Mustahab Soam Optional Fast Page 1 of 13
Table of Contents Mustahab Soam... 3 Optional Fast... 3 Introduction:... 3 Recommended (Optional) Fasts:... 3 The Optional Fasts:... 4 Optional Fasting is to make one habitual of good deeds:... 5 One who Vowed to Fast but Cannot Fast... 5 Delaying Fasting to Shorter Days:... 7 The Days when Its more Rewarding to Fast... 8 The Conditions of Terminating Fasting (prior to its end time)... 10 The Conditions of Observing Optional Fast... 12 Abbreviations: saww: - Sal lal la ho Allay hay Wa Aal lay he Wasallam azwj: - Az Za Wa Jalla asws: - Allay hay Salawat Wass Salam AJFJ: Ajal Allah ho Fara Jaahu ra: - Razi Allah azwj La: - Laan Allah azwj Page 2 of 13
بسم اهلل الرحمن الرحيم الحمد هلل رب العالمين وصلى اهلل على سيدنا محمد وآله الطاهرين وسلم تسليما. In the Name of Allah azwj the Beneficent, the Merciful. The Praise is for Allah azwj Lord azwj of the Worlds, and Blessing be upon our Chief Muhammad saww and his saww Purified Progeny asws, and greetings with abundant greetings. ا لل ه م ص ل ع لى م م د و آل م م د و ع ج ل ف ر ج ه م و ال ع ن أ ع د ائ ه م ا ج ع ي Introduction: --------------------------------- Mustahab Soam Optional Fast Some Ahadith are compiled on Mustahab Soam (Optional Fasting), e.g., which days of the Islamic month one may Fast, and conditions for Optional Fasting and breaking; including sometimes we observe optional fast and our loved ones insist upon breaking it so where and when it is Permissible? Recommended (Optional) Fasts: Three Fasting days in a month - first Thursday, middle Wednesday and last Thursday, it s like fasting for the whole month; Fasting on the 27 th of Rajab has the reward of fasting for 60 months; Fasting on 18 th of Zilhajj has the reward of fasting for 60 months; Fasting on the 17 th of Rabi ul Awwal has the reward of fasting for 60 years; Fasting on the 25 th of Zeqad has similar rewards. Page 3 of 13
The Optional Fasts: صوموا ثالثة أيام من كل شهر فهي تعدل صوم الدهر و حنن نصوم مخيسي و أربعاء بينهما ألن اهلل خلق جهنم يوم األربعاء فتعوذوا باهلل جل و عز منها (Amir-ul-Momineen asws said): Fast three days from every month, for it equates Fasting (all the) time. We asws Fast two Thursdays and a Wednesday between these two, because Allah azwj Created Hell on the day of Wednesday, therefore seek Refuge with Allah azwj Majestic and Mighty from it. (An extract from a long Hadith). 1 حدثنا احلسي بن امحد رمحه اهلل عن أبيه عن أمحد بن ممد بن عيسى عن احلسي بن سعيد عن النصر بن سويد بن هاشم بن احلكم عن االحول عن ابن سنان عمن ذكره عن أيب عبد اهلل عليه السالم ان رسول اهلل صلى اهلل عليه وآله سئل عن صوم مخيسي بينهما أربعاء فقال أما اخلميس فيوم تعرض فيه االعمال وأما االربعاء فيوم خلقت فيه النار وأما الصوم فجنة من النار. Al Husayn Bin Ahmad narrated to us, from his father, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Al Husayn Bin Saeed, from Al Nasr Bin Suweyd Bin Hisham Bin Al Hakam, from Al Ahowl, from Ibn Sinan, from the one who mentioned it, Abu Abdullah asws has said: Rasool-Allah saww was asked about Fasting the two Thursdays, between these two, a Wednesday, so he saww said: As for the Thursday, so it is a day in which the deeds are presented, and as for the Wednesdays, so it is a day in which the Fire was Created, and as for the Fast, so it is a shield from the Fire. 2 احل سن عليه السالم ع ن الص ي ام ال ه ر ع د ة م ن أ ص ح اب ن ا ع ن س ه ل ب ن ز ي اد ع ن أ مح د ب ن م م د ب ن أ يب ن ص ر ق ال س أ ل ت أ ب ا ك ي ف ه و ق ال ث ال ث ال ه ر ك ل ع ر ي و م إ ن الل ه ت ب ار ك و ت ع ا ل ي ق ول م ن جاء ب احل س ن ة ف ل ه ع ر أ م ثا ل ا ث ال ث ة أ ي ام ال ه ر ص و م الد ه ر. A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Abu Nasr who said, I asked Abu Al-Hassan asws about the Fasts during the month, how are these (to be done)? He asws said: Three during the month, in every ten days. Allah azwj Blessed and Exalted is Saying: One who comes with the good deed, then for him would be ten the likes of it [6:160] three days during the month is Fasting for the whole time. 3 1 الخصال ج : 2 ص : 611 2 ILLAL AL SHARAIE V 2 Ch 112 H 1 3 Al Kafi V 4 The Book of Fasts Ch 13 H 7 Page 4 of 13
Optional Fasting is to make one habitual of good deeds: ع د ة م ن أ ص ح اب ن ا ع ن س ه ل ب ن ز ي اد ع ن احل س ن ب ن م ب وب ع ن ع ب د الل ه ب ن س ن ان ق ال س أ ل ت أ ب ا ع ب د الل ه عليه السالم ع ن و الر ج ل ي ص وم ص و ما ق د و ق ت ه ع ل ى ن ف س ه أ و ي ص وم م ن أ ش ه ر احل ر م ف ي م ر ب ه ال ه ر و ال ه ر ان ال ي ق يه ف ق ا ل ال ي ص وم الس ف ر ال ي ق ي ش ي ئا م ن ص و م الت ط و ع إ ال الث ال ث ة األ ي ام ال ت ك ان ي ص وم ه ا م ن ك ل ش ه ر و ال ع ل ه ا ن ز ل ة ال و اج إ ال أ أ ح ل أ ن ت د وم ع ل ى ال ع م ل الص ال ح A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Al Hassan Bin Mahboub, from Abdullah Bin Sinan who said, I asked Abu Abdullah asws about the man who had committed it (Fasting) upon himself, or he was Fasting from Sacred Months. So the month, and the two month pass by him, not fulfilling it. So he asws said: He should not be Fasting during the journey, nor would he make up for anything from the optional Fasts except for the three days which he had Fasted from each month, nor make it to be at the status of the Obligatory, except that I asws like it for you that you should be habitual upon the righteous deed. ق ال و ص اح احل ر م ال ذ ي ك ان ي ص وم ه ا و ز ئ ه أ ن ي ص وم م ك ان ك ل ش ه ر م ن أ ش ه ر احل ر م ث ال ث ة أ ي ام. He asws said: And the one who had the Fasting for the Sacred Months which he used to Fast, it would suffice him in place of each month from the Sacred Months, (the Fasting of) three days. 4 One who Vowed to Fast but Cannot Fast ع د ة م ن أ ص ح اب ن ا ع ن أ مح د ب ن م م د ع ن م م د ب ن س ه ل ع ن إ د ر يس ب ن ز ي د و ع ل ي ب ن إ د ر يس ق اال س أ ل ن ا الر ا عليه السالم ع ن ر ج ل ن ذ ر ن ذ را إ ن ه و ت ل ص م ن احل ب س أ ن ي ص وم ذ ل ال ي و م ال ذ ي ت ل ص ف يه ف ي ع ج ز ع ن الص و م ل ع ل ة أ ص اب ت ه أ و غ ي ذ ل ف م د ل لر ج ل ع م ر ه و ق د اج ت م ع ع ل ي ه ص و م ك ث ي م ا ك ف ار ة ذ ل الص و م ق ال ي ك ف ر ع ن ك ل ي و م د ح ن ط ة أ و ش ع ي. A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Sahl, from Idrees Bin zayd and Ali Bin Idrees who both said, We asked (Imam) Al-Reza asws about a man who vowed a vow that if he is freed from the prison, he would be Fasting that day in which he was set free. Then he became frustrated from the Fasting due to an illness which hit him, or other than that. So it prolonged for the man during his lifetime, and a lot of Fasts had gathered upon him. What is the expiation of 4 Al Kafi V 4 The Book of Fasts Ch 58 H 8 Page 5 of 13
that Fast? He asws said: He can expiate it from each day (by giving charity) with a Mudd (approximately 750g. of food) of wheat, or barley. 5 أ ب و ع ل ي األ ش ع ر ي ع ن م م د ب ن ع ب د ا ج ب ار ع ن ص ف و ان ب ن ح ى ع ن ع يص ب ن ال ق اس م ق ال س أ ل ت ه ع م ن م ي ص م الث ال ث ة األ ي ام م ن ك ل ش ه ر و ه و ي د ع ل ي ه الص ي ام ه ل ف يه ف د اء ق ال م د م ن ط ع ام ك ل ي و م. Abu Ali Al Ashary, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Jabbar, from Safwan Bin Yahya, from Ays Bin Al Qasim who said, I asked him asws about the one who does not Fast the three days from every month, and the Fasting is difficult upon him. Is there a redemption in it? He asws said: A Mudd (approximately 750g. of food) of food regarding each day. 6 احل س ي ب ن م م د ع ن م ع ل ى ب ن م م د ع ن احل س ن ب ن ع ل ي ال و ش اء ع ن مح اد ب ن ع ث م ان ع ن ع م ر ب ن ي ز يد ق ال ق ل ت أل يب ع ب د الل ه عليه السالم إ ن الص و م ي د ع ل ي ف ق ال ل ل د ر ه م ت ص د ق ب ه أ ف ل م ن ص ي ام ي و م ث ق ال و م ا أ ح أ ن ت د ع ه. Al Husayn Bin Muhammad, from Moalla Bin Muhammad, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Al Washa, from Hammad Bin Usman, from Umar Bin Yazeed who said, I said to Abu Abdullah asws, The Fasting is difficult upon me. So he asws said to me: The Dirham you give in charity with is superior than Fasting a day. Then he asws said: And I asws do not like it if you were to neglect it (Fasting). 7 أ ب و ع ل ي األ ش ع ر ي ع ن م م د ب ن ع ب د ا ج ب ار ع ن ص ف و ان ب ن ح ى ع ن ي ز يد ب ن خ ل يف ة ق ال ش ك و إ ل أ يب ع ب د الل ه عليه السالم ف ق ل ت إ أ ص د ع إ ذ ا ص م ت ه ذ ه الث ال ث ة األ ي ام و ي ق ع ل ي ق ال ف اص ن ع ك م ا أ ص ن ع إ ذ ا س اف ر ف إ إ ذ ا س اف ر ت ص د ق ت ع ن ك ل ي و م د م ن ق و أ ه ل ي ال ذ ي أ ق وت ه م ب ه. Abu Ali Al Ashary, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Jabbar, from Safwan Bin Yahya, from Yazeed Bin Khaleefa who said, I complained to Abu Abdullah asws, so I said, I tend to get a headache when I Fast these three days, and it is grievous upon me. He asws said: So you should do just as I asws do when I asws travel. So I asws, when I asws travel, give in charity for each day with a Mudd (approximately 750g. of food) of daily subsistence of my asws family which I asws tend to provide them with. 8 م م د ب ن ح ى ع ن م م د ب ن احل س ي ع ن م م د ب ن إ س اع يل ب ن ب ز يع ع ن ص ال ح ب ن ع ق ب ة ع ن ع ق ب ة ق ال ق ل ت أل يب ع ب د الل ه عليه السالم ج ع ل ت ف د اك إ ق د ك ب و ع ف ت ع ن الص ي ام ف ك ي ف أ ص ن ع ب ذ ه الث ال ث ة األ ي ام ك ل ش ه ر ف ق ال ي ا ع ق ب ة ت ص د ق ب د ر ه م ع ن ك ل ي و م ق ال ق ل ت د ر ه م و اح د ق ال ل ع ل ه ا ك ب ر ع ن د ك و أ ن ت ت س ت ق ل الد ر ه م ق ال ق ل ت إ ن ن ع م الل ه ع ز و ج ل ع ل ي ل س اب غ ة ف ق ال ي ا ع ق ب ة ل ط ع ام م س ل م خ ي ر م ن ص ي ام ش ه ر. 5 Al Kafi V 4 The Book of Fasts Ch 59 H 1 6 Al Kafi V 4 The Book of Fasts Ch 59 H 4 7 Al Kafi V 4 The Book of Fasts Ch 59 H 5 8 Al Kafi V 4 The Book of Fasts Ch 59 H 6 Page 6 of 13
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn, from Muhammad Bin Ismail Bin Bazie, from Salih Bin Uqba, from Uqba who said, I said to Abu Abdullah asws, May I be sacrificed for you asws! I have aged and weakened from Fasting. So how should I deal with these three days during every month? So he asws said: O Uqba! Give in charity with a Dirham for each day. I said, One Dirham? He asws said: Perhaps it is grievous with you, and you are belittling the Dirham. I said, Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic has Favoured upon me with abundance. So he asws said: O Uqba! Feeding a Muslim is better than Fasting (for) a month. 9 Delaying Fasting to Shorter Days: ع د ة م ن أ ص ح اب ن ا ع ن أ مح د ب ن م م د ع ن احل س ن ب ن م ب وب ع ن إ ب ر اه يم ب ن م ه ز م ع ن ح س ي ب ن أ يب مح ز ة ع ن أ يب مح ز ة ق ال ق ل ت أل يب ج ع ف ر عليه السالم ص و م ث ال ث ة أ ي ام م ن ك ل ش ه ر أ ؤ خ ر ه إ ل ال ت اء ث أ ص وم ه ا ق ال ال ب أ س ب ذ ل. A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al Hassan Bin Mahboub, from Ibrahim Bin Mihzam, from Husayn Bin Abu Hamza, from Abu Hamza who said, I said to Abu Ja far asws, Can I either Fast the three days from each month, or delay it to the winter, then Fast them? He asws said: There is no problem with that. 10 أ مح د ب ن إ د ر يس و م م د ب ن ح ى ع ن م م د ب ن أ مح د ع ن أ مح د ب ن احل س ن ع ن ع م ر و ب ن س ع يد ع ن م ص د ق ب ن ص د ق ة ع ن ع م ار ب ن م وس ى ع ن أ يب ع ب د الل ه عليه السالم ق ال س أ ل ت ه ع ن الر ج ل ي ك ون ع ل ي ه م ن الث ال ث ة أ ي ام ال ه ر ه ل ي ص ل ح ل ه أ ن ي ؤ خ ر ه ا أ و ي ص وم ه ا آخ ر ال ه ر ق ال ال ب أ س ق ل ت ي ص وم ه ا م ت و ال ي ة أ و ي ف ر ق ب ي ن ه ا ق ال م ا أ ح إ ن ش اء م ت و ال ي ة و إ ن ش اء ف ر ق ب ي ن ه م ا. Ahmad Bin Idress and Muhammad Bin yahya, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad, from Ahmad Bin Al Hassan, from Amro Bin Saeed, from Musaddaq Bin Sadaqa, from Ammar Bin Musa, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws, said, I asked him asws about the man who happens to have upon him (the Fasts) from the three days of the month. Is it correct for him that he delays it, or Fasts them during the end of the month? He asws said: There is no problem. I said, Can he Fast these successively or separate between them? He asws said: Whatever he likes, successively if he so desires to or if he so desires to, he can separate between them. 11 9 Al Kafi V 4 The Book of Fasts Ch 59 H 7 10 Al Kafi V 4 The Book of Fasts Ch 60 H 2 11 Al Kafi V 4 The Book of Fasts Ch 60 H 3 Page 7 of 13
The Days when Its more Rewarding to Fast ع ل ي ب ن إ ب ر اه يم ع ن أ ب يه ع ن ال ق اس م ب ن ح ى ع ن ج د ه احل س ن ب ن ر اش د ع ن أ يب ع ب د الل ه عليه السالم ق ال ق ل ت ج ع ل ت ف د ا ك ل ل م س ل م ي ع يد غ ي ر ال ع يد ي ن ق ال ن ع م ي ا ح س ن أ ع ظ م ه م ا و أ ش ر ف ه م ا ق ل ت و أ ي ي و م ه و ق ال ه و ي و م ن ص أ م ي ال م ؤم ن ي ص ل و ا الل ه و س ال م ه ع ل ي ه ف يه ع ل ما ل لن اس Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Al Qasim Bin Yahya, from grandfather Al Hassan Bin Rashid, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws, said, I said, May I be sacrificed for you asws! Is there for the Muslims an Eid other than the two Eids? He asws said: Yes, O Hassan, one greater than these two and more noble. I said, And which day is it? He asws said: It is the day in which Amir Al-Momineen asws was nominated as a flag for the people. ق ل ت ج ع ل ت ف د اك و م ا ي ن ب غ ي ل ن ا أ ن ن ص ن ع ف يه ق ال ت ص وم ه ي ا ح س ن و ت ك ث ر الص ال ة ع ل ى م م د و آل ه و ت ب ر أ إ ل الل ه م ن ظ ل م ه م ف إ ن األ ن ب ي اء ص ل و ا الل ه ع ل ي ه م ك ان ت ت أ م ر األ و ص ي اء ب ال ي و م ال ذ ي ك ان ي ق ام ف يه ال و ص ي أ ن ي ت خ ذ ع يدا I said, May I be sacrificed for you asws! And what is befitting for us that we should be doing during it? He asws said: You should be Fasting it, O Hassan, and frequenting the Salawaat upon Muhammad asws and the Progeny asws of Muhammad saww, and disavowing to Allah azwj from the one who oppressed them, for the Prophets as used to order the successors as with the day in which the successor as was nominated in, that they (the people) should be taking it as an Eid. ق ال ق ل ت ف م ا ل م ن ص ام ه ق ال ص ي ام س ت ي ش ه را و ال ت د ع ص ي ام ي و م س ب ع و ع ر ين م ن ر ج ف إ ن ه ه و ال ي و م ال ذ ي ن ز ل ت ف يه الن ب و ة ع ل ى م م د صلى اهلل عليه وآله و ث و اب ه م ث ل س ت ي ش ه را ل ك م. He (the narrator) said, I said, So what is for the one who Fasts it? He asws said: The Fasts of sixty months; and do not leave the Fast of the twenty seventh of Rajab, for it is the day in which the Prophet-hood descended upon Muhammad saww, and its Reward is like sixty months for you. 12 ممد بن علي الفتال الفارسي رو ة الواعظي قال : روي أن يوم السابع ع ر من ربيع االول هو يوم مولد النيب صلى اهلل عليه وآله وسلم فمن صامه كت اهلل له صيام ستي سنة. Mohammed Bin Ali El-Fattal, Al-Farsi has narrated (in Roza tul Waizeen): It is narrated regarding seventeenth day of Rabi ul Awwal that it s the day when (world) was blessed with Holy Prophet saww, whoever fasts on this day Allah azwj Writes rewards (for that person) for sixty years of fasting. 13 12 Al Kafi V 4 The Book of Fasts Ch 63 H 1 H. 13837,وسائل ال يعة ج 10 ص: 13 455 Page 8 of 13
و املقنعة قال : قد ورد اخل ب عن الصادقي عليهم السالم بف ل صيام أربعة أيام السنة إ ل أن قال : يوم السابع ع ر من ربيع االول وهواليوم الذي ولد فيه رسول اهلل صلى اهلل عليه وآله وسلم فمن صامه كت اهلل له صيام ستي سنة ويوم السابع والع رين من رج وهو اليوم الذي بعث فيه رسول اهلل صلى اهلل عليه وآله وسلم فمن صامه كان صيامه كفارة ستي شهرا ويوم اخلامس والع رين من ذي القعدة فيه دحيت االرض ويوم الغدير فيه نص رسول اهلل صلى اهلل عليه وآله وسلم أم ي املؤمني عليه السالم إماما. It is from (Maqunah) who says: The news has been received from the Sadaqeen asws ; fast for four days in the year: the seventeenth day of Rabi ul Awwal - it s the day when (world) was blessed with Holy Prophet saww so whoever fasts (on the 17 th Rabi ul Awwal) Allah azwj Writes rewards for fasting of sixty years, and on the twenty-seventh of Rajab, the day of Appointment of Rasool Allah saww (as Prophet for masses) fasting during it is the كفارة expiation of sixty months, and on the twenty-fifth of Zeqad when earth was spread out, and on the day of Ghadir (18 th of Zilhajj) when Rasool Allah saww appointed Amir-ul-Momineen asws as an Imam asws (for all living beings). 14 س ع يد ب ن ه ب ة الل ه الر او ن د ي اخل ر ائ ج و ا ج ر ائ ح ع ن إ س ح اق ب ن ع ب د الل ه ال ع ل و ي ال ع ر ي ي ق ال : ر ك أ يب و ع م وم ت إ ل أ يب احل س ن ع و ق د اخ ت ل ف وا األ ي ام ال ت ت ص ام الس ن ة و ه و م ق يم ب ق ر ي ة ق ب ل س ي ه إ ل س ر م ن ر أ ى- ف ق ال ل م ج ئ ت م ت س أ ل و ع ن األ ي ام ال ت ت ص ام الس ن ة ف ق ال وا م ا ج ئ ن اك إ ال ل ذ ا Saeed Bin Hibbatullah Al Rawandy in (the book) Al Kharaij, from Is haq Bin Abdullah Al Alawy Al Ureyzi who said, My father and my aunt rode to Abu Al-Hassan asws, and they had differed regarding the days in which to Fast during the year, and he asws was staying at a town before his asws journey to Surrmanray. He asws said to them: You have come to ask me asws (to ask) about the days in which to Fast during the year? They said, We did not come to you asws except for this. ع ر م ن ر ب ي ع األ و ل- و ه و ال ي و م ال ذ ي و ل د ف يه ر س ول الل ه ص و ال ي و م الس اب ع و ال ع ر ون م ن ر ج - و ه و ف ق ال ال ي و م الس اب ع ال ي و م ال ذ ي ب ع ث ف يه ر س ول الل ه ص و ال ي و م اخل ام س و ال ع ر ون م ن ذ ي ال ق ع د ة - و ه و ال ي و م ال ذ ي د ح ي ت ف يه األ ر ض م ن ت ت ال ك ع ب ة - و ال ي و م الث ام ن ع ر م ن ذ ي احل ج ة و ه و ي و م ال غ د ير. So he (the Imam asws ) said: The seventeenth day of Rabi ul Awwal (the 17th) and it is the day when (the world was) blessed with Rasool-Allah saww, and the twenty seventy day of Rajab (27 th ) and it is the day during which Rasool-Allah saww was Appointed (as a Rasool of Allah azwj for masses), and the twenty fifth day of Zil-Qadah (25 th ) and it is the day during which the earth (land) was spread out from beneath the Kabah and the eighteenth day of Zilhajj, and it is the day of Al-Ghadir. 15 H. 13836,وسائل ال يعة ج 10 ص: 14 455 H 13833 وسائل ال يعة ج 10 ص: 15 455 Page 9 of 13
The Conditions of Terminating Fasting (prior to its end time) ع ل ي ب ن إ ب ر اه يم ع ن ص ال ح ب ن ع ب د الل ه ع ن أ يب احل س ن عليه السالم ق ال ق ل ت ل ه ج ع ل ت ف د اك ع ل ي ص ي ام ش ه ر إ ن خ ر ج ع م ي م ن احل ب س ف خ ر ج ف أ ص ب ح و أ ن ا أ ر يد الص ي ام ف ي ج يئ ن ب ع ض أ ص ح اب ن ا ف أ د ع و ب ال غ د اء و أ ت غ د ى م ع ه ق ا ل ال ب أ س. Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Salih Bin Abdullah, (It has been narrated) from Abu Al-Hassan asws, said, I said to him asws, May I be sacrificed for you asws! Upon me are Fasts for a month if my uncle would come out from the prison. So he came out. So I woke up in the morning and I intended the Fasting, but one of our companions came over to me. So I called for the lunch and had lunch with him. The Imam asws said: There is no problem. 16 ع د ة م ن أ ص ح اب ن ا ع ن س ه ل ب ن ز ي اد ع ن احل س ن ب ن م ب وب ع ن إ س ح اق ب ن ع م ار ع ن أ يب ع ب د الل ه عليه السالم ق ال إ ف ط ار ك أل خ ي ال م ؤ م ن أ ف ل م ن ص ي ام ت ط و عا. A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Al Hassan Bin Mahboub, from Is haq Bin Ammar, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws having said: Your breaking the Fast for your Believing brother is superior to your own optional Fast. 17 م م د ب ن ح ى ع ن م م د ب ن احل س ي ع ن م م د ب ن إ س اع يل ع ن ص ال ح ب ن ع ق ب ة ع ن ج يل ب ن د ر اج ق ال ق ال أ ب و ع ب د الل ه عليه السالم م ن د خ ل ع ل ى أ خ يه و ه و ص ائ م ف أ ف ط ر ع ن د ه و م ي ع ل م ه ب ص و م ه ف ي م ن ع ل ي ه ك ت الل ه ل ه ص و م س ن ة. Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn, from Muhammad Bin Ismail, from Salih Bin Uqba, from Jameel Bin Darraj who said, Abu Abullah asws said: The one who goes over to his brother and he is Fasting, so he breaks in his presence and he does not let him know of his Fast that he is doing him a favour, Allah azwj would Write for him the Fasts of a year. 18 م م د ب ن ح ى ع ن احل س ن ب ن ع ل ي الد ين و ر ي ع ن م م د ب ن ع يس ى ع ن ص ال ح ب ن ع ق ب ة ق ال د خ ل ت ع ل ى ج ي ل ب ن د ر اج و ب ي ي د ي ه خ و ان ع ل ي ه غ س ان ي ة ي أ ك ل م ن ه ا ف ق ال اد ن ف ك ل ف ق ل ت إ ص ائ م ف ت ر ك ن ح ت إ ذ ا أ ك ل ه ا ف ل م ي ب ق م ن ه ا إ ال ال ي س ي ع ز م ع ل ي أ ال أ ف ط ر ف ق ل ت ل ه أ ال ك ان ه ذ ا ق ب ل الس اع ة ف ق ال أ ر د ب ذ ل أ د ب ث ق ال س ع ت أ ب ا ع ب د الل ه عليه السالم ي ق و ل أ ي ا ر ج ل م ؤ م ن د خ ل ع ل ى أ خ يه و ه و ص ائ م ف س أ ل ه األ ك ل ف ل م ي ب ه ب ص ي ام ه ل ي م ن ع ل ي ه ب إ ف ط ا ر ه ك ت الل ه ج ل ث ن اؤ ه ل ه ب ذ ل ال ي و م ص ي ا م س ن ة. 16 Al Kafi V 4 The Book of Fasts Ch 58 H 3 17 Al Kafi V 4 The Book of Fasts Ch 64 H 1 18 Al Kafi V 4 The Book of Fasts Ch 64 H 3 Page 10 of 13
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Al Deynawry, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Salih Bin Uqba who said, I went over to Jameel Bin Darraj and in front of him was a meal, eating eagerly from it. So he said, Approach and eat. So I said, I am Fasting. So he neglected me until when he had eaten it, and there did not remain from it except for a little, he insisted upon me, Will you not break? So I said to him, Why did you not insist before this time? So he said, I wanted to educate you with that. Then he said, I heard Abu Abdullah asws saying: Whichever Believing man goes over to his brother and he is Fasting, so he asks him to eat, and he does not inform him of his Fasting to favour upon him with his breaking, Allah azwj, Majestic is His azwj Praise, would Write for that day for him, the Fasts of a year. 19 ع ل ي ب ن م م د ع ن اب ن ج ه ور ع ن ب ع ض أ ص ح اب ه ع ن ع ل ي ب ن ح د يد ق ال ق ل ت أل يب احل س ن ال ق و م و ه م ي أ ك ل ون و ق د ص ل ي ت ال ع ص ر و أ ن ا ص ائ م ف ي ق ول ون أ ف ط ر ف ق ال أ ف ط ر ف إ ن ه أ ف ل. ال م ا ي عليه السالم أ د خ ل ع ل ى Ali Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Jamhour, from one of his companions, from Ali Bin Hadeed who said, I said to Abu Al-Hassan Al-Maazy asws (7 th Imam asws ), I go over to the group of people and they are eating, and Al-Asr has arrived, and I am Fasting. So they are saying, Break. So he asws said: Break, for it is superior. 20 اهلل أيب رمحه اهلل قال: حدثنا سعد بن عبد اهلل عن امحد بن ممد عن ممد ابن احلسن بن عالن عن ممد بن عبد اهلل عن عبد بن جندب عن بعض الصادقي عليهم السالم قال: من دخل على اخيه وهو صائم تطوعا فافطر كان له اجران أجر لنيته لصيامه وأجر الدخال السرور عليه. My father said, Sa ad Bin Abdullah narrated to us, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Ibn Al Hassan Bin Alaan, from Muhammad Bin Abdullah, from Abdullah Bin Jundab, (It has been narrated) from one of the two truthful ones asws (5 th or 6 th Imam asws ), having said: The one who comes over to his brother, and he is Fasting a voluntary (Fast), so he should break it, and there would be double Recompense for him one Recompense for his intention for his Fast, and one Recompense for making enter the cheerfulness unto him. 21 حدثنا امحد بن ممد قال: حدثنا سعد بن عبد اهلل عن ممد بن احلسي عن صاحل بن عقبة عن جيل بن دراج قال: قال أبو عبد اهلل ع من دخل على أخيه وهو صائم فافطر عنده و م يعلمه بصومه فيمن عليه كت اهلل له عزوجل صوم سنة. Ahmad Bin Muhammad narrated to us, from Sa ad Bin Abdullah, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn, from Salih Bin Uqba, from Jameel Bin Daraaj, 19 Al Kafi V 4 The Book of Fasts Ch 64 H 4 20 Al Kafi V 4 The Book of Fasts Ch 64 H 5 21 ILLAL AL SHARAIE V 2 Ch 120 H 1 Page 11 of 13
Abu Abdullah asws has said: The one who goes over to his brother and he is Fasting, so he should break his Fast with him, and not to let him know of his Fast. Thus, he would be from the ones upon who Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic would Write for him the Fasts for a year. 22 The Conditions of Observing Optional Fast م م د ب ن ح ى ع ن أ مح د ب ن م م د ع ن م م د ب ن خ ال د ع ن ال ق اس م ب ن ع ر و ة ع ن ب ع ض أ ص ح اب ه ع ن أ يب ع ب د الل ه عليه السالم ق ال ق ال ال ي ص ل ح ل ل م ر أ ة أ ن ت ص وم ت ط و عا إ ال ب إ ذ ن ز و ج ه ا. Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Al Qasim Bin Urwa, from one of his companions, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws having said: It is not correct for the wife that she Fasts the Mustahab Optional Fast except by the permission of her husband. 23 م م د ب ن ح ى ع ن م م د ب ن أ مح د ع ن أ مح د ب ن ه ال ل ع ن م ر و ك ب ن ع ب ي د ع ن ن ي ب ن ص ال ح ع ن ه ام ب ن احل ك م ع ن أ يب ع ب د الل ه عليه السالم ق ال ق ال ر س ول الل ه صلى اهلل عليه وآله م ن ف ق ه ال ي ف أ ن ال ي ص وم ت ط و عا إ ال ب إ ذ ن ص اح ب ه و م ن ط اع ة ال م ر أ ة ل ز و ج ه ا أ ن ال ت ص وم ت ط و عا إ ال ب إ ذ ن ه و أ م ر ه و م ن ص ال ح ال ع ب د و ط اع ت ه و ن ص ح ه ل م و ال ه أ ن ال ي ص وم ت ط و عا إ ال ب إ ذ ن م و اله ا و إ ال ك ان ال ي ف ج اه ال و ك ان ت ال م ر أ ة ع اص ي ة و ك ان ال ع ب د و أ م ر ه و م ن ب ر ال و ل د أ ن ال ي ص وم ت ط و عا إ ال ب إ ذ ن أ ب و ي ه و أ م ر ه ف اس قا ع اص يا و ك ان ال و ل د ع اق ا. Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad, from Ahmad Bin Hilal, from Marwak Bin Ubeyd, from Nasheet Bin Salih, from Hisham Bin Al Hakam, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws having said: Rasool-Allah saww said: It is from an understanding of the guest that he would not Fast voluntarily except by the permission of his host; and from the obedience of the wife to her husband is that she would not be Fasting voluntarily (optional Fasts) except by his permission; and from the correctness of the slave and his obedience, and his correctness to his master that he would not be Fasting voluntarily except by the permission of his master and his instruction; and from the righteousness of the child that he would not Fast voluntarily except by the permission of his parents, and their instruction or else the guest would be ignorant, and the wife would be disobedient, and the slave would be wicked, disobedient, and the child would be disloyal. 24 ع ل ي ب ن م م د ب ن ب ن د ار و غ ي ر ه ع ن إ ب ر اه يم ب ن إ س ح اق ب إ س ن اد ذ ك ر ه ع ن ال ف ي ل ب ن ي س ار ع ن أ يب ج ع ف ر عليه السالم ق ا ل ق ال ر س ول الل ه صلى اهلل عليه وآله إ ذ ا د خ ل ر ج ل ب ل د ة ف ه و ي ف ع ل ى م ن ب ا م ن أ ه ل د ين ه ح ت ي ر ح ل ع ن ه م و ال ي ن ب غ ي 22 ILLAL AL SHARAIE V 2 Ch 120 H 3 23 Al Kafi V 4 The Book of Fasts Ch 65 H 1 24 Al Kafi V 4 The Book of Fasts Ch 65 H 2 Page 12 of 13
ال يء ف ي ف س د ع ل ي ه م و ال ي ن ب غ ي ل م أ ن ي ص وم وا إ ال ب إ ذ ن ال ي ف ل ئ ال ح ت م ه م ل ل ي ف أ ن ي ص وم إ ال ب إ ذ ن م ل ئ ال ي ع م ل وا ف ي ت ه ي الط ع ام ف ي ت ر ك ه ل م. Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Bundar and someone else, from Ibrahim Bin Is haq, by a chain he mentioned, from Al Fuzayl Bin Yasaar, (It has been narrated) from Abu Ja far asws having said: Rasool-Allah saww said: When a man enters a city, so he is a guest upon the ones who are in it, from the people of his Religion, until he departs from them. And, it is not befitting for the guest that he should be Fasting except with their permission, perhaps they would be making something, so it would spoil upon them. And, it is not befitting for them that they should be Fasting except with the permission of the guest, perhaps he would be embarrassed, so he would desire the food, but he would leave it for them. 25 25 Al Kafi V 4 The Book of Fasts Ch 65 H 3 Page 13 of 13