SUMÁRIO REPORTED SPEECH DISCURSO INDIRETO 3 EXERCÍCIOS DE COMBATE 9 TEXT COMPREHENSION 16 GABARITO 18 2
REPORTED SPEECH - DISCURSO INDIRETO O Reported Speech (discurso indireto) é uma estrutura utilizada para reproduzir algo que tenha sido dito pela (s) própria (s) pessoa (s) ou por outra (s). DIRECT SPEECH Aparece entre aspas e depois de dois-pontos A frase original é repetida da mesma forma que foi dita Pode ser construído em diversos tempos Pode apresentar componentes diversos (pronomes e expressões de tempo ) REPORTED SPEECH Aparece sem aspas e sem os dois-pontos A frase permanece com o mesmo significado, mas sua forma é alterada O tempo verbal utilizado no discurso direto muda Alguns outros componentes da frase no discurso direto também mudam (especialmente os pronomes e as expressões de tempo ) that é opcional, na maioria das vezes TEMPOS VERBAIS DISCURSO DIRETO SIMPLE PRESENT PRESENT CONTINUOUS PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE PAST PAST CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT SIMPLE FUTURE SIMPLE CONDTIONAL NO REPORTED SPEECH MUDA PARA SIMPLE PAST PAST CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT PAST PERFECT PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT SIMPLE CONDITIONAL SIMPLE CONDITIONAL 3
Ex: Direct speech Susan said, "Chris is at work." Susan mentioned, "Chris is finishing a big project." Susan added, "She is going to stay until she finishes." Susan said, "Chris hasn't finished the project yet." Susan remarked, "She was working on it all day yesterday." Susan told us, "She came home very late yesterday." Reported speech Susan said (that) Chris was at work. Susan mentioned (that) Chris was finishing a big project. Susan added (that) she was going to stay until she finished. Susan said (that) Chris hadn't finished the project yet. Susan remarked (that) she had been working (was working) on it all day yesterday. Susan told us (that) she had come (came) home very late yesterday. REPORTED SPEECH E OS VERBOS E OS MODALS CAN MAY MAY WILL MUST COULD MIGHT QUANDO EXPRESSA POSSIBILIDADE COULD QUANDO EXPRESSA PERMISSÃO WOULD HAD TO QUANDO EXPRESSA NECESSIDADE 4
Ex: Direct speech Susan said, "I would like you to help us." Susan said, "These pages need work." Susan said, "We need the pages now." Susan said, "We will need the other pages tomorrow." Susan said, "You should bring them here when you come." Reported speech Susan said (that) she would like me to help the them. Susan said (that) those pages needed work. Susan said (that) they needed the pages then. Susan said (that) they would need the other pages the following day. Susan said (that) I should take them there when I went. PRINCIPAIS MUDANÇAS OCORRIDAS NA PASSAGEM DO DISCURSO DIRETO PARA O REPORTED SPEECH I WE YOU ME MY THIS THESE HERE NOW AGO TODAY YESTERDAY TOMORROW HE/ SHE THEY I/ WE HIM/ HER HIS/ HER THAT THOSE THERE THEN BEFORE THAT DAY THE PREVIOUS DAY / DAY BEFORE THE NEXT / FOLLOWING DAY 5
NEXT WEEK TONIGHT LAST COME BRING THE FOLLOWING WEEK THAT NIGHT BEFORE GO TAKE Ex: Direct speech Susan says, "Chris is working today. Susan says, "Chris was working when I saw her." Reported speech Susan says (that) Chris is working today. Susan said (that) Chris had been working (was working) when she saw her. Casos Especiais: No reported speech quando o verbo da oração principal estiver no passado como: Susan said, etc ele deve ser mantido no passado no indirect speech. Ex: Direct speech Susan said, "Ann can help Chris." Susan said, "John may help, too." Susan added, "You may help if you want." Susan mentioned, "Jami will help Chris, too." Susan added, "We all must help Chris." Reported speech Susan said (that) Ann could help Chris. Susan said (that) John might help, too. Susan added (that) I could help if I wanted. Susan mentioned (that) Jami would help Chris, too. Susan added (that) we all had to (must) help Chris. No reported speech, Não ocorre mudança quando o verbo da oração principal estiver no simple present indicando fato ou verdade cientifica. 6
Ex: Direct speech Susan said, "Chris always works on Saturdays." Susan's professor stated, "Water freezes at 32º F (0º C)." Reported speech Susan said (that) Chris always works (worked) on Saturdays. Susan's professor stated (that) water freezes at 32º F (0º C). Quando a frase no discurso direto não apresentar a ideia de tempo, ou seja, a ideia da oração é uma verdade aparente ou uma realidade, podemos usar no discurso indireto o mesmo tempo verbal do discurso direto. Direct speech Susan said, "Chris should be home soon." Susan said, "She must be tired." Susan said, "Chris must have left early." Reported speech Susan said (that) Chris should be home soon. Susan said (that) she must be tired. Susan said (that) Chris must have left early. O verbo no discurso direto estiver no imperativo, no discurso indireto muda para o infinitivo ou podemos usar o modal should. Ex: Direct speech She said, "Finish your work." She told us, "Finish your work." Reported speech She said that we should finish our work. She said to finish our work. She told us that we should finish our work. She told us to finish our work. 7
Perguntas ou questões no discurso direto parecem com as expressões if ou whether (se) no discurso indireto. Ex: Direct speech She asked (me), "Could I use your book?" She asked (me), "Will you help me?" She asked John, "Do you take a bus?" I asked (her), "Should I do the assignment again?" I asked (her), "Which pages should I study?" John asked Paul, "What are you going to do tomorrow?" Reported speech She asked (me) if she could use my book. She asked (me) to use my book. She asked (me) if I would help her. She asked (me) to help her. She asked him if he took (takes) a bus. I asked (her) if I should do the assignment again. I asked (her) whether (or not) I should do it again. I asked (her) which pages I should study. John asked Paul what he was going to do the following day. Outros verbos podem aparecer nas transformações de discurso direto para discurso indireto, como: admit, announce, explain, mention, notice, promise, realize, reply, recommend, suggest e warn. Ex: Direct Speech He said: Don t play with fire! She said: I will give him ten dollars Reported Speech He warned me not to play with fire. She promised him ten dollars. 8
1. (UFGO) Mark the correct alternative which is the indirect speech of: He said, "I will never speak to her again." a) He said that he will never speak to her again. b) He said that he was never going to speak to her again. c) He said that he is never going to speak to her again. d) He said that he would never speak to her again. e) He said that he never speaks to her again. 2. (FMU/FIAN-SP) Then Mary asked, "How far away is the nearest post office?" a) She asked how far away were the nearest post office. b) She asked how far away the nearest post office was. c) She asked how far away is the nearest post office. d) She asked how far was away the nearest post office. e) She asked how far is away the nearest post office. 3. (UFAC) The sentence Martina asked me: Will you do me a favor?, in the reported speech form, becomes: a) Martina asked me if was to do a favor for her. b) Martina asked me if she would do me a favor. c) Martina asked me if I would do her a favor. d) Martina asked me if she will do me a favor. e) Martina asked me if she will do me a favor. 9
4. (AFA) My mother said to me: Don t leave your little brother alone! The reported speech of the above sentence is: a) My mother told my little brother not to be left alone. b) My mother told me don t leave my little brother alone. c) My mother said me to not leave my little brother alone. d) My mother told me not to leave my little brother alone. 5. (UEL -PR) Mother: "John, bring this package over here." Mother told John (I) (II) package over (III). (I) (II) (III) a) brings hers over here b) takes that now c) bring those over there d) to take that there e) take his today 6. (UFU-MG) Mark the alternative in which the indirect speech is used correctly. We met at the bridge and he said, "I'll be here again tomorrow." a) We meet at the bridge and he says, "I'll be here again tomorrow." b) We met at the bridge and he says, "I'll be here again tomorrow." c) We met at the bridge he said that he'd be there again the next day. d) We met at the bridge and he said, "I'll be there again tomorrow." e) We met at the bridge and he said that he'll be here again the day before. 7. (FMU/FIAN-SP) Please tell her to switch off the light when she the room. a) don't forget - leave b) to remember - will leave c) forget not - will be leaving d) to remind - is leaving e) not to forget - leaves 10
8. (FATEC-SP) The little girl that she cold. a) told - has b) told - is c) said - was d) said - has e) said - is 9. (AFA) When I told him he should visit his brother Thomas he told me he there and Albert a great problem with his ex-wife then. a) was gone / has already b) shall pass / would have c) had already been / had had d) was going after / will have had 10. (ITA) Assinale a alternativa correta. a) He asked her where is she going to spend her vacation. b) He asked her where were she going to spend your vacation. c) He asked her where she were going spend your vacation. d) He asked her where was she going to spend her vacation. e) He asked her where she was going to spend her vacation. 11. (FUVEST-SP) Qual destas formas está correta se usada por uma pessoa que narra um acontecimento? a) He thought she has not known what she is going through. b) He thought she will never know what she will have to go through now. c) He thought she would never know what she had gone through then. d) He thinks she did not know what she was going through. e) He will think she did not know what she went through then. 11
12. (FUVEST-SP) Assinale a alternativa que equivale a: Suddenly Peter Said to me, "Are you hungry?" a) Suddenly Peter asked me whether I was hungry. b) Suddenly Peter told me that I was hungry. c) Suddenly Peter asked if he were hungry. d) Suddenly Peter said that I was hungry. e) Peter informed me that he was hungry. 13. (FUVEST-SP) A forma indireta correspondente à forma direta The teacher Said, "Are you sure you have all understood me? é: a) The teacher said if you are sure you had understood him. b) The teacher asked whether we were sure we did understood him. c) The teacher said if we all are sure we have understood him. d) The teacher asked if they were sure they had all understood him. e) The teacher asked them to be sure to understood him. 14. (MACKENZIE-SP) The sentence "What do you know about my business?" in reported speech becomes: a) He asked me what did I know about his business. b) He asked me what did I knew about his business. c) He asked me what do you know about my business. d) He asked me what do I know about his business. e) He asked me what I knew about his business. 15. (IME-RJ) The agent said, "When do you plan to leave for Australia?" a) The agent asked when we plan to leave for Australia. b) The agent asked us when we do plan to leave for Australia. c) The agent asked when you plan to leave for Australia. d) The agent asked you about when you planned to leave for Australia. e) The agent asked when we planned to leave for Australia. 12
16. (UNIMEP-SP) Patient to his psychiatrist: "Don't worry. I'll pay every cent I owe you or my name isn't Alexander the Great." a) The patient told his psychiatrist not to worry. He would pay every cent he owed or his name isn't Alexander the Great. b) The patient told his psychiatrist not to worry. He would pay every cent he owed or his name wasn't Alexander the Great. c) The patient told his psychiatrist not to worry. He will pay every cent he owed or his name isn't Alexander the Great. d) The patient told his psychiatrist not to worry. He paid every cent he owed or his name wasn't Alexander the Great. e) The patient told his psychiatrist not to worry. He would have paid every cent he owed or his name wasn't Alexander the Great. 17. (MACKENZIE-SP) Change the following sentence to the reported speech: Miss Jones said to her niece, "I'm longing to see what you have written." a) Miss Jones told her niece that she was longing to see what she had written. b) Miss Jones told her niece that she was longing to see what he had written. c) Miss Jones told her niece that she is longing to see what she has written. d) Miss Jones told her niece that she was longing to see what he has been written. e) Miss Jones told her niece that he is longing to see what she has written. 18. (USJ-SP) The man said to her, "Can you tell me the time?" No discurso indireto, fica: a) The man told her if she can tell me the time. b) The man asked her whether she can tell him the time. c) The man wanted to know if she could tell him the time. d) The man said if she couldn't tell her the time. e) The man asked whether she could have told him the time. 13
19. (EFOMM) The sentence "Eat up your dinner or I'll punish you", in the reported speech form becomes: a) She told me to eat up my dinner or she would punished me. b) She said to me eat up your dinner or I'll punish you. c) She told me to eat up my dinner or she would punish me. d) She told me to eat up her dinner or she would punished me. e) She said that eat up my dinner or she will punish me. 20. (PUC-RS) The sentence "Do as you wish, but don't ask me for help if you get into difficulties", in the reported speech form becomes: a) He told her to do as she wished but not to ask him for help if she got into difficulties. b) He told her did as she wished but didn't ask him for help if she got into difficulties. c) He told her do as she wishes, but don't ask him for help if she gets into difficulties. d) He told her to do as she wishes but didn't ask him for help if she gets into difficulties. e) He told her to do as you wish but not to ask him for help if she gets into difficulties. 21. (UEL-PR) "Have you bought a house? Will marry Peter?, he asked. a) He asked me if I would buy a house and if I would marry Peter. b) He asked me if I have bought a house and if I would marry Peter. c) He asked me if I had bought a house and if I would marry Peter. d) He asked me if I had bought a house and if I will marry Peter. e) He asked me if I have bought a house and if I would have to marry Peter. 22. (ESC. NAVAL) The sentence "Have you seen my handbag anywhere?" in the reported speech form is: a) She asked me whether I had seen her handbag anywhere. b) She asked me if had I seen her handbag anywhere. c) She asked me whether I have seen her handbag anywhere. d) She asked me if have you seen my handbag anywhere. e) She told me that had I seen her handbag anywhere. 14
23. (FUVEST) At the office, yesterday morning: Mr. Green: Henry, buy some stamps, please. Henry: Yes, but where? a) Mr. Green says Henry to buy some stamps and then he has to tell him where to buy them. b) Mr. Green said Henry to buy some stamps and then he had to say him where to buy them. c) Mr. Green told Henry to buy some stamps and then he had to tell him where to buy them. d) Mr. Green says to Henry to buy stamps and then he had to tell him where to buy it. e) Mr. Green told Henry to buy some stamps and then he had to tell him when to buy it. 24. (EFOMM) A forma de discurso indireto da frase "They also said: Something will have to be done to help people like you." Corresponde a "They also that something to help people like you." A alternativa que completa as lacunas é: a) told, would have been done b) said, would have to be done c) said, would be done d) told, will have to be done e) said, would have to do 15
TEXT COMPREHENSION Text 33 (AFA) "...Jonathan isn't sure he'll go into the family business. He might want to become an astronuclear physicist, he says: 'Then I could make a rocket ship go to Mars, instead of just writing about it'." According to the paragraph above, mark the correct statement: a) Jonathan is sure about his vocation and his future career. b) Jonathan has no idea about which career to follow. c) Jonathan is sure he won't go into his family business. d) Jonathan admits the possibility of being a physicist. Text 34 (ANAC) IS THIS THE MISSING LINK? The scientific establishment has been rocked today by an astonishing announcement from Professor Arthur Smith Woodward of the Department of Geology of the British Museum. Speaking to a packed meeting of the prestigious Royal Geological Society, Professor Woodward revealed the existence of fossil remains which could provide the missing link between man and the apes. This link, predicted by many eminent scientists since the publication of Charles Darwin s theory of evolution 40 years ago, has been the source of frenzied debate for some time. It seems that this debate may now be over, for Professor Woodward claims that his discovery proves, once and for all, that man is a direct descendant of the apes. Professor Woodward displayed a plaster reconstruction of the skull based on fossil fragments which were discovered between 1908 and last year by an amateur archaeologist, Charles Dawson, at Piltdown in Sussex. These fragments combine a humanoid skull with a very primitive ape-like jawbone, explained Woodward. Yet the molar teeth are worn down in a way that could not be achieved by anthropoid jaw movement. The only explanation is that the worn teeth are the result of the free swinging movement of a 16
human jaw. At last we have found a skull which shows the combination of the ape and human features which must prove man s descent from the apes. The Professor estimates the age of the skull at 500,000 years. If this is accurate, then Piltdown Man must be the earliest human ever discovered. A fact which should revolutionise our interpretation of mankind s ancestry and its development. 9 December 1912 Printed in London 6d 1. All the alternatives below are correct definitions for the word pack. Mark the only one which describes the meaning of packed in the text: a) To put items into a container for transporting them. b) A number of things, usually of the same kind, that are tied together. c) To fill a space, or to crowd people or things together, especially in large numbers. d) To press something, consisting of a lot of pieces, together so that they form solid mass. 2. There are many theories trying to explain the Missing Link. Mark the only one which is NOT mentioned in the text: a) An amateur archaeologist, found the fossil fragments between 1908 and1911. b) The skull that was found shows the combination of the ape and human characteristics. c) Professor Woodward displayed a plaster reconstruction of the ape s brain based on fossil fragments. d) Professor Woodward revealed the existence of fossil remains which could prove the missing link between man and the monkeys. 3. Which word from the text has the following definition: An activity that is fast, wild and out of control. a) Frenzied b) Accurate c) Worn down d) Revolutionise 17
EXERCÍCIOS DE COMBATE 1. d 2. b 3. c 4. d 5. d 6. c 7. e 8. c 9. c 10. d 11. c 12. a 13. d 14. e 15. e 16. b 17. a 18. c 19. c 20. a 21. c 22. a 23. c 24. b TEXT COMPREHENSION Text 33 (AFA) 1. d Text 34 (ANAC) 1. c 2. c 3. a 18