Chapter 14 Section 4 The Church Divided The Bubonic Plague The Hundred Years War Chapter 14 Section 4 Innocent III 1198-1216 Height of Church Power Weakens Power shifting of Kings and Strong government Towns people Church laws limit trade and industry Question church practices Black Death - 1/3 of populations dies Great Schism 1
Challenges of Church Power 1294 Philip IV of France Orders clergy to pay taxes Pope says no (Boniface) Pope taken prisoner Released, died, lost power Philip had French Pope elected 1309 Clement moved from Rome to Avigon, France 1000 years of Rome center Next 6 Popes are French Challenges of Church Power Babylonian Captivity 1309-1377 = period when Popes live in France Hebrews were forced to live in Babylon 1800 years earlier. Other countries lose respect for church as French Kings were running the show 1377 Pope dies 2
Challenges of Church Power GREAT SCHISM = 2 POPES 1377 Pope dies and Cardinals elect Italian Pope (Rome) French Pope elected Until 1417 Church has 2 or 3 Popes at a time. 1414 Council of Constance Resolves French and Italian Popes and appoint a new Pope - 3rd Pope in many peoples eyes Challenges of Church Power ALL OF THIS INCREASES CRITISM OF CHURCH JOHN WYCLIFFE Attacks wealth of Church & immorality of some Clergy Wants to replace authority of Church with Bible Individuals should be allowed to read & interpret scripture for themselves without church intervention PROMOTES FIRST TRANSLATIONOF BIBLE INTO ENGLISH 3
Challenges of Church Power Wycliffe accused of being a heretic English court defends him Political support saves his life JAN HAS Reads Wycliffe s work Religious reformer and teacher at University of Prague Criticized church Excommunication Burned at stake Challenges of Church Power QUESTIONING CHURCH AUTHORITY SET STAGE FOR REFORMATION 4
2/5/13 The Plague The Plague 1300 s About 1/3 of population dies Origins in Asia Creates purplish or black spots on skin Follows trade routes to Spain, Germany, England.. 5
The Plague Disease spread by black rats that were infested with fleas and lice. Unsanitary conditions create breeding grounds for more rats. The Plague 6
The Plague The Plague Effects Town Populations fell Trade declined Peasants demand higher wages (shortage of workers) Jews blamed massacred CHURCH WEAKENED (Prayers failed) (What God would allow this to happen?) 7
Chapter 14 Section 4 The Hundred Years War The Hundred Years War n ENGLAND n Feudal lords had lost power to King n Towns people support King n Courts and soldiers strengthen King n Edward III holds land in France n He is a vassal to French King 8
The Hundred Years War n ENGLAND n 100 years War 1328 n Edward claims French throne after King of France dies n France chose Philip VI n 1337 Edward brings army to France n 116 years of raids and battles n ENGLAND won most of the battles but LOST the war n Pg 337 9
Wars & Growth of Nations Results of 100 years War English long bows (200 yrds) Knights & horses no match Cannons & Gun Powder n Break castle walls down n Weakens knights n England Parliament (House of Lords get more power over House of Commons) n King needs consent to raise taxes. Wars & Growth of Nations n ENGLAND n WAR OF ROSES 1445 n White = House of York n Red = House of Lancaster n Henry Tudor = Henry VII= House of Lancaster= wins war and marries daughter of House of York 10
The Hundred Yearsʼ War# FRANCE# ü 100 years war# ü France suffers more (war fought on their soil)# ü People starved# ü House of Burgundy sides with English# ü House of Orleans -JOAN OF ARC # ü ( The Messenger - The story of Joan of Arc)# ü CHARLES VII drives English out# The Hundred Yearsʼ War# FRANCE# ü 100 years war# ü France suffers more (war fought on their soil)# ü People starved# ü House of Burgundy sides with English# ü House of Orleans -JOAN OF ARC# ü CHARLES VII drives English out# ü Estates General# ü 1st Clergy# ü 2nd Nobles# ü 3rd Common People# ü 1461 Louis XI - strong monarch - Unites country# ü French peasants still not strong# 11
War & Growth of Nations l Spain l 1479 Ferdinand & Isabella unites Nation l Kick Moors (Muslims) out l Not kind to non Christians l Jews and Moors leave n Lost leaders of industry & trade Wars & Growth of Nation 12
Wars & Growth of Nation Holy Roman Empire, Germany & Italy Emperors lack support & stay split up Habsburg family - present day Switzerland Used marriage to strengthen itself Becomes very powerful but. Maximilian I (Habsburg)Marriage to expand kingdom (Netherlands, Luxembourg, & Burgundy Philip - marries Spanish royal family 13