Latin Aeneid Outline Book I Page 1 1-11 Invocation. 1-7 Statement of themes. 8-11 Muse is asked to explain how gods can act so harshly to man. 12-33 Divine Level: Background: the story begins. 12-18 Juno s love for Carthage. 19-22 Danger posed by Troy and its descendants. 23-33 Juno s reasons for hating the Trojans. 34-80 Divine Level: Juno and Aeolus unleash a storm to ruin the Trojans. 34-35 Quick glimpse of the Trojans at sea. 36-39 JUNO (to herself): Am I unable to destroy the Trojans? 39-45 Minerva could kill Ajax.. 46-49 I ve fought with the Trojans for years and now no one will honor me. 50-63 Description of Aeolus and his cave. 64-66 JUNO (to Aeolus): My compliments to you as king of the winds; 67-68 My problem: the Trojans are sailing to Italy; 69-70 My request: destroy them anyway you wish; 71-75 My thanks: I ll give you a beautiful bride and children. 76-80 AEOLUS: Your wish is my command. 81-123 Human Level: The storm strikes Aeneas and his fleet. 81-91 Description of the winds release and the subsequent storm 92-101 AENEAS: I wish I had died nobly back at Troy before my father, where Hector and the other heroes lie dead. 102-123 One ship is destroyed and the fleet is scattered. 124-156 Divine Level: Neptune calms the storm. 124-131 Neptune senses the storm, rises to surface, and summons the winds. 132-141 NEPTUNE: You winds and your king have trespassed in my domain; stop now. 132-147 Neptune and two minor gods calm the seas and free the ships on the sandbars. 148-156 Simile: Neptune is compared to a noble man stopping a riot. 157-222 Human Level: Landing near Carthage. 157-179 The Trojans land in an elaborately described harbor. 180-193 Aeneas searches in vain for his lost ships but does kill 7 deer for his ships. 194-197 Aeneas provides food and drink for a feast. 198-207 AENEAS: We ve been through worse things; we know where we re headed, so let s persevere. 208-222 The Trojans prepare and eat their feast, then lament for their lost comrades. 223-304 Divine Level: Venus laments, Jupiter consoles with a view of future. 223-228 Venus in tears approaches Jupiter. 229-241 VENUS: What about your promises to the Trojans? 241-249 Antenor got his city. 250-253 But your own family doesn t get their just due. 254-262 JUPITER: Don t worry, Aeneas will found his city. 262-266 Aeneas will fulfill his destiny in Italy. 267-272 Ascanius will move the government to Alba Longa. 273-277 Romulus will found the city of Rome. 278-282 I have given them unlimited power, and even Juno will be reconciled. 283-285 Greece will be conquered at some time in the future. 286-290 You will receive Augustus, loaded with spoils, in heaven someday. 291-296 The gates of war will be closed and Furor will be in chains. 297-304 Mercury is sent to Carthage to assure that the Carthaginians are hospitable. 304-407 Human/Divine Level: Aeneas, while scouting, meets Venus. 305-313 Aeneas and Achates go scouting. 314-320 Venus in huntress disguise meets them. 321-324 VENUS: Have you seen one of my sisters wandering around here? 325-334 AENEAS: You must be a goddess! Please help us and I ll sacrifice to you. 335-342 VENUS: You re in Dido s Carthage, and I ll tell her story. 343-370 Dido married Sychaeus, the richest man in Phoenicia; he was killed by her greedy brother, King Pygmalion, who concealed his crime; Sychaeus ghost appeared in a dream to Dido, who seized the buried treasure and sailed away to found a city in Africa.
Latin Aeneid Outline Book I Page 2 371-385 AENEAS: We are Trojans heading to Italy, who have suffered grievously. 386-401 VENUS: Keep on the road to Carthage; I see an omen of the swans and that means your fleet is safe. 402-409 AENEAS (recognizing his fleeing mother): Why can t we talk normally? 410-417 Venus encloses him in a cloud of invisibility and heads to Paphos. 418-493 Human Level: Aeneas enters Carthage. 418-429 Aeneas catches his first sight of the Carthaginians building their new city. 430-436 Simile of the workers compared to bees building a hive. 437-440 Aeneas wishes he were building his city. 441-449 Description of Juno s grove and temple in the middle of Carthage. 450-458 Aeneas experiences hope as he sees a mural depicting Troy s fall. 459-463 AENEAS: Achates, Troy s glorious fall will bring us some help. 464-493 A description (ecphrasis) of the mural, with Aeneas tearful reactions: 466-468 Two panels of Greeks fleeing the Trojans and Achilles chasing the Trojans. 469-473 Rhesus and the loss of his horses. 474-478 The death of Troilus at Achilles hands. 479-482 The Trojan women weep as they worship Minerva in vain. 483-487 Hector ransoms the corpse of Hector from Achilles. 488-489 Aeneas recognizes himself amidst the fighting figures. 490-493 Penthesilea, the Amazon queen, charges to war, heading her army. 494-578 Human Level: Dido meets the men from Aeneas lost ships. 494-506 Dido enters with her attendants; a simile of Dido compared to Diana. 507-519 The leaders of the lost ships enter, but Aeneas and Achates remain in the cloud. 520-529 ILIONEUS: We Trojans aren t here to plunder your lands. 530-538 We headed for Italy but a storm drove us off course. 539-543 What kind of people are this barbaric and drive all strangers away? 544-549 Our king was Aeneas and you will not regret helping us? 549-560 We re heading to Sicily or Italy, depending on whether Aeneas still lives. 561-564 DIDO: Don t be upset, I have to guard my new kingdom. 565-568 Who hasn t heard of Troy? 569-578 I ll help you go to either Sicily or Italy, or you can stay here with me, but I wish that Aeneas himself were here. 579-656 Human Level: Aeneas meets Dido and they exchange greetings. 579-585 ACHATES: Let s get out of cloud. It s just like your mother said it would be. 586-593 Aeneas emerges, drenched with beauty by Venus; a simile of his beauty to that of natural objects enhanced by the addition of silver or gold. 594-596 AENEAS: I am Trojan Aeneas. 597-610 We could never thank you properly for your great generosity. What great parents bore you. I ll always remember you, wherever I go. 610-612 Aeneas greets his lost friends. 613-616 DIDO: What brings you here? Are you the Aeneas? 617-626 I heard about you from Teucer, who was your enemy but admired your people s bravery. 627-630 Because of my experiences, I ve learned to help those in need. 631-635 She escorts Aeneas into palace and sends food to the ships. 636-642 Description of the inner palace and the preparations for the feast. 643-646 Achates is sent by Aeneas to fetch Iulus. 647-656 Achates also has to bring back gifts from Troy: Helen s clothing, Ilione s scepter and jewels. 657-696 Divine Level: Venus plots with Cupid 657-663 Venus is troubled in spirit because of possible further acts by Juno. 664-672 VENUS: Cupid, you have to help me because you know what troubles Aeneas has suffered at Juno s hands and now he is delayed by Dido. 673-676 I have a plan, and please listen. 677-688 Disguise yourself as the boy Iulus and at the banquet make Dido fall in love with Aeneas. 689-696 Cupid agrees, Venus takes Ascanius away to Idalia, and Cupid in disguise goes to Carthage with Achates and the gifts for Dido.
Latin Aeneid Outline Book I Page 3 697-756 Human Level: The banquet at Dido s palace in honor of Aeneas. 697-708 Preparations for the feast and the entry of the various guests. 709-714 Reactions of the guests to the gifts, especially of Dido to the gifts and the boy. 715-722 Cupid attacks Dido and fills her with love for Aeneas. 723-727 As the food is removed, the lights are lit for the conversation to follow. 728-730 A ceremonial cup is passed around to start the drinking. 731-735 DIDO: May Jupiter, god of hospitality, make this day memorable for both Tyrians and Trojans, and may Juno and Bacchus celebrate this meeting. 736-740 Dido challenges Bitias to drink from the cup and he spills it on himself. 741-747 The bard Iopas sings of the world s natural phenomena, to great applause. 748-752 Dido, already in love, asks questions about the war and its warriors. 753-756 DIDO: Aeneas, tell me about your misfortunes and wanderings.
Latin Aeneid Outline Book II Page 1 1-12 Introduction 1-9 AENEAS: It s painful to remember Troy s fall and its fate. 10-12 But if you wish, I will tell you. 12-56 The Greeks leave; Trojans find a wooden horse; Laocoon attacks the horse 12-20 The Greeks build and fill a wooden horse with Minerva s help. 21-24 The Greeks leave and hide at Tenedos. 25-30 The Trojans come out and wander through the Greek camp. 31-34 Thymoetes urges the horse be brought inside Troy. 35-39 Capys et al. urge burning it; the crowd is unsure. 40-49 LAOCOON: Do you trust Greeks? This is some enemy trick. 50-56 Laocoon hurls a spear but none hear any noise in the horse because fate is against Troy. 57-198 Sinon episode 57-67 Sinon is led in chains into the midst of the Trojans. 68-71 SINON: What hope is there for me? 72-76 The Trojans check their urge to kill and bid him speak. 77-80 SINON: I ll tell the truth - I am a Greek. 81-100 The story of Palamedes death through Ulysses lies and Sinon s desire for revenge; Ulysses takes steps to stop this with the help of Calchas and - 101-104 But you Trojans don t care - go ahead, kill me as the Greeks want. 105-107 The Trojans are ensnared by his story as he hesitates. 108-113 SINON: The Greeks wanted to leave, especially after the horse was built. 114-121 The Greeks sent to the oracle, which said, Sacrifice a Greek. Everybody was afraid. 122-131 Ulysses gets Calchas to pick me after 10 days all the others are relieved. 132-136 Ready for sacrifice, I escape and hide until Greeks leave. 137-140 I have no hope of returning home and my family will be punished. 141-144 Have mercy on me. 145-151 PRIAM: Free his chains; tell me the purpose of this horse. 152-161 SINON: It is permitted to break faith with the Greeks and tell you the whole truth. 162-175 Ever since her statue was stolen, Minerva s been against the Greeks. 176-182 Calchas said the Greeks had to return home and reconcile the gods. 183-194 Calchas ordered that a horse be built to atone for the theft, but built so big it couldn t be taken into Troy to protect the Trojans. 195-198 Trojans believe Sinon and are really doomed from here on. 199-233 Laocoon Episode 199-211 Laocoon is sacrificing as 2 horrible snakes arrive from Tenedos. 212-224 The Trojans flee; the snakes attack his children and then Laocoon; a simile of Laocoon to a bull. 225-227 The snakes flee to the temple of Minerva and hide under her statue s feet. 228-233 The Trojans are convinced and order the horse be led into Troy. 234-267 The Horse enters 234-240 The walls are opened and the youths pull the horse into Troy. 241-245 Even though it stops 4 times, the work continues. 246-249 Cassandra warns against the horse, but is not believed. 250-253 Night falls on the exhausted Trojans. 254-264 The Greek fleet returns and signals for Sinon to let the men out of the horse. 265-267 The Greeks join forces and attack the sleeping Trojans. 268-297 Hector appears to Aeneas 268-279 Hector appears in Aeneas dream as he was in death, foul with gore and dust. 279-286 AENEAS: How glad I am to see you! But what has happened? 287-292 HECTOR: Troy has fallen and you can t save it - nor could I - escape now! 293-297 Take the gods of Troy and found a new city. 298-437 Aeneas first experiences in the fall of Troy 298-303 The noise of battle awakens Aeneas who climbs to the roof top. 304-308 Simile of Aeneas to a shepherd hearing approaching danger. 309-317 Aeneas sees the fires, hears the noise, and decides to join the fight and die. 318-322 AENEAS (to Panthus, arriving at his door): What s wrong? 323-335 PANTHUS: Troy has fallen and the Greeks hold the city. 336-346 Aeneas is swept into war by these words and gathers a band of warriors. 347-354 AENEAS: The gods are against us, so let us die with honor and courage. 355-358 Simile of Trojan warriors to ravenous wolves defending their young. 358-369 The men make their way through a city full of destruction and carnage. 370-375 A Greek named ANDROGEOS meets them, asks: Where have you Greeks been?
Latin Aeneid Outline Book II Page 2 376-382 He stops as he realizes his mistake; simile of a man stepping on a snake. 383-385 Androgeos and his men are killed by Aeneas and his Trojans. 386-391 The Trojan COROEBUS: Let s disguise ourselves with Greek weapons and armor. 392-401 The Trojans agree and proceed to rout small groups of Greeks. 402-406 Cassandra is being dragged in chains from the Temple of Minerva. 407-409 Coroebus, her fiancé, rushes to her rescue. 410-415 Aeneas band is attacked by Greeks and by mistake by Trojans on temple roof. 416-419 Simile of a battle to a clash of winds. 420-430 The Trojans drop, one by one. 431-437 Aeneas asserts he fought bravely enough to merit death, but survived. 438-558 At the center of the fight, the royal palace, Priam, the king of Troy, dies. 438-452 The intense battle rages most fiercely at Priam s palace. 453-468 Aeneas enters by a back door, climbs to the roof, and throws down pieces of roof on the ever-assaulting Greeks. 469-475 Pyrrhus appears in doorway; simile of Pyrrhus compared to a fresh snake. 476-482 The Greeks advance into the house with brute force. 483-495 The scene within: women wailing, walls and doors smashed, Greeks killing. 496-499 Simile of the Greeks to an advancing river flood. 500-505 Aeneas says he was an eyewitness to the fight in the inner palace. 506-511 Priam arms to defend himself and his home against the Greeks. 512-517 At an altar in the center of the palace Hecuba and Priam s daughters sit. 518-525 HECUBA: Are you crazy? Not even Hector could help. Sit here with me for protection. 526-532 Polites, pursued by Pyrrhus, pours out his lifeblood at his father s feet. 533-543 PRIAM (reproaching Pyrrhus): May the gods repay you for your cruelty. You re not the man your father Achilles was. 544-546 Priam hurls his useless weapon at Pyrrhus. 547-550 PYRRHUS: Go tell my dead father how bad I am! Now die! 551-553 Pyrrhus kills Priam at the altar as the old man slips in his son s blood. 554-558 Priam s headless corpse lies in the shore, the sad end of a great king. 559-633 Aeneas sees Helen but Venus shows him the gods destroying Troy. 559-566 Aeneas thinks of home: wife, father and son; he realizes he s alone now. 567-574 He sees Helen, cowering at an altar in fear of both Greeks and Trojans. 575-582 AENEAS (to himself): Is she to go home while Troy is burned? 583-587 No! Even though there s no honor in killing a woman, I ll kill her. 588-593 Venus appears as her goddess self to Aeneas. 594-600 VENUS: Why don t you think of your family, whom I ve protected thus far? 601-603 Helen and Paris aren t destroying Troy - the gods are. 604-618 Look (with cleared vision) at Neptune, Juno, Minerva, & Jupiter breaking down the walls. 619-625 Save your family. I ll help you. She disappears and the gods continue. 626-631 Simile of Troy to a tree chopped down. 632-633 Aeneas heads home. 634-727 The scene at home 634-638 At home Aeneas finds Anchises unwilling to go into exile. 638-649 ANCHISES: You healthy people flee! I ve survived one sack, that s enough; leave my corpse here - the enemy will take pity and kill me. My life has been useless ever since Jupiter blasted me. 650-656 Despite family pleas Anchises refuses to leave. 657-664 AENEAS: Did you think I d abandon you? If you want us all to die, Pyrrhus will soon be here. 665-667 Oh Venus, did you save me so I could see my family killed? 668-670 Let me return to battle. 671-678 As Aeneas arms himself, CREUSA begs: Don t abandon your family! 679-686 An omen appears: a tongue of fire burns around the head of Iulus 687-691 ANCHISES: "Oh Jupiter, confirm this omen for us. 692-698 A shooting star crashes down on Mt. Ida. 699-704 ANCHISES: I give in, I will go as my son s companion into exile. 705-712 Aeneas give instructions to his household on where to meet outside Troy. 713-716 AENEAS: Let s meet at the deserted temple of Ceres outside the city. 717-720 Anchises. please carry the holy objects because I am ritually unclean.
Latin Aeneid Outline Book II Page 3 721-725 They leave the house. 726-804 Creusa disappears. 726-729 They make their way through the dark city. 730-737 Everything frightens Aeneas; Anchises sees the enemy; they leave the main road. 738-744 Creusa gets lost somehow. 745-751 Aeneas is heart-broken and decides to return to the city. 752-767 He retraces his steps, even to Priam s palace, and sees Troy in ruins. 768-774 As he calls her name, Creusa s ghost appears. 775-779 CREUSA S GHOST: The gods are taking care of me - don t worry. 780-784 Go found Italy, get a new wife. 785-789 I will serve Cybele; love our son. 790-794 She flees his grasp three times as he weeps. 795-804 Aeneas returns to Mt. Ida, finds a crowd ready for exile, picks up his father, and heads for the mountains at dawn.
Latin Aeneid Outline Book III Page 1 1-12 Gathered at Mt. Ida, the Trojans sail in a new fleet at direction of Anchises. 1-8 With Troy destroyed by the gods, exile in a deserted land is decreed by auguries; so a fleet is built, men are gathered for an uncertain future. 8-12 As summer starts, at Anchises order, I set sail from the area of Troy with my men, my son, the great gods, and the Penates of Troy. 13-68 The first attempt to settle in Thrace; the unhappy story of Polydorus. 13-18 On the coast of Thrace, in a land where King Lycurgus had been a friend of Troy, I build my first city, calling it Aeneadae after myself. 19-30 Sacrificing to Venus, I pull cornel and myrtle bushes from a nearby mound; blood emerges in drops, staining the ground and chilling my spirit. 31-33 A second attempt produces the same dreadful result: blood. 34-40 After I pray to the Nymphs and Mars, the god of Thrace, a third pull at the bushes elicits a sad groan from within the mound. 41-46 Don t violate my tomb, but flee this greedy land. I am Trojan Polydorus. 47-56 Stunned with fear, I recall the story of Polydorus: Priam, worried about the siege of Troy, sent the boy to be reared in Thrace by the king, who, when Troy fell to Agamemnon, broke his treaty, killed Polydorus, and seized the gold. 56-57 Apostrophe by Aeneas the narrator, lamenting the passion for gold that drives men. 57-61 I bring the omen to my people and Anchises, who unanimously agree to leave this polluted land at once. 62-68 I perform the proper funeral rites for Polydorus, putting his spirit to rest. 69-120 The Trojans head to Delos for a consultation with the oracle. 69-72 As soon as possible the Trojans leave Thrace behind them. 73-77 The holy island of Delos, sacred to the gods, especially Apollo, who has anchored the oncefloating island that offered his mother a birth-place for her children by Jupiter. 78-83 Greeted and welcomed by King/Priest Anius, who recognizes Anchises as a friend, I begin praying at once at the temple: 84-89 Grant a secure and lasting home to the Trojans who have survived the Greeks. Where should we go? Give us a sign. 90-93 At once the entire area is shaken and a voice comes to their ears: 94-98 Seek your original land, which will receive you back with riches; seek your ancient mother. There the house of Aeneas and its descendants will rule over all the shores. 99-102 As all wonder what walls Apollo means, Anchises provides his interpretation: 103-113 Crete, island of a hundred cities, was home of Teucer, who came to Rhoetean shores, before Troy and its citadel stood. Crete was also home of Cybele, the Magna Mater. 114-117 Let us follow the god s advice and with Jupiter s help we will soon be there. 118-120 Anchises sacrifices a bull each to Neptune and Apollo, and sheep to the winter and to the West Wind. 121-191 The second attempt to settle in Crete: a new Pergamum, plague, and a new direction indicated by the Penates, confirmed by Anchises. 121-131 The rumor that Idomeneus, a major Greek leader at Troy, has abandoned Crete encourages the Trojans as they sail through the Cyclades Islands to the shore of Crete, saying: We seek Crete and our ancestors. 131-137 A new city is walled, called Pergamum, and the Trojans busy themselves with the work of a new civilization. 137-142 A plague strikes men and crops, followed by a scorching drought. 143-146 Anchises advises another consultation at Delos with the oracle. 147-153 The Trojan Penates appear to me as I sleep. 154-160 We, who have followed you and will give power to your race and city, will tell you what Apollo would tell you at Delos. Don t give up. 161-171 Apollo did not mean Crete, but Hesperia, now called Italy after its ruler. Dardanus, founder of our race, came from there. Jupiter denies you Crete. 172-178 Awakened from sleep, awe-struck, I offer pure gifts at the hearth/altar. 178-182 Informed of the dream, Anchises realizes that he has misread the omen because of Troy s double ancestry.
Latin Aeneid Outline Book III Page 2 182-188 Cassandra used to speak of Hesperia, but no one listened to her. Let s follow Apollo and do as we are told. 189-191 All agree and set sail at once, leaving everything they had built. 192-277 The three-day storm and the island of the Harpies. 192 208 Once out of sight of land, a storm blocks out night and day for all, including the chief helmsman Palinurus; we wander for three days in a mist until on the fourth smoke and mountains are seen, and happily the men row for land. 209-218 This is one of the Strophades Islands, set in the Ionian Sea, where the Harpies, led by Celaeno, dwell; they are foul birds, with virgins faces, always hungry. 219-224 The Trojans land, killing the cattle and goats they find. After sacrificing to the gods, they recline for a rich feast on the shore. 225-228 The Harpies attack with their wings and follow everything they touch. 229-233 In a protected shelter the feast is again attacked and polluted by the Harpies. 234-237 I declare war on the Harpies and the men hide their weapons amid the grass before the next attack. 238-244 At the trumpeter Misenus signal, a battle begins, from which the Harpies depart unwounded and with the food fouled. 245-246 Celaeno stood on a high rock to proclaim: 247-252 Do you children of Laomedon treat the guiltless Harpies thus, killing our cattle and driving us from our land. I have a prophecy from Jupiter to Apollo to me for you. 253-257 You will reach Italy but, before you can build your city, a dreadful hunger will force you to eat your tables. 258-264 As she departs, my companions panicked and asked me to make peace with these creatures, until Anchises prayed with a loud voice: 265-266 O gods, turn away such threats and misfortune; protect this pious race. 266-277 We sail away, past various Greek islands, including Ithaca, home of savage Ulysses, until we reach the region of the promontory of Leucata and go ashore at a small city (Actium). 278-293 The Games at Actium and the establishment of the shield monument. 278-283 The Trojans, delighted to have sailed past so many Greeks, celebrate with traditional games and sacrifices. 284-288 I set up a shield as a memorial of the events, with this inscription: Aeneas gives these weapons from the victorious Greeks. 289-293 We set sail and approach Buthrotum. 294-505 The stay at Buthrotum. 294-299 Here a rumor, that Helenus, son of Priam, rules over the Greek city of Pyrrhus and has taken Andromache, Hector s wife, as his wife, fires me up to find out the truth in person. 300-309 As I approach from the harbor, Andromache comes out to the empty tomb of Hector to perform her yearly mourning. When she recognizes me in my Trojan armor, she faints, finally recovering to ask: 310-312 Is it really you Aeneas? Or if I have died, where is Hector? 312-314 As she weeps, I respond briefly, upset: 315-319 I live indeed, through all my difficulties. But what has happened to Andromache, wife of Hector? Do you preserve the marriage of Pyrrhus? 320-324 Sad and with a low voice she replies: Priam s daughter, sacrificed at Achilles tomb, was lucky to escape a master s bed in slavery. 325-336 I endured Pyrrhus bed and bore his child, until he sought Menelaus daughter by Helen. I was passed on as a slave to his slave Helenus. When Neoptolemus was killed by Orestes, angered over his stolen bride, Helenus inherited part of this land and has called the area Chaonia, building a Trojan citadel of Pergamum. 337-343 What has driven you here? Does Ascanius miss his mother? Do Hector and you serve as models of courage and manliness for him? 344-348 As she weeps, Helenus approaches and recognizes us, and leads us within his city. 349-355 We enter, recognizing a little Troy, carefully crafted after the original in every way. We sit down to a rich feast as King Helenus prays and offers libations. 356-368 Time passes quickly, and the sails are filled with the inviting winds; I approach the prophet-king and ask: O most learned prophet of Apollo, since the gods have told me to seek
Latin Aeneid Outline Book III Page 3 Italy and only Celaeno has predicted any harm, tell me what dangers to avoid or how I can best achieve such great labors. 369-380 After performing proper sacrifices to you, Apollo, Helenus leads me to your doorway where, inspired by your divine power, he predicts: I can only tell you a few things to make your trip to Italy safer, even though your mission is sanctioned by Jupiter; the Fates and Juno forbid me to know or speak more. 381-387 Italy is not close, and first you must sail around Sicily, the lake of the Underworld, and Aeaea, Circe s island, before you reach your city s site. 388-393 When you find under an oak a white pig with thirty white piglets around her, then you will have found your site. 394-395 Don t worry about eating the tables; the fates will find a way, and Apollo will also be there when called. 396-402 Avoid the Italy that lies across the Adriatic; Greeks have settled everywhere. 403-409 When you land, veil your hair with a purple mantle, so that no enemy s face can stop the ceremony. Pass this practice on to all future generations. 410-432 Avoid Scylla and Charybdis (the straits of Messina); sail around Sicily, even if it is a long route. 433-440 If I know anything of prophecy and if Apollo inspires me, the most important thing is to always win Juno over with prayers and gifts. 441-452 When you reach Cumae and Avernus, you will find an inspired priestess, who writes her words on leaves that blow apart as soon as the door is opened; she does not put them back in order, and so men hate the Sibyl. 453-460 Here, no matter what, make sure that she sings her prophecies in your presence, telling you of the peoples and wars that will come in Italy, and what you should do. 461-462 This is all I am allowed to tell you; your role is to carry Troy to the heavens by your deeds. 463-474 After he finishes, Helenus presents me with lavish gifts; then he presents Anchises with gifts, and also supplies horses and guides, and even refurbishes my ships and crew. As Anchises orders us to fit the fleet with sails, Helenus says: 475-481 O honored Anchises, twice saved from Troy; here is Ausonian Italy, but glide past this shore and go the long path of Apollo. But why do I waste time? 482-491 A sad Andromache presents Ascanius with a Phrygian scarf and other gifts, saying: Take these gifts as reminders of Hector s Andromache. Oh, how much you look like my son Astyanax in every way. 492-505 I replied in tears: Live happy in your restored Troy, free from the Greeks and with good omens. If I ever found my city, the Trojans of Italy and of Epirus will make new the spirit of Troy. 506-547 The Trojans proceed, reaching Arx Minervae (Castrum Minervae) and seeing an omen of four white horses. 506-520 We sail past the Ceraunian mountains, then put ashore for some much-needed sleep. But before midnight Palinurus wakes us because the winds and stars are most favorable. 521-529 At dawn, Italy is spotted as Achates raises the cry and Anchises makes a libation to the gods, praying: O gods of land and sea, help us on our journey. 530-538 As we enter the harbor of Arx Minervae, I see four white horses grazing over the plain. 539-543 Anchises interprets: These horses are signs for both war and peace. 544-547 Veiled as Helenus instructed, we sacrifice to Minerva and to Juno. 548-587 The Trojans sail past Tarentum and with Etna in sight row hard past Scylla and Charybdis; they spend a sleepless night on the shore near the erupting volcano. 548-554 We leave Greek lands and sail across the Gulf of Tarentum towards Mt. Etna. 555-560 As we hear the noisy sea and the pounded rocks, Anchises cries out: This is the Charybdis Helenus warned about; row for our lives. 561-569 With the rowers efforts and Palinurus expert guidance, we make it safely to the shores of the Cyclops (Sicily). 570-587 Nearby Etna erupts through the night, terrifying us as we hide in the forests, unable to see or understand what was happening. The giant Enceladus, blasted by the thunderbolt, lies beneath Etna, which trembles whenever he turns his body.
Latin Aeneid Outline Book III Page 4 588-681 The Trojans find Achaemenides, an abandoned member of Ulysses crew, hear his story, and encounter the Cyclops. 588-599 The next morning a dirty figure appears on the shore, a Greek from the Trojan War, who rushes up to us, despite our Trojan weapons, and begs: 599-606 Take me with you, even though I am a Greek. Or kill me horribly if necessary; it is better to die at the hands of men. 607-612 We urge the suppliant to tell us who he is and what his story is; Anchises gives his hand and cheers the man by this gesture. With fear put aside, he begins: 613-615 I am Achaemenides, whose poor father sent him as a companion of unlucky Ulysses to the Trojan War. 616-628 My panicked companions deserted me in the Cyclops cave. The cave is monstrous and bloody and he is an unfriendly giant and a devourer of men. I saw him kill and eat two of our men in his cave. 628-638 But Ulysses took vengeance, boring through his one giant eye with a heated stake. 639-654 Flee at once, for a hundred other Cyclopes roam these hills. For three months I have lived on berries, nuts and roots, hiding in the woods in fear for my life. You are the first fleet I have seen and I place myself freely in your power. It is better to escape this tribe and die at your hands. 655-665 As he finishes the blind Polyphemus makes his way to shore to rinse his bleeding wound amid much gnashing of teeth. 666-681 When he sensed our presence as we fled with Achaemenides, he pursued us. Unable to reach us, he raised a cry, summoning the other Cyclopes, who appear like lofty trees on the ridges surrounding the harbor. 681-718 We escaped past Scylla, sailing along the coast of Sicily to Drepanum, where Anchises died unexpectedly; a storm then drove me here to Carthage. 681-706 As we sail past Scylla, Achaemenides points out the places he knew from his trip with Ulysses. We sail on past many places in Sicily, worshipping the great divine powers of the land, especially at Arethusa. 707-714 At Drepanum, Anchises died without warning, which no one had predicted or cursed him with. This was the hardest part of my journey. 715 A god then drove me as I left Drepanum to your shore. 716-718 Aeneas ends the story of the gods fates and his wanderings, with all attentively listening.
Latin Aeneid Outline Book IV Page 1 1-89 Dido, in Love, Talks with Anna. 1-5 Dido is in love, wounded and on fire. 6-8 At dawn she addresses her sympathetic sister. 9-14 DIDO: What a man! What a life he s had! 15-23 Although resolved on celibacy after Sychaeus death, this man could change my mind. 24-30 But may I die if I break my vow to Sychaeus. She weeps. 31-34 ANNA: Why not love Aeneas? The dead don t care. 45-44 You ve rejected all your suitors. Look around the country - you re in danger. 45-49 The gods have brought him here to make Carthage great. 50-53 Just keep him here until the winter and bad sailing weather sets in. 54-55 Dido gives in to love and releases her sense of shame. 56-64 Dido and Anna sacrifice at the altars to Ceres, Apollo, Bacchus, and Juno. 65-69 Dido is consumed by passions. 69-73 SIMILE of Dido to a deer wounded by an unsuspecting shepherd. 74-79 Dido hangs on Aeneas every word. 80-89 Dido, thinking only of Aeneas, neglects her city and royal responsibilities. 90-128 Juno and Venus Plan the Marriage of Aeneas and Dido. 90-92 Juno sees what s going on and addresses Venus. 93-95 JUNO: It s really fair when two gods gang up on one woman. 96-101 What s the point of more fighting when you ve got Dido so in love already? 102-104 Let s share the power: Dido will be a slave (wife) to Aeneas. 105-107 Venus sees Juno s hidden plans and prepares a reply: 107-109 VENUS: I m willing - who would want to fight with you? 110-112 But I'm not sure if Jupiter will approve this marriage and treaty. 113-114 You re his wife; so you find out and get his approval. 114-116 JUNO: I ll take care of that. Now listen to my plan. 117-119 Dido and Aeneas go out to hunt at dawn. 120-125 I will send a great storm, everyone scatters and the lovers wind up in a cave. 125-127 I ll be there and with your approval I will join them in marriage. 127-128 Venus knowingly smiles her agreement. 129-172 The Marriage in the Storm. 129-141 At dawn everyone is getting ready, especially Dido. 141-150 Aeneas enters. SIMILE of Aeneas compared to Apollo in terms of beauty. 151-159 The hunt proceeds, with Ascanius eagerly in the thick of it. 160-168 The storm arrives, Dido and Aeneas flee to a cave, and the marriage occurs. 169-172 This day begins Dido s downfall, when she considers this a real marriage. 173-218 Rumor Spreads the Story, Even to Iarbas, a Rejected Suitor. 173-177 Rumor has speed, strength and size. 178-180 Earth, angered at the gods, spawned this creature. 181-183 Rumor has an unusual appearance: eyes, mouths, and ears in abundance. 184-188 Rumor works night and day to spread truth or lies. 189-195 Rumor sings the story of Dido and Aeneas affair. 196-197 Rumor tells Iarbas the story and enrages him. 198-205 A pious, respected son of Jupiter, Iarbas goes to the altar of his divine father. 206-210 IARBAS: Have we prayed to you, a false god with no power? 211-218 We let Dido in here in this country, but now she has chosen this half-man instead of me, who is worshipping a god with no real power. 219-278 Jupiter Notices What Has Happened and Intervenes Through Mercury. 219-222 Jupiter notices the forgetful lovers after Iarbas prayer and calls Mercury. 223-226 JUPITER: Carry my commands down to Aeneas. 227-231 His mother promised he would rule Italy and start a noble race. 232-237 Let him at least think of Ascanius and leave at once. 238-258 Mercury dons his wings and flies down to Aeneas by way of the Atlas Mountains. 259-264 Mercury lands to find Aeneas building Carthage and dressed in Dido s gifts. 265-276 MERCURY: "Why are you building here? Jupiter sent me to tell you to leave. Why waste time here? If not for yourself, at least do what you should for your son Ascanius. 276-278 Mercury finishes and vanishes into the thin air. 279-407 Aeneas and Dido Quarrel About His Departure.
Latin Aeneid Outline Book IV Page 2 279-295 Aeneas ponders his situation, then orders his men to get ready to sail. 296-303 Dido finds out. SIMILE of Dido to a frenzied Bacchant. 304-313 DIDO: "Did you hope to sneak away? Do I mean so little to you? Would you sail in this weather if Troy still stood? 314-319 Please, I beg you, change your mind. 320-326 Because of you I m hated by my neighbors and by my own people. 327-330 If only I had your baby, I wouldn t be so unhappy. 331-336 AENEAS: I don t regret loving you and will always remember you. 337-339 In my defense, I made no promises of marriage. 340-344 If I could, I would be back rebuilding Troy. 345-347 I leave for Italy only because the gods say I must. 348-350 Why begrudge the Trojans a foreign home when you have one in Carthage? 351-355 My father Anchises in a dream has warned me to leave. 356-359 Now the gods themselves have personally warned me to leave. 360-361 Stop complaining. I seek Italy not willingly. 362-364 Dido rolls her eyes in anger 365-370 DIDO: He s not born of humans? Is he bothered by anything I could do? 371-375 Don t the gods see? I m the one who saved him when he was in trouble? 376-380 Now he claims that the gods are making him leave. Sure! 381-387 Go to Italy, but take my curses with you. 388-392 Dido collapses and is carried back to her bedroom. 393-401 Aeneas returns to his eager and busy men. 402-407 SIMILE of busy crew compared to busy ants. 408-473 Dido Tries Every Means to Keep Aeneas in Carthage. 408-411 Oh Dido, what thoughts you must have had as you saw Aeneas departing! 412-415 Oh Love, what won t you force lovesick people like Dido to do! 416-424 DIDO: "Anna, Aeneas is leaving, and you must ask him one favor for me, because you alone are accepted by him. 425-429 Why is he leaving me when I m not a Greek who sacked his city? 429-436 One final request: stay until I can deal with my grief. I ll return the favor at my death. 437-440 Anna pleads with Aeneas but he will not listen to her words. 441-449 SIMILE of Aeneas to a tree with deep roots buffeted by winds. 450-451 Dido resolves to die because to live is painful. 452-473 That night Dido experiences numerous bad omens: 452-456 While she sacrifices, the water turns black, wine becomes blood. 457-465 Voices are heard from Sychaeus shrine, an owl hoots mournfully, and old prophecies seem to be coming true, to her horror. 465-468 In her dreams Aeneas hunts her down or she wanders alone in a desert. 468-473 SIMILE of the mad Dido to the crazed Pentheus and the maddened Orestes, both figures from Greek tragedy. 474-553 Dido Builds a Pyre, Makes Sacrifices, and Laments Her Fate. 474-477 Dido, her plan resolved and her face composed, approaches Anna for help. 478-491 DIDO: I ve found a powerful priestess to help me resolve this problem. 492-498 I do this magic reluctantly. You must help by building a pyre to burn everything associated with Aeneas. 499-503 Anna, suspecting nothing, agrees to help. 504-521 As the pyre is built, the priestess and Dido perform the magic rites, invoking Erebus, Chaos, and Hecate. 522-528 In the peaceful night all creatures settle down to rest. 529-533 Dido tosses and turns on a sea of troubles. 534-536 DIDO (to herself): Should I go back to my rejected suitors? 537-541 Should I follow the Trojan ships because the men will take pity on me? 541-546 Should I make my people go over the sea again? 547-553 Die as you deserve. Oh Anna, you put me in the middle of this mess. I didn t keep my promise to Sychaeus ashes. She breaks into lamentation. 554-583 When Mercury Reappears in a Dream, Aeneas and His Men Depart. 554-559 As Aeneas sleeps on boat, Mercury appears in his dream.
Latin Aeneid Outline Book IV Page 3 560-570 MERCURY: Flee while you can! It s dangerous to stay because you can t trust a woman to be rational. 571-572 Aeneas wakes and springs into action. 573-579 AENEAS: Board the ships at once. The god orders us to leave. Help us, oh god. 579-583 The men immediately launch the ships in a frenzy of action. 584-629 Dido s Grand Soliloquy: Regrets and Curses. 584-590 Dido awakens, finds the Trojans have left, and breaks into a lament. 590-591 DIDO: Will he leave unpunished after mocking us? 592-594 My people, get your ships and pursue him now! 595-596 What am I saying? 597-606 I should have killed him and his son while I had the chance. 607-612 Oh Sun, Juno, Hecate, avenging Furies, and gods of dying me, hear me now. 612-620 If Aeneas must reach Italy, fine. But let him be troubled by a war, be an exile, be separated from Iulus, see his people die, and not live to enjoy his unfair peace. 621-624 Let there be no peace between my people and the Romans. 625-629 May some avenger arise to keep this hatred alive in continuous warfare. 630-671 Dismissing Barce, Dido Climbs Pyre, Laments, and Stabs Herself. 630-631 Dido resolves to die as quickly as possible. 632-641 DIDO (to Barce): Go fetch my sister to help in these magic rites. 642-650 In a crazed state Dido climbs the pyre, draws Aeneas sword, and surveys the things that remind her of Aeneas. 651-652 DIDO: May I be free from all these sorrows. 653-656 I have accomplished much in my life: a city built, a husband avenged. 657-658 If only the Trojans had never come here in their ships! 659-660 We must die now, unavenged. 661-662 Let Aeneas carry away the omens of my death. 663-668 As Dido collapses on the sword, a great cry echoes through the city. 669-671 SIMILE of the noise to that of an enemy destroying a great city. 672-705 Anna Arrives Too Late as Dido Dies, Finally Released to Death by Iris. 672-674 A breathless Anna arrives to find her sister dying. 675-681 ANNA: You tricked me, you ve abandoned me. I should have been able to die with you after I built this funeral pyre. 682-683 You ve destroyed yourself, me, your people and your city. 683-685 Let me wash your wounds and catch your dying last breath. 685-692 Anna embraces Dido who struggles to die and groans because she can t. 693-699 Juno sends Iris down to release Dido from her struggle to die before her time. 700-702 Iris lands on earth and stands at Dido s head. 702-703 IRIS: I cut a lock of your hair and enable you to die. 704-705 Dido dies as Iris cuts the hair and disappears.
Latin Aeneid Outline Book V Page 1 1-41 Departure from Carthage with a look back; a storm-shortened trip to Sicily. 1-7 As Aeneas sails into the North Wind, the Trojans sense that the fire-lit walls of Carthage are a sad omen because of the enraged queen and her thwarted love. 8-25 Faced with a storm and no land in sight, Palinurus cries out to Neptune, asking: What are you preparing for us? He orders the men to row with the sails turned to the side, telling Aeneas: Since the storm is so bad, let us seek the shores of Sicily. 26-31 Aeneas: Change course; I am glad to visit Sicily, where my father Anchises is buried. 32-41 The ships glide safely into port, watched by the Trojan king of Sicily, Acestes, who welcomes his returning fellow-countrymen. 42-103 Aeneas announces the ceremonies to celebrate the anniversary of Anchises death: a sacrifice at the tomb today with games to follow the next day. 42-44 The next morning, Aeneas addresses the gathered men: 45-71 It has been a year since my father s death and I must perform the proper rituals, which I will continue every year once my city is founded; on the ninth day I ordain contests of boat-racing, foot-racing, archery, and boxing. Now let us sacrifice. 72-83 Accompanied by Ascanius and others, Aeneas makes libations at his father s tomb, saying: Alas, I saved you but you were not allowed to reach Italy with me. 84-93 A snake with seven coils crawls amidst the offerings, tastes them, and leaves the altars, all to Aeneas amazement. 94-103 Unsure whether this is the manifestation of a local deity or his father s spirit, Aeneas and his men complete the sacrifices and the feast. 104-285 The Boat-Race 104-113 The people gather for the contests, drawn by the name of Aeneas, and the prizes are spread out on display. 114-123 The boat race draws four entrants: Mnestheus on the Pristis, Gyas on the Chimaera, Sergestus on the Centaur, and Cloanthus on the Scylla; all were founders of patrician families. 124-138 The course is set: out to a rock marked by an ilex and back to shore. Lots are drawn and all the boats line up, eager for the start. 139-150 At the trumpet sound the ships leap forward, like the chariots in a race. 151-158 Gyas leads, Cloanthus is second, and Mnestheus and Sergestus vie closely for third. 159-167 Nearing the rock, Gyas yells at his helmsman Menoetes, Go as close to the rocks as you can. When Menoetes fails to obey, he orders him again: Seek the rocks; go closer. 167-171 Cloanthus slips between Gyas and the rocks, taking the lead. 172-182 Gyas in grief throws Menoetes from the stern, who swims to the rock. 183-197 As Sergestus and Mnestheus fight to pass Gyas, Mnestheus begs his men: Row hard, my fellow-travelers; avoid the disgrace of last place. 197-209 Sergestus tries to go close to the rock and runs aground. 210-224 Mnestheus, like a dove roused from its rocky nest flies aloft, passes Sergestus and then Gyas. 225-243 As he closes in on the leader, Cloanthus promises: O gods of the sea, I will sacrifice a bull to you if I win. They assist him as he enters the harbor first. 244-267 The prizes are awarded: Cloanthus receives a cloak with the story of Ganymede; Mnestheus a massive coat of mail Aeneas stripped from a mighty Greek; Gyas two bronze cauldrons and some silver bowls. 268-285 Sergestus limps in like a snake run over in the road; he is awarded a slave skilled in weaving. 286-361 The Foot-Race 286-302 Moving to a plain, Aeneas proclaims a foot race. The contestants were: three Trojans, Nisus and Euryalus, Diores; two Greeks named Salius and Patron; two Sicilians, Helymus and Panopes, as well as many unnamed. 303-314 Aeneas announces the prizes: two Cretan arrows for every runner; for the winner a horse with trappings; for second an Amazonian quiver with arrows, a gold belt and a jeweled buckle; for third, a Greek helmet. 315-326 The race starts with Nisus grabbing first, with Salius a distant second, Euryalus third, with Helymus and Diores battling for fourth.
Latin Aeneid Outline Book V Page 2 327-339 After he slips near the finish line in some blood spilled at the sacrifices, Nisus trips Salius, enabling his friend Euryalus to win, followed by Helymus and Diores. 340-347 Salius lodges a protest; Euryalus is supported by the crowd and especially by Diores, the third-place winner. 348-352 Aeneas says: The prizes stand as awarded, but I may pity the innocent. He gives Salius the hide of a Gaetulian lion 353-361 Nisus asks: What prize will I receive, who would have won but for bad fortune? Aeneas presents him with a shield taken by the Greeks from a temple of Neptune. 362-484 The Boxing Match 362-367 Aeneas announces: Now ii is time for the boxing match. He proposes the prizes, a bull for the winner and a sword and helmet for the loser. 368-379 Dares, conqueror of Butes at the funeral games for Hector, steps forward as a contestant. 380-386 When no one else comes out, he asks Aeneas: If no one dares to fight, how long must I stand here? 387-393 Acestes chides Entellus: How can you let this happen? What of your divine teacher Eryx and your fame throughout Sicily? 394-400 Entellus replies: I am too old. If I had my youthful strength, there would be no need of prizes. 400-408 He throws his massive lead-lined gloves into the ring and stuns all, including Dares; Aeneas picks ups the gloves to examine them. 409-423 Before entering the ring, Entellus says: If only you had seen the match between Hercules and your brother Eryx. You can still see the blood on the gloves. I used them when I was younger, but if Dares doesn t like these, we will use ordinary gloves. 424-427 Properly gloved, each men poses ready for the start of the fight. 428-442 They spar, the old Entellus standing and turning as Dares moves around him, like an army looking for a way to assault a mountain city. 443-449 Entellus launches a mighty right at Dares, who dodges it, and Entellus crashes to the ground like a giant pine on the mountain. 450-460 As Acestes helps him up, Entellus is fired up by shame, anger and courage; he batters Dares without stop, blows falling like rain on a roof. 461-467 Aeneas stops the fight at once, telling Dares: Don t you see the gods have turned; yield to the god. 468-472 Dares is dragged away, spitting out blood and teeth, as his men take the prizes for him. 473-484 Entellus accepts the bull, saying: Recognize my strength and know that you saved Dares life. He then fells the bull by swinging his gloves onto its head. He dedicates it to Eryx and hangs up his gloves for good. 485-544 The Archery Contest 485-489 Aeneas starts the archery contest by tying with a thong a dove onto the mast of Serestus ship. 490-499 The contestants draw lots for the order of shooting: first Hippocoon, then Mnestheus, then Eurytion, and last Acestes, daring the task of young men. 500-506 Hippocoon shoots, hits the mast, and the bird flies up in terror. 507-512 Mnestheus shoots, pierces the thong, and the bird starts to fly away. 513-518 Eurytion shoots, kills the bird, and it falls with the arrow through it. 519-528 Acestes shoots anyway and his arrow bursts into flame, vanishing into the sky, like a shooting star. 529-538 All are stunned by the omen and Aeneas says: Acestes, because of this omen from Jupiter, you are awarded first prize, a bowl given by Cisseus (Hecuba s father and king of Thrace) to Anchises. 539-544 Then prizes and laurel wreathes are presented to the others. 545-603 The lusus Troiae, an equestrian show. 545-552 Aeneas orders Epytides: Tell Ascanius to lead out his young group and put on a cavalry display on the open field in honor of Anchises. 553-574 Three squads of twelve horsemen, one led by Priam (son of Polites), the second by Atys (founder of the gens Atia, Augustus mother s family), and the third by Ascanius on a horse given by Dido, all enter the field.
Latin Aeneid Outline Book V Page 3 575-596 The horsemen ride in maze-like formations, simulating a battle. 597-603 This manner of show was passed on at Alba Longa and then handed down in Rome, and is still performed by boys called Trojan. 604-663 The women are roused to madness by Juno through Iris. 604-612 Juno sends Iris down unseen to the harbor. 613-617 The women sit on the shore, lamenting: Alas, what a long journey awaits weary us. 618-640 Iris, disguised as the aged Trojan mother Beroe, rouses them as she says: O poor us, whom Aeneas has dragged over the seas for seven years. Why don t we settle here in Sicily with Acestes? Cassandra appeared in my sleep, telling me to seek Troy here and seemed to give me torches. Look at the torches at the altars of Neptune. Let us burn the ships. 641-653 Pyrgo, nurse for Priam s sons, tries to stop them, saying: This isn t Beroe, whom I just left sick in bed, worried that she could not honor Anchises. 654-663 The women hesitate between the desire to settle here and to reach their fated kingdom; Iris reveals her divinity and the women in a frenzy set the boats on fire with torches seized from the altars. 664-778 The men arrive; the fire is stopped; Aeneas decides to leave the women in a new city, and then sails for Italy. 664-674 When news reaches the men, Ascanius rides off at once to confront the women: You re not burning the Greek camp, you re burning our hopes. I am your Ascanius. 675-684 The men arrive as the women, shamed, come to their senses and scatter. The fire cannot be extinguished by any human activity. 685-692 Aeneas tears his clothing and prays: Jupiter, if you don t hate the Trojans, stop the fire in the fleet. Or if I deserve it, kill me now with your thunderbolt. 693-699 Jupiter sends a rain that puts the fire out, with only four ships lost. 700-718 As Aeneas ponders whether to stay in Sicily or continue his fated journey, the elderly prophet/sage Nautes advises: Let us follow the fates; leave those weary of travel, the old, the women, those fearful of danger to found a city called Acesta here in Sicily with Acestes. 719-739 Still unsure of what to do, Aeneas is visited by Anchises ghost, saying: Dear son, I come because of Jupiter. Follow the advice of Nautes and take only your bravest into the difficulties ahead in Italy. But first come to Avernus, enter the Underworld and visit me in the Elysian Fields. The Sibyl will lead you after many sacrifices and you will learn your future. Now farewell. 740-745 As the ghost vanishes, Aeneas asks: Where do you rush? Who stops our embraces? He then worships the Lar of Troy and Vesta. 746-761 Aeneas meets with Acestes, who agrees to the plan of Nautes and Anchises. The ships are refitted and Aeneas lays out the plan of the city, where Acestes sets up a forum and convenes a senate. Then a temple is built for Venus on Mt. Eryx. 762-778 After a nine-days feast, the Trojans prepare to set sail, while those left behind lament their lost opportunity. Aeneas sacrifices to Eryx, to the storms, and launches his fleet. 779-826 Venus asks Neptune for safe passage for the Trojans; Neptune demands one life in return. 779-798 Venus addresses Neptune: Juno hates and pursues the Trojans and you know what she has done already with Aeolus on your sea. Now she s burnt their ships; may you grant those who survive to sail safely to Italy. 799-815 Neptune replies: You are right to trust in me. I have often stopped storms threatening Aeneas; at Troy I saved him from the pursuing Achilles, even though I wanted to destroy Troy s walls. He will reach Avernus safely, but one life will be sacrificed for the many. 816-826 Then with his various attendants Neptune rides across the sea and calms it for the Trojan ships. 827-871 The voyage to Italy with the loss of the helmsman Palinurus. 827-837 Aeneas and his fleet go forward, with all sails spread wide. Palinurus guiding the ships in the night while the rest sleep. 838-846 Sleep, disguised as Phorbas, appears to Palinurus and says: It s time to sleep, and I will take your place. 847-853 Palinurus clings to his rudder, refusing to yield his position, saying: Am I to trust my fleet and Aeneas to the deceitful sea?