ANALYSIS OF COMBINING ABILITY IN INDIAN MUSTARD (BRASSICA JUNCEA L)

ANALYSIS OF COMBINING ABILITY IN INDIAN MUSTARD (BRASSICA JUNCEA L) * Nagendra Maurya, A.K. Singh and S.K. Singh * Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Tilakdhari College Jaunpur-222002, India *Author for Correspondence ABSTRACT The combining ability analysis of 10 parents and their-45f1 s generated through Diallel system of mating revealed that significant differences existed for general and specific combining ability for all the characters. GCA and SCA variances were important for all the characters indicating the presence of both additive and non-additive gene effects in controlling the expression of various characters. Parent varuna, RH-3904 and 819 were the good general combiners for yield and oil content. Additive gene action along with partial dominance was observed in oil content and 1000- weight. Varuna and RH-819 also exhibited desirable general combining ability effect for earliness and dwarfness. Among the cross combination, cross varuna RH-819 exhibited superior specific cobining ability effect for days 50% flowering, secondary branches per and other yield attributing traits. Most of the cross involving high low general combining parent, exhibited high SCA effect for various traits. Key Words: Brassica Juncea, General Combining Ability, Specific Combining Ability and Diallel INTRODUCTION Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. (Czern and coss)) is an important oil crop of the world. Indian mustard is major rabi oil crop of northern India. It has 38 to 42% oil and 24% protein. Diallel analysis provides a mating design whereby the selected parents are crossed in all possible combinations. The mean values are used for predicting combining ability of the parents (GCA) and hybrids (SCA) to enlighten the nature of gene action involved in the inheritance of traits (Khan et al., 2009a).It works as a principal method for screening of germplasm and to determine the ability of the different genotypes to be included or not in a future breeding programme on the basis of their GCA, SCA and reciprocal effects. According to Naushad Ali Turi et al., (2011) the yield advancement in brassica requires information regarding the nature of different combining abilities of parents and also know how about the nature of gene action involved in expression of different quantitative and qualitative traits of economic importance is also a prerequisite to develop and design desirable lines. Zhang (1987) reported that selection of parent cultivars for intraspecific hybridization is greatly facilitated by the utilization of GCA and SCA. In breeding programs, the GCA and SCA are usually used for parents and their cross combinations selection, respectively for improvement of crop production (Singh et al., 2003). Therefore, desirable GCA and SCA are needed to achieve higher yield with heterosis (Marinkovi and Marjanovic, 2004). Many studies have been conducted to address the effects of GCA and SCA for yield and yield components in different crops (Khan et al., 2009a & b; Muraya et al., 2006). But the research studies regarding gene action for yield and yield components in brassica is unsolved and needs consideration. The present study aims to identify the best general combiners and their F1 hybrids on the basis of their general, specific and reciprocal combining ability for yield and its contributing traits. Development of superior variety could be done by reshuffling the genes through hybridization from suitable parents. Moreover, it is also necessary to know about the nature and magnitude of gene action responsible for controlling the inheritance of various yield attributes along with combining ability of the parent and their cross combination in order to exploit them in further crop improvement programme. 116

MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten parents viz Varuna, Rohini, Krishna, Vaibhav, Vardan, Maya, NDRE-4, RH-9304, RH-819, and Pusa were crossed in half diallele fashion to produce 45 F 1 s. Ten parents and their 45F 1 s were grown in a randomized block design with three replication. Each parent and F 1 s. were grow in single row of 5m length with row to row and to distance of 45 and 15cm respectively in each replication during rabi 2010-2011 at the experimental research farm of Tilakdhari Post Graduate College, Jaunpur Uttar Pradesh. Recommended cultural practices were adopted in order to raise a healthy crop. Table 1: Analysis of variance for combining ability for ten characters in Indiaan mustard Sou rce D. F. GC A 9 days to 50% flowe ring 6.784 ** 17.41 2** days to Matur ity 152.16 8** hight (c.m.) 267.24 3** prima ry branc hes/ 6.582* * second ary branc hes/ 44.861 ** No. of siliqu ae on main race me 93.22 5** lengt h of siliq ua (c.m. ) 0.10 9** No. of s/ siliq ua 3.69 7** 1000 weig ht 0.28 0** yield per 0.758 * Oil cont ent 21.0 89* * 83.9 78* 59.256 474.90 2.815* 72.599 96.46 0.22 2.76 0.29 SCA 45 ** 19** * ** 1** 3 3** 5 1.004 * Erro 10 0.280* 0.02 0.24 0.02 0.75 0.793 r 8 1.874 13.952 * 1.023 1.287 3 4 8 0.332 9 *, ** Significant at 5 and 1 per cent levels, respectively A sample of five representative were taken from each plot for recording data on height number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, number of siliquae on main raceme, yield, 1000- weight and oil content in each replication while data on days 50% flowering, days to maturity were recorded on plot basis. Mean values of sample for various traits were subjected to combining ability analysis method II model I of Griffing (1956). RESULT AND DISCUSSION The analysis of variance revealed considerable genetic diversity among the parent, cross combination as well as between parent group and cross combination group for all the characters. Analysis of combining ability (table1)indicated that mean sum of square due to the both general and specific combining ability were significant for all the characters except length of siliqua, 1000 weight and yield suggesting importance of both additive and non additive gene effect in the inheritance of these character. Similar finding where earlier worker (Singh et al., 2008, Singh and Dixit, 2006). Relative magnitude of non additive gene effect was predominant in controlling the inheritance of hight, number of primary branches and yield per, where as additive gene effect were found predominant for controlling the inheritance of rest of the other characters. A persusal of general combining ability (gca) effect of parent indicated that none of the parent was found to be good general combiner for all the traits (table-2). Parents Varuna (length of siliqua) Rohini (day to maturity, Plant hight), Krishna (days to maturity) Varuna (days to 50% flowering) RH-9304 (days to 50% flowering) Pusa ( hight ) at can be calculated parent Vaibhav, NDRE-4, RH-819, Pusa, possess desirable allele for most of the characters. Here this parent could be use in future for improvement of respective character. 117

Table 2: Estimate of GCA effects of different character in 10- parent diallel cross in Brassica juncea F1 S.N. Parent days to 50% flowering days to Maturity height (cm) primary branches/ secondary branches/ siliquae on main raceme length of siliqua (cm) s/ siliqua 1000 weight yield per Oil content 1 Varuna -1.39** -2.04** 1.41 0.42** 3.01** 5.80** 0.00-092** -0.29** 0.09** -0.71** 2 Rohini -0.62** -0.23 1.13-0.78** -0.91** 1.08** -0.01** -044** -0.15** -0.13** -2.48** 3 Krishna -0.45** 1.49 3.99* -0.78** -1.27** 2.30** 0.03** 0.17** -0.01** -0.09** -0.45** 4 Vaibhav -0.48** 2.52** 9.38** 1.28** -1.63** -3.31** 0.17** 0.14** 0.06** 0.46** -1.62** 5 Vardan -0.09 4.63** 2.58** 0.08** -0.22** 1.99** -0.14** 0.19** -0.10** -0.02 1.51** 6 Maya 0.61** 4.52** -1.28 0.97** 0.64** -1.62** -0.11** 0.42** 0.10** -0.33** 0.22** 7 NDRE-4 0.91** 1.82** -4.14** -0.75** 1.17** -1.95** 0.10** 0.92** 0.18** -0.11** 0.75** 8 RH-9304 0.02-3.01** -5.09** -0.50-2.11** -2.67** 0.01** -0.56 0.08** 0.39** 0.73** 9 RH-819 0.66** -5.18** -6.20-0.25** 3.14** -0.73** 0.04** 0.56 0.12** -0.06** 1.65** 10 Pusa 0.83** -4.51** -1.78 0.31** -1.83** -0.89** -0.09** -0.14 0.17** -0.20** 0.41** SE (gi) 0.059 0.140 1.046 0.021 0.076 0.096 0.001 0.018 0.002 0.024 0.056 SE (gi-gj) 0.132 0.312 2.325 0.046 0.170 0.214 0.003 0.040 0.004 0.055 0.126 *, ** Significant at 5 and 1 per cent levels, respectively 118

Table 3: Estimate of specific combining ability (SCA) effects of the crosses for different character in 10- parent diallel cross in Brassica juncea F1 length 1000 days to yield days to primary secondary siliquae of Oil S.N. Parent 50% height s/ per Maturity branches/ branches/ on main siliqua weight content flowering (cm) siliqua raceme (cm) 1 Varuna Rohini 1.49* 3.35* 6.54 1.18** -4.69** -8.76** -0.28-0.94** 0.51** -0.69* 4.40** 2 Varuna Krishna -3.01** -5.37** -10.99 1.18** 8.67** 5.35** -0.45-2.89** -1.10** -0.43-0.40 3 Varuna Vaibhav -2.32** -6.40** 8.96 1.46** 7.69** -3.37** 0.41-1.19** -0.11** -0.24 0.10 4 Varuna Vardan -3.70** -3.51* 7.10 0.65** 0.28 3.65** -0.38 0.09-0.48** 0.57* 6.57** 5 Varuna Maya -1.73* -4.40** 12.29 0.43-0.25 16.93** -0.01-0.14 0.30 0.67* 5.69** 6 Varuna NDRE-4-1.37* -3.37* 23.82* 0.15 6.89** 13.93** -0.42-0.97** -0.40** 1.20** 2.20** 7 Varuna RH-9304-0.15 5.80** 1.10-0.10 9.17** 2.65* -0.69 0.17 0.41** 0.46 6.15** 8 Varuna RH-819-5.12** -0.70 10.21 0.65** 10.92** 13.04** -0.86-0.94** 0.24** 0.13-0.67 9 Varuna Pusa 0.05 2.96 7.12-0.24-6.11** 3.54** 0.47 0.42* -0.02 0.39 10.57** 10 Rohini Krishna -4.12** -10.18** -0.04-2.63** -7.08** 24.74** -0.84-3.03** 0.75** -0.56* 3.94** 119

11 Rohini Vaibhav -1.01-2.20 7.57 3.32** 6.28** 4.35** -0.42 0.00 0.78** -1.41** 0.34 12 Rohini Vardan -3.15** -15.98** -8.96-1.15** 6.19** 11.38** 0.46-1.39** -1.18** 0.15 1.39* 13 Rohini Maya -2.51** -6.20** 6.23 2.62** 5.23** -5.01** 0.10-0.61** -0.42** 0.76** 0.70 14 Rohini NDRE-4-1.15-7.51** 19.76* -0.32-4.19** 9.99** 0.29 1.11** 0.22** -0.17 7.89** 15 Rohini RH-9304-2.26** 1.99-6.63-0.90 2.75** -4.29** -0.39-0.30-0.52** 0.11-2.08** 16 Rohini RH-819-0.90 3.49* 17.48-0.15 14.17** -7.90** 0.11 1.59** -0.22** 0.99** 4.75** 17 Rohini Pusa -2.40** 2.82 29.07* 0.62* 3.47** -5.07** 0.14-0.72** 0.21** 1.42** 7.88** 18 Krishna Vaibhav 1.07 4.41** -2.63 0.65** 5.97** 2.79** 0.11 0.23-0.08** 3.14** 7.72** 19 Krishna Vardan -0.32-1.04-6.15-0.15 2.89** 4.15** -0.48 0.34 0.07** -0.51 6.11** 20 Krishna Maya -1.01-2.59 6.04-1.04** 9.03** 6.10** 0.13-1.22** 0.037** 0.11-0.51 21 Krishna NDRE-4-0.32-2.90 13.23 0.01 2.50** -5.23** -0.41-0.39-0.35** -0.28 3.87** 22 Krishna RH- 9304-1.43* 2.93 8.18-0.24-3.56** 4.49** 0.01 1.09** 0.06* -0.81 11.03** 23 Krishna RH-819-0.73 2.77 20.62 1.51** -2.14** -4.79** 0.04 0.64* 0.37** -0.80 0.74 24 Krishna Pusa -4.90** -10.90** 24.87* 1.96** 2.50** 3.38** -0.03 1.67** -0.03 0.59* 2.44** 25 Vaibhav Vardan 1.30* -8.07** 25.46* 3.46** 5.92** -3.90** 0.27-0.30 0.10** 0.23 0.37 120

26 Vaibhav Maya -0.65-6.95** -1.35 0.23 4.06** 3.04** -0.42-1.19** -0.70** 0.07 4.50** 27 28 Vaibhav NDRE- 4 Vaibhav RH- 9304-2.29** -10.29** 19.85-1.04** -5.47** -7.96** -0.66 0.97** -0.89** -0.04-0.73-3.40** -4.43** 25.79** -1.63** -3.19** -4.57** -0.44 1.45** -0.27** -1.52** 2.79** 29 Vaibhav RH-819-0.37-0.59 4.57-1.88** -1.78** -3.85** 0.73 2.00** 0.67** 0.02 7.90** 30 Vaibhav Pusa 0.80-0.26-4.85-0.43-1.47 10.65** -0.18-1.64** -0.30** 0.80** 7.31** 31 Vardan Maya 0.96-2.40 5.12 0.43-1.69-9.93** 0.16 0.09 0.18** 0.38 6.53** 32 Vardan NDRE-4-1.68* 2.96 3.32-0.18 1.11-7.60** 0.22 2.25** 0.05* 0.52 2.81** 33 Vardan RH-9304-0.12 1.46 14.93-0.43 4.39** 9.79** 0.07-2.94** -0.06* 1.16** -1.77** 34 Vardan RH-819-2.09** -8.04** 7.04-1.68** -0.53 4.18** -0.23-2.39** 0.14** -1.00** 5.84** 35 Vardan Pusa -2.59** -1.70 5.62 1.10** 3.78** -7.98** -0.26 0.31 0.31** -2.24** 4.38** 36 Maya NDRE-4-4.37** -4.93** 21.18 0.26 2.92** 11.35** 0.19 0.03-0.47** -2.37** 4.85** 37 Maya RH-9304-0.15 1.24 27.79** 2.35** -5.81** -8.93 0.08-1.83** -0.07* -0.73** 3.19** 38 Maya RH-819-3.12** -2.59 15.23 1.10** 8.28** 10.13** -0.25-0.61** 0.14** 0.00 4.72** 39 Maya Pusa -1.95** -1.26-32.52** -1.46** 3.25** -7.07** 0.28 1.09** 0.60** -0.51-1.40* 121

40 41 42 43 44 45 NDRE-4 RH- 9304 NDRE-4 RH- 819 NDRE-4 Pusa RH-9304 RH- 819 RH-9304 Pusa RH-819 Pusa -2.12** -1.40-14.35 0.40-0.67-1.26-0.43 3.00** 0.41** 0.13 3.36** -0.09 6.10** 20.24-0.52* 4.75** -3.21** 0.00-2.44** -0.75** 0.91** 3.26** -1.26 1.10 2.68 1.26** 10.06** -10.04** -0.07-0.41* -0.11** -0.41 3.57** -3.54** -6.07** -11.96 0.23 5.69** 6.18** -0.17 2.03** -0.29** -0.12 9.42** -2.37** 2.27 16.62 1.35** 10.67** -5.65** 0.29-0.94** 0.38** 0.49 0.19-2.34** 6.77** 22.73 3.43** 4.42** 4.40** -0.34-0.39-0.56** -1.51** 1.031* 46 ±(SIJ) 0.673 1.590 11.838 0.238 0.868 1.092 2.021 0.207 0.024 0.282 0.644 47 ±(SIJ-SIK) 1.455 3.435 25.580 0.514 0.1.877 2.359 0.043 0.448 0.052 0.609 1.393 48 ±(SIJ-SKL) 1.322 3.123 23.254 0.467 0.170 2.145 0.039 0.407 0.047 0.554 1.266 122

The crosses, Krishna x Vaibhav, Vardan x Pusa and Maya x NDRE-4 showed significant SCA effects for grain yield per (Table -3). For height, crosses such as Vaibhav x RH-9304, Maya x Pusa and Maya x RH-9304 may be used; similarly for maturity earliness the s crosses Rohini x Vardan, Krishna x Pusa and Vaibhav x NDRE-4 found suitable. The crosses Varuna x RH-819, Maya x NDRE-4 and Varuna x Vardan revealed useful in days to 50 % flowering. The performance of the crosses Varuna x Maya, Varuna x NDRE-4 and Rohini x Krishna showed an increasing number of siliquae on main raceme. The crosses Rohini x Vaibhav, Vaibhav x Vardan and RH-819 x Pusa were significant for number of primary branches per. While, Varuana x RH-819, NDRE-4 x Pusa and RH-9304 x Pusa crosses showed significant positive effects for number of secondary branches per. The crosses, Varuna x Pusa, Rohini x Krishna, Vaibhav x RH-819 and Rohini x Krishna, NDRE-4 x RH-930 NDRE-4 x RH-819 revealed significant positive SCA effects for length of siliqua and number of per siliquae, respectively. The crosses Varuna x Krishna, Rohini x Krishna and Rohini x Vardan revealed significant positive SCA effects for 1000 grain weight. REFERENCES Attia K, Zhong XQ and Bastawisi AO (2001). Combining ability and standard heterosis analysis of two-line system hybrid rice. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 4 346-350. Griffing B (1956). Concepts of general and specific combining ability in relation to diallel crossing system. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 9 463-493. Muraya M, Ndirangu CM and Omolo EO (2006). Heterosis and combining ability in Diallel crosses involving maize S-1 lines. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46 387-394. Singh and Dixit RK (2006). Combining ability for quality traits in Indian mustard. Second National Breeding Congress on breeding in post genomic era held at Tamil nadu Agriculture University, Coimabatore, Proceedings 256-266. Singh, Ranjeet and Srivastava SBI (2009). Heterosis and combining ability estimates in Indian mustard (Brassica Juncea (L.) Czern and Coss. Journal of Oils Research 26 61-63. Singh, Satendra Singh HL and Dixit RK (2006). Combining ability of agronomic characters in Indian mustard (Brasseca Juncea (L.) Czern and Coss). Journal Progress in Research 6 69-72. Singh, Singh Geetakumar Virendra and Dhaka Ansu (2008b). Combining ability analysis for some metric traits related to yield in Indian mustard (Brassica Juncea (L.)Czern and Coss.). Program Agriculture 8 57-60. Singh, Bashrat AH, Singh Lokendara, Singh Baham and Dixit RK (2008a). Studies on combining ability for oil content, yield and its contributing characters in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and coss.). Jura - Le Progrès 3 174-150. Srivastava, Rajshekhar, Singh and Rao Mahesh (2009). Combining ability analysis for yield and contributing characters in Indian mustard (Brasseca Juncea (L.) Czern and Coss.). Journal of Oil Research 26 58-61. Turi NA, Raziuddin Farhatullah Khan, Hassan N, Bakht GJ, Khan S and Mohammad S (2011). Combining ability for yield related Traits in brassica juncea. Pakistan Journal of Botany 43(2) 1241-1248. Yadav YP, Prakash R, Singh R, Singh RK and Yadav JS (2005). Genetics of yield and its component characters in Indian mustard (Brassica Juncea (L.) Czern and Coss.) under rainfed conditions. Journal of Oil Research 22 255-258. 123