Welcome to the Ancient Civilizations 70 s Dance Party!
Ancient Civilizations 70 s Dance Party! We need 2 Big Groups and 2 small groups (The Movers & the Shakers) within the big group. Form 2 lines that face each other. Movers share ONE question from their list and discuss the answer with their partner across the isle. Repeat this process with the Shakers. (3.5 Mins) When time is up, the movers slide down one position or (boogie down one position). Shakers stay in place or Shake your groove thang! The Mover at the end of the line should boogie down between the rows to the other end.
Copyright Clara Kim 2007. All rights reserved.
Why River Valleys? 1. Offered rich soils for agriculture 2. Tended to be located in places that could offer protection from nomadic invaders
The Fertile Crescent Arc of land between the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea in Southwest Asia
One land Two Rivers Mesopotamia means = land between the rivers Tigris River and Euphrates River Both rivers flooded once a year and left thick bed of silt. Silt: rich, new soil farmers could plant and harvest enormous quantities of wheat and barley
Religion & Politics Power of the Priests Sumer s earliest governments were controlled by temple priests Farmers believed they needed blessings for success of their crops Priests were the middle man for the Gods Priests demanded portion of farmer crops as tax
Political Systems Later followed Hereditary rulers: when the power is passed down to family members Sargon
City-state- an independent city and it s surrounding land. For example Washington D. C. or Vatican City in Rome. Political Systems
MESOPOTAMIAN CITY STATES SUMER AKKAD LOCATION TITLES IMPORTANT LEADERS SOUTHERN PART OF MESOPOTAMIA SOUTHERN PART OF MESOPOTAMIA FIRST CIVILIZATION OF THE WORLD FIRST EMPIRE OF THE WORLD UR NAMMU SARGON I BABYLONIA CENTRAL PART OF MESOPOTAMIA OLD BABYLONIAN EMPIRE HAMMURABI ASSYRIA NORTHERN PART OF MESOPOTAMIA SCOURGE OF GODS ASSURNASIRPAL ASHURBANIPAL CHALDEA CENTRAL PART OF MESOPOTAMIA NEW BABYLONIAN EMPIRE NEBUCHADNEZZAR
Sargon of Akkad: The World s First Empire [Akkadians]
Babylonian Empire They overtook Sumerians around 2000 B.C. And they built capital, Babylon, on Euphrates river
The Babylonian Empires
The most famous king of Babylonian Empire was Hammurabi [1792-1750 B.C.] Famous Code of Law the punishment fits the crime and eye for an eye He took all the laws of the region s city-states and unified them into one code. This helped unify the region.
Hammurabi s [r. 1792-1750 B. C. E.] Code
Economy Metal tools and weapons (bronze, iron came later ) Increasing agricultural surplus (better tools, plows, irrigation) Increasing trade along rivers traded with Egypt Development of the world s first cities Specialization of labor
Religion Polytheistic: Belief in Many Gods (3,000!!!) Gods could be angered at any moment and to keep them happy Sumerians: Built impressive ziggurats or temples to sacrifice food, wine and animals Souls of the dead wandered in the land of no return
MORE ZIGGURATS!!!
Social Structure Kings and Priests Wealthy merchants Ordinary Sumerian people Slaves
Social Structure - Women Could hold property Join lower ranks of priesthood There were few women scribes Scholars think that girls were not allowed to attend schools
Achievements - Intellectual Epic of Gilgamesh Myths and legends recorded in this long poem One of the earliest works of literature in the world
Gilgamesh The Mesopotamians believed that the dead descended to a gloomy underworld. This Epic contains a different account of the Great Flood.
Achievements Science and Technology Invented the wheel, the sail, the plow First to use bronze. Developed system of writing Built irrigation systems, buildings, surveyed flooded fields.
Achievements Science and Technology Invented the wheel, the sail, the plow First to use bronze. Developed system of writing Built irrigation systems, buildings, surveyed flooded fields.
Copyright Clara Kim 2007. All rights reserved. Egypt
Geography - Egypt Unites In the beginning, Egypt was separated into two kingdoms: 1. Lower Egypt 2. Upper Egypt
Lower Egypt Upper Egypt
King Menes Established a capital, Memphis Established first Egyptian Dynasty Unites Upper and Lower Egypt
United United lower and upper Egypt and wore a crown that symbolized its united kingdom
Political Structure - Pharaohs Egyptian kings = pharaohs The Egyptians viewed their pharaohs the same as the gods KINGS WERE GODS Stood as center of religion as well as government and army Type of Government = Theocracy
Trade By 3200 BC, Egyptians were trading with the Mesopotamians Also traded up and down the Nile Gold Ivory Cattle Granite blocks
Polytheistic 2,000 gods and goddesses Religion Built huge temples to honor gods Believed in afterlife Osiris god of the dead
Video Link
Social Structure Very different from the citystates of Mesopotamia Egypt s united kingdom allowed High degree of unity Stability Cultural continuity (staying the same)
Life in Egyptian Society Pharaoh Royal Advisor Priests Traders/Merchants Ordinary Citizens Slaves
Advancements - Intellectual Developed writing = hieroglyphics Pictographic writing system Developed written numbers for recording taxes Addition, subtraction
Achievements Knowledge in math = skillful engineers Pyramids Palaces Egyptian Architects first to use stone columns in homes, palaces and temples 12 month, 365 day calendar from studying the stars So accurate it was only 6 hours off from today s calendar year
Calendar/ Time Piece
The Rosetta Stone This Not This
Geography Nile River 4,132 miles long, flows northward Every year in July the river flooded REGULARLY leaving behind rich soil. The Nile is the longest river in the world! Forbidden Deserts on either side of the Nile = Natural barriers
Desert = Dry Water = Fertile/Green