New Approaches to Early Law in Scandinavia

New Approaches to Early Law in Scandinavia

ACTA SCANDINAVICA Aberdeen Studies in the Scandinavian World A series devoted to early Scandinavian culture, history, language, and literature, between the fall of Rome and the emergence of the modern states (seventeenth century) that is, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, and the Early Modern period (c. 400 1600). General Editor Stefan Brink, University of Aberdeen Editorial Advisory Board under the auspices of the Centre for Scandinavian Studies, University of Aberdeen Maria Ågren (History), Uppsala universitet Pernille Hermann (Literature), Aarhus Universitet Terry Gunnell (Folklore), Háskóli Íslands (University of Iceland) Judith Jesch (Old Norse/Runology), University of Nottingham Jens Peter Schjødt (History of Religions), Aarhus Universitet Dagfinn Skre (Archaeology), Universitetet i Oslo Jørn Øyrehagen Sunde (Law), Universitetet i Bergen Previously published volumes in this series are listed at the back of the book. Volume 3

New Approaches to Early Law in Scandinavia Edited by Stefan Brink and Lisa Collinson

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data New approaches to early law in Scandinavia. -- (Acta Scandinavica ; 3) 1. Law--Scandinavia--History--To 1500. 2. Law--Scandinavia--History--To 1500--Sources. I. Series II. Brink, Stefan, 1966- editor. III. Collinson, Lisa, editor. 349.4'8'0902-dc23 ISBN-13: 9782503547541 2014, Brepols Publishers n.v., Turnhout, Belgium All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. D/2014/0095/54 ISBN: 978-2-503-54754-1 e-isbn: 978-2-503-54796-1 Printed in the E.U. on acid-free paper

Contents Abbreviations vii Introduction Stefan Brink and Lisa Collinson 1 The Truth must always be Stronger :The Introduction and Development of Næfnd in the Danish Provincial Laws Per Andersen 7 The Hälsinge Law between South and West, King and Church, and Local Customs Stefan Brink 37 Town Law versus County Law: On the Kristindómsbálkr (Church Law) of Niðaróss Bjarkeyjarréttr and Frostuþingslög Jan Ragnar Hagland 57 Civil and Clerical Homicide in Late Medieval Norway Torstein Jørgensen 67 The Land, Men, and Law of Västergötland Thomas Lindkvist 89 Outlawry: From Western Norway to England Anne Irene Riisøy 101

vi Contents Daughters of God and Counsellors of the Judges of Men: Changes in the Legal Culture of the Norwegian Realm in the High Middle Ages Jørn ØyreHAGen Sunde 131 Danish Penal Law in the Middle Ages: Cases of Homicide and Wounding Helle Vogt 185 Index 201 Map Map of Medieval Denmark, page 9.

Abbreviations Atr AM ÄVgL B Cn DD DGL DL Laws of Æthelred The Arnamagnæan Manuscript Collection, Det arnamagnæanske institut, København, and Stofnun Árna Magnússonar á Íslandi, Reykjavík Older Västgöta Law (Äldre Västgötalagen) Town Law of Nidaróss (Niðaróss Bjarkeyjarréttr) Laws of Cnut Diplomatarium Danicum, ed. by A. Afzelius and others, 36 vols in 4 series (København: Munksgaard, 1938 2000) Danmarks gamle Landskabslove med Kirkelovene, ed. by Johs. Brøndum-Nielsen and P. J. Jørgensen, 8 vols in 10 (København: Gyldendal, 1933 61) Dala Law (Dalalagen) DN Diplomatarium Norvegicum, ed. by C. C. A. Lange and others, 22 vols (Oslo: Malling, 1849 1995) DS Diplomatarium Suecanum: Svenskt diplomatarium, i, ed. by J. G. Liljegren and others (Stockholm: Riksarkivet and others, 1829 ) E Eds Eidsivathing Law (Eidsivatingsloven) Edsöresbalken (The Book of the King s Peace)

viii F Eg Fritzner G GkS GL HL Jb Kgb Kyb Mb MHG MLG MLL NgL OE OFris ÖgL OHäls ON Frostathing Law (Frostatingsloven) Laws of Edgar Abbreviations Johan Fritzner, Ordbog over det gamle norske sprog, 4th edn, 4 vols (Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1972 73) Gulathing Law (Gulatingsloven) Den gamle kongelige Samling, Det Kongelige Bibliotek, København Guta Law (Gutalagen) Hälsinge Law (Hälsingelagen) Jordabalken (The Book of Land) Konungabalken (The Kings Book) Kyrkobalken (The Book of Church and Christian Law) Manhelgesbalken (The Book of Personal Security) Middle High German Middle Low German Magnus Lagabøters Landslov, ed. and trans. by A. Taranger, rev. edn (Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1962) Norges gamle Love indtil 1387, ed. by R. Keyser and P. A. Munch, 4 vols (Christiania: [n. pub.], 1846 84), v: Supplement, Glossarium, Anhang samt tillæg og rættelser, by G. Storm and E. Hertzberg (Christiania: [n. pub.], 1895); Anden række: 1388 1604, ed. by A. Taranger and others, vol. i.1 (Oslo: [n. pub.], 1904 ) Old English Old Frisian Östgöta Law (Östgötalagen) Old Hälsingian Old Norse

Abbreviations ix OSw Schlyter, Gloss. SdmL Old Swedish C. J. Schlyter, Glossarium ad Corpus iuris Sueo-Gotorum antiqui/ordbok till Samlingen af Sweriges gamla lagar (Corpus iuris sueo-gotorum antiqui/samling af Sweriges gamla lagar, på kongl. maj:ts nådigste befallning utgifven af d. C. J. Schlyter, 13) (Lund: Gleerup,1877) Södermanna Law (Södermannalagen) Skj Finnur Jónsson, ed., Den norsk-islandske skjaldedigtning, A: Tekst efter håndskrifterne, i ii; B: Rettet tekst med tolkning, i ii (København: Gyldendal, 1912 15) SkL SSGL Tmb UL Vb VmL YVgL Law of Scania (Skånske Lov/Skånelagen) Corpus iuris Sueo-Gotorum antiqui: Samling af Sweriges gamla Lagar, ed. by C. J. Schlyter and H. S. Collin, 13 vols (Stockholm: Haeggström, 1827 77) Tingmålabalken (The Book of Legal Process) uppland Law (Upplandslagen) Viderbobalken (The Book of Building, Property, and Community) Västmanna Law (Västmannalagen) Younger Västgöta Law (Yngre Västgötalagen)