LATIN PREPOSITIONS ä/ab, away from, by ad, to, toward, at adversus, opposite, against ante, before apud, among; at the home of circum, around conträ, against cum, with dë, down from, about, concerning ë/ex, out of exträ, outside of, beyond in, + abl., in, on (e.g., in cubiculö) in, + acc., into; against (e.g., in cubiculum) ïnfrä, below, beneath inter, between inträ, within, inside iuxtä, close/next to ob, on account of; in front of per, through post, after prae, before praeter, beyond, besides prö, for, on behalf of prope, near propter, on account of sine, without sub, under super, above, beyond suprä, above träns, across DEFINITION: A preposition is a word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in the sentence. Prepositions may indicate position, direction, time, manner, means, agent, etc. Exempli Gratia: position - in the river direction - to the store time - for many years, in ten days manner - with joy means - with a sword agent- by the senator, by the storm
ACCUSATIVE ABLATIVE ä/ab, away from, by cum, with dë, down from, about, concerning ë/ex, out of in, in, in, on (e.g., in cubiculö) prö, for, on behalf of; in front of sine, without sub, under prae, before 1. under, beneath 2. away from; by 3. without 4. on account of; against 5. on behalf of 6. after 7. above 8. between 9. across 10. outside of, beyond 11. beyond, besides 12. down from; about, concerning 13. through; bad for, detrimental to 14. to toward, at 15. out of, from LATIN PREPOSITIONS ABLATIVE CASE ACCUSATIVE CASE sub, prep. + abl., under, beneath post, prep. + acc., after in, prep. + abl., in, on, among ad, prep. + acc., to, toward, at dë, prep. + abl., concerning, about prope, prep. + acc., near sine, prep. + abl., without per, prep. + acc., through prö, prep. + abl., on behalf of in, prep. + acc., into, against ä or ab, prep. + abl., away from, by trans, prep. + acc., across cum, prep. + abl., with ë or ex, prep. + abl., out of, from Translate the following prepositional phrases into Latin. villa, -ae, f. urbs, urbis, f. hortus, -ï, m.
1. under the farmhouse 11. under the city 21. with the garden 2. away from the farmhouse 12. away from the city 22. across the gardens 3. toward the farmhouse 13. toward the cities 23. out of the garden 4. out of the farmhouse 14. near the city 24. on the gardens 5. near the farmhouse 15. about cities 25. under the garden 6. on the farmhouse 16. without the city 26. into the gardens 7. into the farmhouse 17. with the cities 27. without the garden 8. about the farmhouse 18. after the city 28. toward the gardens 9. with the farmhouse 19. into the cities 29. away from the garden 10. without the farmhouse 20. out of the city 30. near the gardens
ab initio ab urbe condita ad astra per ardua/ad astra per aspera ad hoc ad infinitum ad nauseam ante meridiem asinus ad lyrum cum grano salis de nihilo nihil deus ex machinä e pluribus unum ex libris ex tempore fidelis ad urnam Hannibal ante portas in absentiä in arena aedificas in loco parentis in medias res in memoriam in vino veritas est magna cum laude magnum opus per diem post meridiem pro bono pro tempore quid pro quo sine quä non sub rosä sub vino summa cum laude ad hoc "For a particular purpose (improvised, made up in an instant)" "To the man", meaning 1) an argument designed to appeal to personal interest rather than objective fact 2) an argument criticizing one's opponent rather than his ideas. Ad infinitum "to infinity", going on forever (ad lib) "Freely at ease", just ramble Ad majorem Dei gloriam "to the greater glory of God" Ad multos annos "To many years!", i.e. "Many happy returns!" Ad nauseam "to the point of nausea" A mari usque ad mare
"From sea to sea" - motto of Canada Cum grano salis "With a grain of salt" (just a bit of wise attention) De facto De gustibus non disputandum est De jure De novo "Anew" Deus ex machina E E pluribus unum "And others", often written et al. (Alii strictly means "male others", but is also used for groups of men and women et aliae is used when the "others" are all female.) Ex animo "From the heart" (sincerely) Ex libris... Ex nihilo nihil fit "Nothing comes from nothing" - you need to work for something Ex officio "From the office" - when someone holds one position by virtue of holding another, e.g. the U.S. vice president is ex officio president of the Senate Ex post facto "After the fact" (also post facto) Extra Ecclesiam Nulla Salus In absentia "in the absence" (of a defendant in court) In flagrante delicto "In flaming crime," i.e. "red-handed" -nowadays used when you are in found in a compromising situation with a sexual partner In hoc signo vinces Constantine supposedly saw this in an omen shortly before the Battle of Milvian Bridge. In media res "In or into the middle of a sequence of events" - taken from the poet Horace, this refers to the poetic technique of beginning a narrative poem at a late point in the story, after much action has already taken place. Poems which use this technique inclued the Iliad, the Odyssey, and Paradise Lost. In memoriam "In memory of" In situ "In place" in the original location and environment. In toto "In total" (altogether) Per annum "Per year" Per ardua ad astra or Per aspera ad astra
"Through hardship to the stars," motto of the Royal Air Force and Royal New Zealand Air Force. Per caput, per capita "Per person" (literally, "by head(s)") Per se "By or in itself, without referring to anything else, intrinsically", see for instance negligence per se Post mortem "after death" Pro bono publico "For the public good" - a lawyer's work is said to be pro bono if he does not charge for it. Pro tempore "For the time being" Sub poena "under penalty", i.e. on pain of punishment Sub rosa "under the rose," secretly (a rose was placed above a door to indicate that what was said in the room beyond was not to be repeated outside) Sutor, ne ultra crepidam "Cobbler, no further than (your competence on) the sandal". It is said that Greek painter Apelles was one day painting a warrior but he was uncertain on how to render his sandals (crepida). He asked the advice of a cobbler (sutor), but after a time the cobbler started offering advice on other parts of the painting and was rebuked by Apelles with this phrase (but in Greek). "Blank slate" literally "a scraped slate" (Romans used to write on wax tablets, easy to erase). John Locke used the term to describe the human mind at birth before it had acquired any knowledge. post tenebras lux after darkness light