Timeline of Exile of Judah and History written about in Daniel All dates are approximate and some are disputed by competing historians BC 640-609 Josiah is King of Judah Revival in Judah Daniel is born during this time Jeremiah begins his work during this time Ezekiel is born during this time 621 Nabopolassar becomes king of Babylon 612 Nabopolassar takes Nineveh (Assyrian Empire) 609 Josiah killed in battle Jehoahaz becomes king for 3 mo taken captive to Egypt 609-605 Pharaoh Neco/Egyptian authority over Judah 608-598 Jehoiakim king of Judah 605 Babylon defeats Pharaoh Neco/Egypt Nabopolassar dies Nebuchadnezzar (Nab s son and general) becomes king Nebuchadnezzar besieges Jerusalem first exile Loots temple Takes hostages Incl: Daniel, Shadrach, Mishach and Abednego Jehoiakim/Judah is under Babylonian authority 605/604 DANIEL 1 TAKES PLACE 603/602 DANIEL 2 TAKES PLACE 602-562 DANIEL 3 TAKES PLACE DANIEL 4 TAKES PLACE 598 Jehoiakim reign ends / Jehoiakim dies Jehoiachin becomes king for 3 mo Carried off to Babylon Second exile Ezekiel taken to Babylon 597-586 Zedekiah king of Judah Rejects Jeremiah the prophet Eventually rebels against Babylon 586 Judah/Jerusalem falls completely 3 rd and final exile City and temple destroyed Nebuchadnezzar kills Zedekiah s sons in front of him Then blinds Zedekiah 562 Nebuchadnezzar dies 562-539 Succession of rulers in Babylon 562-560 Evil-Merodach 2 yrs 560-556 Neriglisar 4 yrs Laborosoarchod 9 months 556-539 Nabonidus 17 yrs 549-539 Belshazzar co-regent 553 DANIEL 7 TAKES PLACE 551 DANIEL 8 TAKES PLACE 539 Babylon falls to Medo-Persian Empire DANIEL 5 TAKES PLACE 539-538 DANIEL 9 TAKES PLACE 539-330 Medo-Persian Empire Persia and Greece constantly at war, especially in later yrs
538 Cyrus decree to rebuild the temple First exiles return 539-536 DANIEL 6 TAKES PLACE 536 DANIEL 10 TAKES PLACE DANIEL 11 TAKES PLACE DANIEL 12 TAKES PLACE 516 Temple completed 458 Second set of exiles return under Ezra 445/444 Artaxerxes decree to rebuild walls and streets of Jerusalem Under Nehemiah Third set of exiles return 336-330 Alexander the Great establishes Greek Empire 323 Alexander dies in Babylon 323 Beginning of struggle b/t 4 generals of Greece 323-164 Fights among Greek Kings for control of Palestine Ptolemaic Empire (Egypt King of South) Seleucid Empire (Syria King of North) Constant battles between the two empires Constant politics, including treaties, intermarriage etc 175 Antiochus Epiphanes becomes head of Seleucid Empire 167 End of Daily Sacrifice and Abomination of Desolation Women who had kids circumcised both killed Beginning of Macabean revolt 164 Macabean revolt succeeds Daily Sacrifices in temple re-established 164-63 100 years of Jewish Rule 63 Roman invasion of Palestine under General Pompey 63BC-634AD Roman/Byzantine occupation/rule of Israel AD 32-33 Jesus (Anointed One) Triumphal Entry and Crucified Under Roman Empire End of first 69 weeks of nation of Israel 70 Temple and Jerusalem destroyed by Romans Jews scattered throughout world Israel as we know it ceases to exist Second abomination of Desolation?? 634 Islamic forces take over Jerusalem/Temple Mount 634-WWI Islamic rule of Jerusalem/Temple Mount Some gaps during Crusades Dome of Rock constructed over Temple Mount 1948 Israel becomes a country/nation again 1967 Israel gains control of all of Jerusalem including Temple Mt. 1967-present End times Temple Mount still covered by Dome of Rock Temple rebuilt Third Abomination of Desolation Last week (7 years) of nation of Israel
DANIEL OVERVIEW - VISIONS AND EMPIRES Chapter 2 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Empire Date as it relates To Israel Gold Head Lion Babylon 605BC- 539BC Silver Arms Bear Ram Medo-Persian 539BC- 330BC and Chest Bronze Belly Leopard Goat Greece 330BC- 164BC and Thighs Iron/Clay Terrifying and Rome 63BC-634AD Legs/Feet Frightening Beast Prophecy time periods sevens period of 7 years weeks period of 7 years Time period of one year Times period of 2 years a half a time period of 6 months year 360 days Chapter 9 Israel s history in sevens (Seventy Sevens decreed for Israel and Jerusalem) (Period for several things to happen see 9:24) Timeline: 7 sevens (approx 445 BC - 397 BC) 62 sevens (approx 397 BC 32 AD) Anointed One cut off (32/33 AD) People of Ruler Who Will Come destroy Jerusalem and Temple (70 AD) Time of Gentiles no Israel 1 seven (last 7 years of Israel Tribulation in Revelation End Times) Chapters 11 and 12 Alexander the Great Remnants of Greek empire Seleucid (North/Syria) v. Ptolemy (South/Egypt) Antiochus Epiphanes End times
OVERVIEW OF DANIEL - ORGANIZATION Chronologically Ch 1 605BC Introduction Ch 2 603-602BC Nebuchadnezzar s dream of a statue Ch 3 602-562BC Fiery furnace Ch 4 602-562BC Nebuchadnezzar s testimony Ch 7 553BC Vision of 4 Beasts Ch 8 551BC Vision of Goat and Ram Ch 5 539BC Writing on the Wall Ch 6 539-536BC Lion s Den Ch 9 539BC Prayer and Seventy Sevens Ch 10 536BC Vision of Man intro to Ch 11 and 12 Ch 11 536BC Vision of Kings and the End (through 12:4) Ch 12 536BC Conclusion Language Hebrew Ch 1:1-2:3, 8:1-12:13 Aramaic Ch 2:4-7:28 History v. Prophecy History: Ch 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 Prophecy: Ch 2, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 General Middle East/World: Ch 2 & 7 Focused on Israel: Ch 8-12 AUTHOR Daniel and Nebuchadnezzar around 530s BC Someone in Maccabean period around 160 BC PURPOSE God is sovereign Encourage Israel for near future (during exile) Encourage Israel for more extended future (during time up to Messiah) Give time of Messiah Encourage Israel/Christians re: distant future (from Messiah to present) For people in the end times Example of how Israel should live when scattered again in future THEMES Oppressed becomes oppressor Now becomes oppressed again God is following through with promises from Deut 11 & 28 Israel has been worshiping other Gods not light to world Glory God is Glorified by How Daniel and Jews lives in exile Interpreting dreams Fiery furnace Nebuchadnezzar s testimony Daniel s and others administration of Babylon How Prophecies come true How 70 year exile and return comes true
Kingdom God s Kingdom is eternal God is in control of earthly kingdoms God is the main character of Daniel God is faithful to his covenants (Israel continues to exist through exile and 1900 yrs of non-existance ) Abraham create a nation Moses relationship with Nation of Israel David - line of kings God is revealing who He is and how He wants to relate to us Relationship with Daniel Wooing Nebuchadnezzar and Babylonians His faithfulness to the nation of Israel Blessing the world (Babylon and Persia) through Israel (Daniel) Sin moves from individual to society In Chapt 9 Daniel confesses Israel s sin Started/Sustained by Kings of Israel/Judah The nation followed the king PROPHECY Prophecy is amazingly accurate Babylon Medo-Persian Empire Greece Split 4 ways Lead up to Antiochus Antiochus Epiphanes Messiah 70 AD destruction by Rome 1948 AD Israel becomes nation again Prophecy deals with Israel and how it relates to nations around it Prophecy does not necessarily deal with world as a whole as we know it Weeks in Daniel 9 are periods of 7 years Prophetic years are presumed to be 360 day years Based on Jewish Calendar All time calculations are based on 360 day year END TIMES Deals with last 7 years of Israel Predicts Israel becoming a nation again Time between Messiah coming and last 7 years of Israel is glossed over 9:26b