 30 1. The Nationaal-Socialistische Bewegung (NSB).. 30 2. Bombing of Rotterdam... 31 3. Collapse... 32 4. Dutch Surrender... 32 D. Cultural Aspects... 33 1. Mental... 34 2. Social... 34 a. Custom... 34 b. Tradition... 35 3. Physical... 36 a. Art... 36 b. Architecture... 36 c. Literature... 37 E. Science and Technology Aspects... 38 a. Science... 38 b. Technology... 39 F. Religious Aspects... 40 G. The Life of Anne Frank... 42 xii
CHAPTER IV : STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS A. Structural Elements of the Diary... 43 1. Character and Characterization... 43 a. Major Character... 43 b. Minor Character... 56 2. Setting... 63 a. Setting of Place... 63 b. Setting of Time... 69 3. Plot... 70 a. Plot Structure... 71 1). Exposition... 71 2). Complication... 72 3). Climax... 76 4). Resolution... 77 b. Causality... 77 c. Plausibility... 79 4. Point of View... 80 5. Style... 81 a. Diction... 81 b. Grammatical Structure... 83 c. Rhetoric... 84 1). Figurative Language... 84 2). Imagery... 87 xiii
6. Theme... 88 B. Discussion... 89 CHAPTER V : MARXIST ANALYSIS A. Marxist Analysis... 92 1. Dialectical Materialism... 92 2. Historical Materialism... 94 3. Class Struggle... 96 4. Alienation... 98 5. Revolution... 99 B. Discussion... 100 CHAPTER VI : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION A. Conclusion... 103 B. Pedagogical Implication... 104 C. Suggestion... 104 BIBLIOGRAPHY VIRTUAL REFERENCES APPENDIX xiv
ABSTRACT ILMI NAFI AH PANCARANI, A 320 100 016, PROTEST AGAINST ETHNIC CLEANSING IN ANNE FRANK S THE DIARY OF A YOUNG GIRL: MARXIST PERSPECTIVE. RESEARCH PAPER. MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. 2014. The study focuses on the protest against ethnic cleansing in the Netherlands. Protest against ethnic cleansing here means the effort of the Jews to protest the conditions that require them away from their own countries, the Netherlands.The objectives of this study are to analyze the diary based on the structural elements and to analyze the diary based on the Marxist perspective. This study belongs to qualitative method. In this method, the data source consists of two categories, they are primary data source and secondary data source. The primary data source is the diary itself. Then, the secondary data source is about marxist theory and all relevant materials in the diary. Both of data are collected through library research and analyzed by descriptive analysis. Based on the analysis, the researcher draws the following consclusions. First is based on the structural analysis. The Diary of a Young Girl shows that Anne Frank delivers a moral message that ethnic cleansing is against human rights and human nature. The theme is supported by the style from choice of words to sentence construction that they compose a good unity. Second is based on the Marxist analysis, it is clear that Anne Frank in the diary is protesting against the oppression of the German Nazi over the Jews. The diary represents the statement of the author s own class, being oppressed by the ruling Nazis. Keywords: Ethnic cleansing, The Diary of a Young Girl, Marxist Perspective. xv