FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED IN ROBERT FROST S POEMS RESEARCH PAPER Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education in English by: RUDY TRI PAMBUDI A320120109 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA 2016 i
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MOTTO Every story has an ending. But in life, sometimes an ending is just a new beginning (Marilyn Monroe). v
DEDICATION This research paper is dedicated to: His beloved parents, (Mr. Sukasno and Mrs. Mursilah), his beloved brother (Muhammad Fauzi Aris Setiono and family and Heri Setyo Budi and family), his beloved sister ( Hasymah Setyaning Tyas), thanks a lot for your support, pray and blessing. His friends in EDSO UMS 2012 (Mr. Randy, Mr. Bekti, Miss Nisa, rhizal, Nety, Finsa, Kurniawan, Irin, Intan, Riski, Fasih, Hutomo, Dyta, Nanik, Wahyu, Aulia, Dian and all of EDSOLOVER UMS 2012. His friends in BEM UMS 2015 (Mr. Alfin, Miss Ayuno, Miss Umi, Miss Barokah, Arfan, Aulia, Ika, Astrid, Muklis, Fina, Dwi, Nurul, Indri, Hanan, Bagus, Furi, Ipin, Nury, Iwan, Agus, Galuh, Dian, Fafa, Kino and Wahyu). His family in Gemes Kingdom (Aprilia, Okta, Carol, Adel and Ugik). His family in Third Division 2015 (Bahtiar, Febrian, Putik, Irfan, Dwi Mustika, Suci, Winda, Mayang, Nanda, Kumala, Sandi, Yuliantika, Faisal, Darma, Dwi Astuti, Aulia Rahma, Yakub, Dini, Ulfa, Annas, Dyah, Umi, Fareza, Roviyana, Burhan, and Hasim. His Nusantara family (Richo, Herlina, Rezky, Risma, Arga, Sinta, and Vernanda) His friends in Department of English Education who cannot mentioned one by one in helping the writer in finishing this research paper. vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh. In the name of Allah the most gracious and the most merciful, I would like to say thank to Allah SWT the almighty for mercy and blessing for the writer in making research paper to fulfill one of requirement for the undergraduate degree of education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. The writer finally completes her research paper entitled FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED IN ROBERT FROST S POEMS. Sholawat and salam are also given to our great prophet Muhammad SAW who brought the mankind from the darkness into the lightness. In finishing this research paper, the writer find some problems and obstacles. so that this research paper cannot be finished without help from the others who give support, guidance, suggestion, and constructive criticism. Finally the writer would like to express her thanks for those who helped him. 1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum., the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. 2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph. D., the Head of English Education Department. 3. Dr. Maryadi, M. A., the first consultant and the inspiring person for giving his advice, guidance, help, and patience so that this research paper can be finished as well. 4. Dr. Dwi Haryanti, M.Hum, as the second consultants who has examined and correted his research paper. 5. Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M. Hum, as the third consultants who has examined and correted his research paper. 6. Dr. Abdillah Nugroho. M.Hum,as the academic consultant for having guidance and help indirectly during the research s study in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. vii
7. All the lecturers in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta for giving the writer knowledge, help, and motivation for his research paper. 8. His beloved Dad Sukasno and Mom Mursilah for their exception, love, support, pray, and advice so that the writer is motivated to finish his research paper. 9. His beloved brother ( Muhammad Fauzi Aris Setiono and Heri Setyo Budi) who always gives the writer spirit and love. 10. His beloved sister ( Hasymah Setyaning Tyas). 11. His beloved friends in Departement of English Education. Thank you for the warm togetherness. 12. All who cannot mentioned one by one in helping the writer in finishing this research paper. The writer realizes that this research paper is still far from being perfect. The writer hopes and needs the constructive criticism and suggestion to make this research papaer better. To progress the next study, he invites the readers to give comments, criticism, and suggestion. The writer expects that this research paper can be useful and give contribution to the other researcher. Wassalamu alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh. Surakarta, 10 July2016 Rudy Tri Pambudi A320120109 viii
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED IN ROBERT FROST S POEMS ABSTRAK Penelitian ini memiliki dua tujuan utama yang diusulkan oleh peneliti, yaitu, (1) untuk mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis bahasa kiasan yang terkandung dalam puisinya Robert Frost dan, (2) untuk mengetahui makna tersirat dari bahasa kiasan yang terkandung di dalam puisinya Robert Frost. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data penelitian ini diambil dari puisi karya Robert Frost. Mengenai teknik pengumpulan data, peneliti menggunakan dokumentasi dengan mempelajari secara mendalam tentang puisi-puisi karya Robert Frost. Maka peneliti mengklasifikasikan data ke dalam bahasa kiasan menggunakan teori Perrine Lawrence dan ilmuwan lain yang mendukungnya. Sementara mengenai makna tersirat dari bahasa kiasan yang digunakan dalam puisi karya Robert Frost ini, peneliti menggunakan teori dari Geoffrey Leech tentang jenis makna dan teori ilmuwan lainnya yang mendukungnya. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam puisi karya Robert Frost, ada enam jenis bahasa kiasan yang digunakan yaitu; personifikasi, methapora, simbol, ironi, hiperbola, dan apostrof. Terkait dengan makna tersirat dari bahasa kiasan yang digunakan dalam puisi, peneliti menemukan empat jenis makna tersirat yaitu; makna konseptual, makna konotatif, makna gaya dan makna afektif. Kata kunci: bahasa kiasan, makna tersirat,robert Frost, puisi. ix
ABSTRACT Rudy Tri Pambudi. A 320 120 109. FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED IN ROBERT FROST S POEMS. Research Paper. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. 2016. This research is aiming on 1) identifying the types of figurative language used in Robert Frost s Poems. and 2) explaining the implied meaning used in Robert Frost s Poems. In this research, the researcher uses a descriptive qualitative as the type of the research. The object of the study is figurative language used in Robert Frost s Poems. The data of this research are four poems that containing figurative language and implied meaning used in Robert Frost s Poems, there are (1) The Road Not Taken, (2) Stoping By Woods On A Snowy Evening, (3) Tree At My Window, and (4) Wind And Window Flower. The researcher uses documentation to collect the data then coding the figurative language used in Robert Frost s Poems. The results show that (1) there are six types of figurative language in Robert Frost s poems namely: personification, symbol, methapor, hyperbole, irony and apostrophe. There are actually twelve types of figurative language based on Lawrence Perrine s Theory. However the researcher does not find simile, understatement, allegory, synecdoche, paradox, and metonymy in Robert Frost s poems. Figurative Language has been mentioned above, there are 37,50% of personification, 29,16% of symbol, 16,66% of methapor, 8,33% of hyperbole, 4,16% of irony, and 4,16% of apostrophe. The amount of data found in Robert Frost s poems is 24. And (2) The types of implied meaning in Robert Frost s Poems, there are four types out of seven of the implied meaning in Robert Frost s Poems namely: connotative meaning, stylistic or social meaning, affective meaning, and conceptual meaning. There are actually seven types of implied meaning based on Goeffrey Leech s theory. However the researcher does not find collocative meaning, thematic meaning, and reflective meaning in Robert Frost s Poems. As it has been mentioned above in the table that there are 45,83% of connotative meaning, 37,50% of stylistic or social meaning, 12,50% of affective meaning, and 4,16% of conceptual meaning. The total data are 24 found and analyzed into the types of implied meaning used in Robert Frost s Poems. Keywords: Figurative Language, Implied Meaning, Robert Frost,The Poems. x
TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE... i APPROVAL... ii ACCEPTANCE... iii TESTIMONY... iv MOTTO... v DEDICATION... vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT... vii ABSTRAK...... ix ABSTRACT... x TABLE OF CONTENT... xi LIST OF TABLE... xii ABBREVIATION... xiii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION... I A. Research Context... 1 B. Focus of the Study... 2 C. Objective of the Study... 3 D. Benefit of the Study... 3 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW... 4 A. Previous Study... 4 B. Theoretical Review... 7 1. Figurative Language... 7 a. Notion of Figurative Language... 7 b. Types of Figurative Language... 7 2. Theory of Meaning... 12 a. Notion of Meaning... 12 b. Types of Meaning... 13 c. Speech Context... 17 3. Poems... 19 4. Robert Frost... 19 xi
CHAPTER III RESEARCHMETHOD... 23 A. Type of the Study... 23 B. Object of the Study... 23 C. Data and the Data Sources... 23 D. Technique of Collecting Data... 24 E. Technique of thedata Analysis... 24 CHAPTER IVDATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION... 27 A. Data Analysis... 26 1. The Types of Figurative Language... 26 2. The Implied Meaning... 39 B. Discussion of the Finding... 56 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION... 61 A. Conclusion... 61 B. Implication... 62 C. Suggestion... 62 BIBLIOGRAPHY... 64 APPENDIX... 66 xii
LIST OF TABLE Table 4.1 Types of Figurative Language... 56 Table 4.2 Implied Meaning...... 57 Page xii
ABBREVIATION 1. TRNT : The Road Not Taken 2. SBWOASE : Stopping By Woods On A Snowy Evening 3. TAMW : Tree At My Window 4. WAWF : Wind And Window Flower 5. Met : Metaphor 6. Sym : Symbol 7. Iro : Irony 8. Per : Personification 9. Hyp : Hyperbole 10. Aps : Apostrophe xiii