UUP_Zuccaro_impaginato.qxd:Manuale_Bresciani.qxd 24-03-2015 19:23 Pagina 1 MANUALI TEOLOGIA STRUMENTI DI STUDIO E RICERCA 41 UNIVERSITY PRESS ITALIANE Opera sottoposta a peer review secondo il protocollo UPI Peer reviewed work in compliance with UPI protocol
UUP_Zuccaro_impaginato.qxd:Manuale_Bresciani.qxd 25-03-2015 10:17 Pagina 2 Cataldo Zuccaro Fundamental Moral Theology Manuali Teologia Strumenti di studio e ricerca ISBN 978-88-401-7050-3 2015 Urbaniana University Press 00120 Città del Vaticano via Urbano VIII, 16 00165 Roma tel. + 39 06 69889651 9688 fax + 39 06 69882182 e-mail: redazioneuup@urbaniana.edu www.urbaniana.edu/uup English translation by Andrew Rutt 2013 by Editrice Queriniana, Brescia Cataldo Zuccaro, Teologia morale fondamentale Front cover Photo: Cataldo Zuccaro, Radici di faggio ai piedi di Monte Gemma, Supino (Fr) 2015 All rights reserved Finito di stampare nel mese di aprile 2015 Progetto grafico Ingegno Grafico
UUP_Zuccaro_impaginato.qxd:Manuale_Bresciani.qxd 24-03-2015 19:23 Pagina 3 Cataldo Zuccaro Fundamental Moral Theology URBANIANA UNIVERSITY PRESS
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UUP_Zuccaro_impaginato.qxd:Manuale_Bresciani.qxd 24-03-2015 19:23 Pagina 5 INDEX Abbreviations and Acronyms................................. 9 Introduction............................................ 11 Chapter I INITIAL EPISTEMOLOGICAL QUESTIONS Laying down the cards..................................... 15 1. Epistemologies, sciences, theology........................ 15 1.1 Epistemic split and longing for unity of knowledge............... 15 1.2 Theology and moral theology............................. 19 2. Anthropology, philosophy, moral theology................... 32 2.1 The anthropological question............................. 32 2.2 The choice of the philosophical tool......................... 40 Chapter II MORAL THEOLOGY IN HISTORY «Standing on the shoulders of giants»......................... 53 1. Moral theology in the New Testament and in the age of the fathers 55 1.1 The centrality of Christ................................. 55 1.2 The moral of the fathers................................ 60 2. The Middle Ages..................................... 66 2.1 The High Medieval Period............................... 67 2.2 The Low Middle Ages.................................. 68 3. The Council of Trent (1545-1563) and thereabouts............ 72 4. From the Council of Trent to Vatican Council II............... 76 4.1 Alphonsus Maria de Liguori.............................. 77 4.2 Enlightenment: the evolution of the relationship between faith and morals......................................... 78 4.3 Tübingen School of theology.............................. 81 Chapter III MORALS IN THE BIBLE A soul for theology....................................... 85 1. The Patristic period................................... 86 1.1 The apostolic fathers.................................. 86 1.2 Alexandrine fathers................................... 89 1.3 In the West: Augustine................................. 90 2. The medieval period................................... 93 2.1 The dawn of the Middle Ages: Gregory the Great and the return of the four senses of Scripture................................ 93 2.2 Bonaventura of Bagnoregio and Thomas Aquinas............... 96 5
UUP_Zuccaro_impaginato.qxd:Manuale_Bresciani.qxd 24-03-2015 19:23 Pagina 6 INDEX 3. The Council of Trent (1545-1563)........................ 100 3.1 The eclipse of the Bible?................................ 100 3.2 The ratio atque Institutio Studiorum Societatis Iesu and the Roman Catechism.......................................... 101 4. Vatican Council II and beyond............................ 105 4.1 The signs (i.e. the road to Vatican II)........................ 105 4.2 Vatican II and moral theologians........................... 106 4.3 Ecumenical sensitivity.................................. 110 5. To know more....................................... 116 Chapter IV THE CHRIST-EVENT AND MORAL THEOLOGY Etsi Deus non daretur or Veluti si Deus daretur?.................. 123 1. Moral autonomy and ethics of faith a comparison............ 125 1.1 Moral autonomy...................................... 125 1.2 The ethics of faith.................................... 129 2. An attempt at an interpretation.......................... 134 2.1 The moral experience of faith............................. 134 2.2 The experience of faith................................. 135 2.3 Tertium non datur? Truth lies in the relationship................ 137 3. Centrality of Christ................................... 142 3.1 The experience of the encounter with Christ.................. 142 3.2 The following: A disciple of the master who is never alone......... 145 Chapter V NATURAL LAW In search of lost nature.................................... 151 1. The experience of natural law............................ 152 1.1 The signs of malaise................................... 152 1.2 The testimony of the Letter to the Romans and history s legacy..... 155 1.3 The natural law according to Thomas Aquinas................. 160 2. From the anthropology of indigence to natural law............. 164 3. Some delicate points beyond certainty..................... 168 3.1 The prism of nature and human nature...................... 169 3.2 Natural law, magisterium and the Gospel..................... 173 4. The historicity of natural law............................ 178 4.1 The genius of Aquinas.................................. 179 4.2 Certain contemporary conceptions......................... 182 4.3 The currency of a historical reflection....................... 186 Chapter VI MORAL CONSCIENCE The backstage direction.................................... 191 1. Conscience in the labyrinth............................. 193 2. Biblical sources and historical reception.................... 197 2.1 Moral conscience between ethics and faith: Scripture............ 197 2.2 Person, conscience, truth: the Middle Ages................... 201 6
UUP_Zuccaro_impaginato.qxd:Manuale_Bresciani.qxd 24-03-2015 19:23 Pagina 7 INDEX 3. Gaudium et spes: point of arrival and recommencement......... 207 3.1 The Council process................................... 207 3.2 Beyond a decision-making device.......................... 210 4. Towards a synthesis.................................. 214 4.1 Conscience and/is the unity of the person.................... 214 4.2 The phenomenon of conscience s decision.................... 219 4.3 The moral conscience of the christian....................... 226 5. Conscience s education................................ 232 5.1 Learning to understand need: indigent conscience.............. 233 5.2 Learning to recognise moral truth: the pilgrim conscience......... 238 5.3 Educating towards the acknowledgment of the ecclesiastical dimension: conscience in dialogue................................. 242 Chapter VII THE FUNDAMENTAL OPTION Life s polar star......................................... 249 1. Attempting an explanation.............................. 253 1.1 Beyond action s fragmentation............................ 253 1.2 Stable, dynamic, alternative.............................. 258 2. Fundamental option: the decision of decisions................ 263 2.1 The vital option...................................... 263 2.2 Specific actions...................................... 265 2.3 The theological dimension of the fundamental option............. 267 Chapter VIII SIN Lucidly lying to oneself..................................... 275 1. The anthropological coordinates of sin..................... 277 1.1 Sin, deed, person..................................... 277 1.2 Sin and the fundamental option........................... 280 1.3 Sin and conscience.................................... 283 2. Mortal sin and venial sin............................... 286 2.1 Grave matter, full advertence, deliberate consent............... 286 2.2 Sin, grace, fundamental option............................ 293 3. Listening to Scripture................................. 296 3.1 In relation with God................................... 298 3.2 In relation with ourselves................................ 300 3.3 In relation with others.................................. 301 Chapter IX MORAL DISCERNMENT «Go and do the same»..................................... 305 1. The already given in moral discernment..................... 307 1.1 The path: from the object to the subject and viceversa........... 308 1.2 The normative formulations of moral values and principles......... 316 2. In the light of faith................................... 321 2.1 The community s life................................... 321 7
UUP_Zuccaro_impaginato.qxd:Manuale_Bresciani.qxd 24-03-2015 19:23 Pagina 8 INDEX 2.2 The service of the magisterium........................... 324 2.3 Eucharist: a test of discernment.......................... 326 3. The original synthesis of moral conscience.................. 332 3.1 Present at the start................................... 332 3.2 With the owl s eyes................................... 334 Conclusion............................................ 337 Bibliography Magisterial sources, documents, texts.......................... 339 Epistemology and interdisciplinarity............................. 340 Historical evolution and use of the Bible......................... 350 Process of decision....................................... 360 Fundamental option and sin.................................. 371 Moral discernment........................................ 377 Index of names.......................................... 383 8