JnattJjitratijjn. Statue of Horace Mann.

JnttJjitrtijjn Sttue of Horce Mnn.

INAUGURATION STATUE OF HORACE MANN, IN THE STATE-HOUSE GROUNDS, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, JULY 4, 1865: THE ADDEESSES OF GOV. ANDREW, JOHN D. PHILBRICK, PRESIDENT HILL, DR. S. G. HOWE, AND OTHERS. BOSTON: WALKER, FULLER, AND COMPANY. 1865.

Only Fifty copies printed on lrge ppier. ^ ^-^ -X^ ' -5,o Boston: PrintedbyJohn WilsonndSon.

THE MANN STATUE. The deth of Horce Mnn clled forth mny public expressions of esteem nd dmirtion from people in vriousprts oftheunited Sttes,who regrded him sgretndgoodmn,ndpublicbenefctor." Thispmphletismerely record ofthe eventsconnectedwiththeerection ofthebronzesttueinfrontof the Stte House in Boston. Soon fter the news ofmr. Mnn's deth reched Msschusetts, cll ws issued for public meeting, to tke pproprite mesures upon the sd event. A lrge number of persons ssembled, nd deep feeling ws mnifested. A strong wishwsexpressed tht some suitble nd permnent memoril of Mr. Mnn should be procui-ed, nd plced in public view. The following persons Avere nmed s Committee to crryouttheviews ofthemeeting :SmuelG.Howe, George Boutwell, Josih Quincy, George B. Emerson, Alpheus Crosby, Ezr S. Gnnett, Gideon F. Thyer, Kobert C. Wterston, nd Edwrd Edmunds. Dr. Howe Avs fterwrds chosen Chirmn, nd R. C. Wterston, Secretry.

Meetings of the Committee were held, from time to time, soccsionrequired;butthemngement ofthe business principlly devolved upon the Chirmn. Subscription ppers were circulted through the Stte, but especilly mong the techers; nd fund ws rised, minly in very smll sums. A petition ws presented to the Legislture, during the following winter, for leve to erect bronze sttue in the Cpitol grounds. The Legislture not only grnted the leve, but pproprited the sum of one thousnd five hundred dollrs to erect suitble pedestl ; the sme to be expended under the direction of the Committee on Stte House Grounds. Thisws nunusul ndverystriking proofofthe highregrdinwhichmr.mnnwsheld bypersons in llprtsofthe Stte. After negotitions with severl rtists, commission forthesttuewsgiventomissemmstebbins. THE INAUGURATION. The sttuews received inbostoninthespringof 1865,ndwsinugurtederlyonthemorningofthe 4th of July. The ceremonies were simple nd impressive. The sttue ws covered with cloth. There ws gtheringofeminent ndernestmenndwomen on thepltforminthe rer. The green ws filledwith school-children, nd throng of people closed in on both sides.

After ppropritemusic bythe GermniBnd,the. Chirmnspoke sfollows: FriendsndFellow-Citizens, Humninstinctsled men,inll ges,tobuild monuments ofsomekindin memory of those individuls who mnifest in striking degree the qulities which re held iii the highest esteemintheir genertion. Svges rise pileofstones over the bodies oftheir strongest nd most cunning chiefs ; brbrins erect monuments to the gret conquerors ; militry people, to gret generls ; democrcies, togretortors ;ristocrcies, tothe " purpleborn,"nd thelike. Given the monuments which nypeople or nysetofmenbuild,ndyoumyknowthechrcter of the builders. Inllges,thegretrtistshvebeenclleduponto illustrte nd to perpetute on cnvs, in mrble, or in bronze, the viitues nd excellences of those whom the people held in high esteem. Hitherto, for the most prt,thesehonorsofrthvebeenmonopolizedbythe gretfighters, bythegretwriters,orbythegret tlkers. We, to-dy, dedicte monumenttothe memory ofmnwhosegretnessgrewoutofhislove forhis fellow-men, his belief in their innte goodness nd cpcity for improvement, nd his burning zel to elevte ndtoimprovethem. Helovedthepeople ;helivedfor ndlboredforthepeople ;ny,hediedfor thepeople, insmuch s his premture deth wsbrought on by over-zel nd over-work in the cuse of populr eduction. Fellow-citizens, it is proper tht such Stte s Msschusetts shouldrermonument tosuchmn; foritisliketheproofofhis gretness ndgoodness,

;*JIggie W.Wlker nd of their virtue nd intelligence. And the people of Msschusetts hve indeed built one, since the mens for erecting thissttueweregivenbythepeople tlrg^ ndnotbytherich. Afewrich gve oftheirbundnce; but mny poor gve oftheir poverty. The school-mster, who could spre but dollr; the schoolmistress, who could spre butfifty cents; the little boys ndgirlswhocould give but dime, hve ll contributed tothiswork; ndthestte ofmsschusettsherself, siftostmpherpprovlupon it, bythe vote of the Legislture, contributed the money to build thepedestl. The monument stnds,therefore, of the people's love nd reverence for token mn who loved nd respected them. The work itself hs been done by n Americn womn hert; by ; by Avomn ofgenius ndof womn who, inspired by the nobleness of her subject, hs wrought outwith cunning hndthe monument which we now unveil to your eyes, the Sttue of Horce M^n. As he pronounced the lstwords, the knot which confined the covering ws loosed, nd the cloth slipping slowly down reveled the sttue to sight, mid much ppluse nd congrtultion ; for it ws evident to ll, t first glnce, tht the rtist hd cught the likeness, nd tht, s In tripped up moment, upon the hed whole, her work ws gret success. sweet littlegirl* ofsix yers old light ldder behind the Sttue, nd plced effect of this ws very touching. crown of fresh lurel leves. The dugliter of Mr. Jmes P. Wlker, of Boston.

^f ^ Eev. R. C. Wterston then offered the following Pryer : ' T Almighty God, Source of infinite Avisdom! on this gret dyof thention'srejoicing, this hirthdyof freedom, der to ll our herts, ssocited with so mny inspiring thoughts nd principles, we would invoke thy blessing upon the occsion which hs brought us together. The friends of eduction would consecrte before thee, nd to the best interests of humnity, this memoril of gret nd good mn. Holy Fther, thou who hst never left the world without witness, who hst rised up through the succeeding genertions guidingspiritstobe thelightoftheir dy, wethnktheeforthelonglineof mrtyrsndreformers, forthemen,truendmgnnimous, who,in pst time, hvebeenthebenefctors ofmnkind. Onthisdy,we would thnk thee for ll who hve dedicted their powers tothe cuseof goodness, nd the dvncement of their rce in our Commonwelth, nd throughout the country. Especilly, Almighty God, would we thnk thee, tht in this lnd, where the institutions of lerning i-e reverenced, thou didst rise up thy servnt tobe Leder mong thepeople, nd topromote with such mrked success the welfre of his country. We thnk thee. HolyFther, for those remrkble gifts withwhich thou didst endow him, which he zelously devoted to the public service. We thnk thee, thtinthyprovidence hews clled from his privte studies nd pursuits, to work so intimtely connected with the elevtion ofthecommonwelth; nd re re-

joiced tht we hve mong us the enduring monuments ofhiswise zel ndself-scrificingfidelity, thehospitls which hve been erected forthe benefit ofthe unfortunte, nd those seminries of lerning, the Norml-schools, the fii"stestblished uponthiscontinent, consecrted by histoil, Centres oflightndbeneficence. We thnk thee for ll tht he ccomplished through succeeding yers of judicious lbor: nd now, Almighty God, tht we behold the wide-spred results ofhis efforts, we hve here met tht we mypy grteful tribute to his memory ; bowmg in hert-felt dortion before thee thtsuch mn hslived,nd thtwerepermittedto see portionoftheingthering hrvests from the seeds which he scttered brod. Theoldndtheyoung, thewisendtheunlerned,the hed of the Commonwelth, the techers of our schools, our legisltors, ourphilnthropists,thelittlecliildrenof thelnd,hve come together,tht theymypourforth their grteful thnksgiving to thee, nd tht they my be quickened by the memory of his deeds nd his chrcter. O God! in thy presence we hve seen the innocent hnd of childhood lying its wreth upon this lofty brow, in reverentil ffection. We now dedicte this sttue to lltht istruest nd best m the Commonwelth: we pry. Hevenly Fther, tht it mystndhereinthepublic plce, before thehlls oflegisltion, to guide, toquicken, nd tocheer; to kindle pureptriotism, love oftruth,ofvirtue, nd ofmnkind. Onthisdyoffreedom, whenourvictoriousrmies rereturningtotheir peceful homes,the integrityofthentionpreserved ; inthiswonderful

periodofourhistory,when every fetterhsfllenoris flling,ndslveryistoexistnolonger,wehvessembled, mid gret rejoicings, to consecrte this sttue in lnd of Universl Freedom. Holy Fther, we recognize thee in thy mrvellousworkings;nd we prytht this monument mystnd,from genertion to genertion, memoril of self-devoted toil, wisdom, nd philnthropy, inspiring the young to renewed effort. We pryfor thyblessinguponthecommonwelth nd the whole country, our universities nd schools, nd upon llforwhomwe should pry throughout theworld. To thee. SourceofSupremeIntelligence,weconsecrte this workof rt. Myit ccelerte the progress of Truth, nd herld the comingofthykingdom ; nd unto Thee, through the blessed Redeemer, who went bout doinggood, wewillreturn prise nd thnksgiving nd homge, for ever nd ever. Amen. The Chirmn then introduced His Excellency GovernorAndrew, whospoke sfollows: FriendsndFellow-citizens, Onthe17thofJune, thenniversryofthebttle ofbunkerhill,we dedicted,onthebnks ofthemerrimc, votive column, rered tothememory ofthoseavhofellsthefirstmrtyrsinthe gret rebellion. To-dy,the 4th ofjuly, nertheshoreofthebyofmsschusetts, weinugurte this sttue of enduring bronze, to preserve in memory, nd tohnddown tothe genertions, the form nd feturesofsge,whoselifehelpedtomkethose simple citizens heroic soldiers, nd to render possible the triumph of liberty nd mnhood, of which the

10 demonstrtions signlizing this nniversry re joyful nd continentl celebrtion. Theywereyoung, ndborethewepons ofwravhen theyfell. Hewsmturein ge, ndknewnowepon but his voice nd pen. They obeyed their country, nd mrched themoment theyherd hercll. Hewselect fromhiserlymnhood tohishighvoction, when,t hisgrdution from college, he discoursed on " The Progressive Chrcter of the Humn Rce." Theirs wsbrief, shrp conflict. Hisws the struggle nd thetoilof mnymnlyyers. AVorn out byexcessive devotion tohiswork,he notlessthnthey whowere slininfight seemed to thevisionofmn to hve died before his time. InMy,1796,Horce Mnnws born, ntive of Msschusetts. Grduted t Brown University in RhodeIslnd,where hewsfterwrds tutorofltin ndgreek, hebecme,in1823, member ofthebr of Norfolk. The next yer, forty-one yers go this dy, he delivered t Uedhm n ortion commemortive of Americn Independence. Three yers fter tht, he ws chosen to represent thetownofdedhmin the Generl Court of the Commonwelth. In 1836 he ws Presidentofthe Sente,towhich hehd been elected from the County of Suffolk, hving chnged his residence, nd become citizen of Boston. ItwsinhischirsthepresidingofficeroftheSentethtIfirstswthismost impressive ndtrulyeminent person, who,thoughlredyripeinge, mturein thought, nd of much experience in ff"irs, hd then scrcely lid the visible foundtion of his subsequent

11 gret nd enduring fme. It ws one yer lter thn tht when he becme Secretry of the Msschusetts Bord of Eduction. And in tht new position, Avhich he creted rtherthn filled,he rose,byrregenius forworkinwhichhecouldbecome the benefctor of mnkind, to lsting nd cknowledged gretness. He proved howloftythought,how grnd ides, exct nd preciselerning,combined with poetic conception, with creful nd toilsome elbortion of the humblest detils, nd Avith energy nd undying fith, could be united nd mdevisiblymnifestinthelifeofsingle mn. Itishrdlytoomuch toffu-m,thtthe eleven yers ofhisservice sthehedofthesystemofpopulreduction in Msschusetts lifted the cuse itself into prominence nd vlue in the public thought, not known before, reformed nd vitlized the system itself, nd thus. fr,until this hour, hs given tollothermentheir sufficient tskintryingtoholdupthestndrd herered lmost lone. ThedethofJohnQuincyAdms,inhisplceinCongress, turned the people towrd Horce Mnn for his successor. He obeyed their cll. In 1848 he scended the stepsof the Cpitol, towerthe mntle oftht wonderful old mn, who, fter his own public creer hd once pprently ended, hd contributed more to the lsting fme of Msschusetts nd to Americn liberty thn hd been done byll his contemporries in the public service from his ntive Commonwelth. In Congress, onthestump,orinthecourt-room when he defended Dryton nd Syres under ferocious slve code, Horce Mnn my be truly declred to hve

12 chieved, by mens of his mrvellous dilectics, his bsolute devotion, his endurnce of lbor, his ingenious nd fertile verstility of intellect, ll tht could hve beenexpectedofpersonwhosepreviouslifehdbeen tht of uninterrupted politicl or professionl employment. And yethe,fordozenyers, hdlidsidethe lw, for which he ws educted, nd hd bndoned politicl life, for which he hd exhibited so much dpttion, ndhdgivenhishertndbrinndhnd tothesingle tsk,withundividedeffort,of elevting the district school, nd of bettering the system by which children were tught the common rudiments of common knowledge. In 1853 he ccepted the Presidency of Antioch College,inOhio;ndthereheexpended thelstsix yers of most ctive,devoted, nd memorble lifeofduty ndhigh exmple. On everywork heundertook,he stmped himself. Thenceforthitboretheimgeofhis powerful will, his lofty conceptions, his singulr independence, his fithful integi'ity; nd these works, the meliortion of mn's estte by which he mde posterity his debtors, i'e the true monuments commemortive of suchchrcter ndsuch life. Notforhisske,therefore, butforours,ndforour children's, in the nme of Msschusetts, nd in behlf ofherpeople,ofthescred cuseoflerning nd the notlessholycuse ofliberty,i inugurte thismonumentl effigy of Horce Mnn. Here shll it stnd, mute but eloquent, in sunshine nd in storm. On the browofbeconhill,infrontofthecpitolofthecommonwelth, sidebyside,thesttuesofwebster ndof

13 Mnn will ttrct the gze of coming genertions, defyingthedecysoftime,longftertheseliving men nd women who ssist in this dy's ceremonies shll hve slept in the dust with their fthers. Ontheonehndis the sttue ofdnielwebster, the gret Jurist, the gret Sttesmn, the gret Americn. OntheotherhndisthesttueofHorceMnn, the techer of Philosophy in its ppliction both to politicsndtopopulr lerning, whose constituency wsmnkind. Therisingsunofthemorningwillturn fromthepurpleesttoslute hisbrow;ndwhenhis golden orbscendstothezenith,shiningdown from on highinthehevens, hewillwrpndwrm them both with generous embrceinhislmbentlovendglory. Thefollowinghymnwssungbychoirofchildren tothetuneof " " OldHundred: OThou twhosedrednmewe bend. Towhomourpurestvowswepy, Godoverll,inlovedescend, Andbless theserviceofthisdy. Our fthers here, pilgrim bnd, Fixedtheproudempireofthefree; Artmovedingldnesso'erthelnd, AndFithherltrsreredtothee. Here, too, to gurd, through every ge. The scred rights their vlor won, TheybdeInstruction spredher pge, AndsenddownTruthfromsiretoson. Here still, through ll succeeding time, Their stores my truth nd lerning bring. And still the nthem-note sublime To thee from children's children sing.

14 Dr. Howe then introduced John D. Philbrick, Esq., Superintendent of the Public Schools of Boston, who would represent the cityinthenecessry bsenceofthe Myor. Mr.Philbrick spoke sfollows: Mr.Chirmn, Imhppytoprticiptewithyou on this occsion, in doing honor to the gretest dvocte of populr eduction, by inugurting this monumentl sttue tohis memory, here beneth the wllsofthe Cpitol, on this most uspicious morning of our ntionl nniversry. Ifeelthtitisgood formetobehere ; not indeed tomke ny eulogyconcerningthis gret mn, since the rrngements contemplte no such service, but to unite with the friendsof humnitywho hvecusedthismemoriltobeerected,in dedicting it, with these simple ceremonies, to tht honored nme which is destined tohelpkeep the nme ofthis Commonwelth respectble for ges to come. Itwsnot my fortune to enjoythe privilege of n intimte cquintnce with Mr. Mnn ;but I lerned long go to venerte his chrcter, nd to be grteful for his selfscrificing lbors in the cuse of eduction. Not but ththehdother titles toourdmirtion nd regrd. Hews philnthropist nd sttesmn. But he will beknown ndhonoredherefter chiefly s the gret eductionist. His gret toils nd hisgrettriumphs were in the eductionl field, s the foremost chmpion inlltheworldtothisdy,ofthetruedoctrineof public instruction. All his other lbors nd services, whether in erlier or lter life, were but preprtory or supplementry to this grnd mission of his life. This

15 is,nd is to be,the crownofhisglory. The wyhe tookwshischoice,becusehethoughtitledtoeminent usefulness, though beset with difficulties nd trils. I rejoice tht it hs led to distinguished honor. Mr.Mnnoncesidofhimselfto friend, " All my boyish cstles in the ir hd reference to do something forthebenefitofmnkind;ndihdconvictiontht knowledge ws my needed instrument." Herewefindthekeytohiswholelife,hisends,his motives, nd his mens, thecultivtion ofhis o^vn mindndhertwiththeviewtousehiscquisitions nd powers for the improvement of his fellow-beings. He swndfelt,thttobedoerof good wsthetruend lwfulendofllspiring;ndthustnerly gehis mbition ws turned into the chnnel of benevolence. Grdully, s his mind expnded nd his observtion nd expressionwereenlrged, hecmetoseeclerly, beyondllshdow ofdoubt, thtthemostbeneficent of ll theworkwhich it ws given men to do,ws tht of diffusing knowledge nd virtue mong men. And, rising tlength bove the ends nd ims ofordinry sttesmnship, his comprehensive intellect, in its imperil sweep nd its prophetic forecst, cme to see tht our free institutes of government ndreligion the richinheritnce ofoui" fthers couldbemintined nd preserved nd enjoyed, only by n intelligent nd morl people. He sw lso, tht the necessry intellectul nd morl culture for the ntionl sfety, nd the ntionl prosperity nd hppiness, could be obtined only through the instrumentlity of Free Public Schools open to ll, good enough for ll,ndttended byll.

16 Nor did he stop here. He sw, nd demonstrted with irrefutble logic, nd enforced with eloquence unsurpssed, therightofeverychild toeduction, nd the corresponding duty of the Stte to furnish it. Andsobydegreesherosetotheheightofthegret rgument of Universl Eduction. Thus he seems to hve been prepred by providentil trining nd development for his high voction ; nd, when fully ripe for the undertking, the pproprite office ws providentilly redy for his cceptnce. On the29thofjune,1837,hewschosen thefirstsecretry of the Msschusetts Bord of Eduction. Never were mn nd plce better dpted to ech other. His boldness, combined with cution, his duntless courge nd unweried ptience, his zel nd fidelity, nd his fithinthe ultimte triumphoftheright ndin the progress of the rce, were the qulities needed in thepioneerwork he wsclledtoperform. Inthis office, which his nme hs rendered illustrious, he lbored during twelve yers for the elevtion nd regenertion of the public schools of the Stte, with n enthusism nd self-scrificing devotion which we cn now look bck upon nd contemplte only with stonishment nd dmirtion. Histwelve reports s Secretry ofthebord,hispublished lectures nd ddresses on the subject of populr eduction, ndhisessysinthe " Common-SchoolJournl,"which he edited during theperiodofhissecretryship, constitute by fr the most vluble body of eductionl literture ever produced by one mind. They hvegivennimpulse tothepublicmindonthesubject ofeduction ofinclculble importnce. Theyrehis

17 preserved, we would thnk tliee for ll which, under thy true monument, his ever-enduring memoril. The potent forces which he set in motion through the instrumentlity of his spoken nd written words continue their beneficent opertions in ll our borders. We see theireffectsinllthtwemostvlueinourciviliztion. It mywellbedoubted,whethernyothermnhsdone somuch shehs to shpe the destinynd determine the future history of the Commonwelth. Although, during those twelve yers, techniclly nd officilly limited in his ims to the specific tsk of elevting nd improving the public schools of this Stte, the eff'ects of his beneficent lbors soon extended from Stte to Stte, through theludnd beyond the se, till theywerefeltmoreorlessinevery civilizedntion ontheglobe. Neverhsnymnhddeeper,broder, truersenseofwhtpopulreduction should be, its nture ndnecessity, nd the mens of securingit; orwhosidmoreordidmore tosinkit deep intothe herts of men. Hisnmendfmere secure; theyneed no monumentofbronze ormrble toperpetute their memory. But,s n expression ofour pprecition ofthe trnscendent importnce of the cuse for which he lbored, it is eminently fit tht this sculptured imge should be setupwhereitwillmeetthe eyeof everylegisltor s heenters " ourhllsofcouncil." Indeed, " itisforus, theliving,rthertobededicted here tothe unfi^iished loork"whichhedidsomuchtopromote. " Itisrther forustobeherededicted tothe gret tsk remining before us, thtfromthis honored nme we tkein- 3

18 creseddevotion tothtcuseforwhiclihegvethelst mesure of devotion." 1 rejoice especilly in tliis occsion, becuse it is the first time in the historyof this country,if notof the world, tht the genius of Sculpture hs been invoked toidinrenderingsuch honors toonewho gve himselftotheeduction, iiotofsect,oroffvored clss, butofthewholemssofthepeople, therichndpoor, bond nd free, without distinction of rce, color, or ntionlity. It thus becomes in some sort lndmrk toindicte newstepintheprogress of society. AndImustnotomittoclltomind tthis time the importnt fiict, tht Mr. Mnn, in his efforts to promote the cuseofpopulr eduction, cme to see tht this object could be ccomplished only by good techers; nd hencehisherculen struggles toestblish ndmintin Norml schools for the trining of such techers, nd his uncesing endevors to impress upon the pubhc mindndhertthe necessityof elevting nd encourgingthe profession of teching, bybestowinguponit proper socil considertion nd dequte pecuniry compenstion.' Wht he did to dignify nd mgnify the techer's clling entitles him to be reckoned s one of its noblest benefctors. But ls tht his mtchless ppelsinitsbehlfshouldstillbesolittleheededeven in this Commonwelth! To my mindthis mjestic figuresymbolizes, nd whw. ever symbolize, s often s my eyesrestupon grnd ndinspiringideof Progress, thtidewhich wstoncethefithndinspirtion ofhorce Mnn. Hebelieved in,nd therefore helboredfor,thepro- it, the

19 gressofmnkind, the progress ofthe individul in intellectul, morl, nd physicl excellence, nd consequentlyin hppiness nd usefulness ; the progress of the Stte in freedom nd justice, nd consequently in ntionl prosperity nd power. Universl eduction he regrded sthe divinelyppointedmens eduction snctified byreligion ofrelizing this grnd ide, nd therefore s the essentil instrument of politicl improvement nd of socil dvncement. It is his prise ththelivedup tohiside. We hve entered intohislbors ;ndthereisnotmnorwomnunder middle gebredinthestte,whoisnotbettereducted in consequence of Mr. Mnn's lbors. And now tht wehvehonored himwiththismonument, letushonor him still more by imitting his exmple. At the conclusion of Mr. Philbrick's remrks, Rev. Thoms Hill, D.D., President of Hrvrd College, cme forwrdndspoke sfollows: We hve dedicted this sttue, fellow-citizens, not more tothememoryofhimofwhosebodilypresenceit is so fithful reminder, thn to those gret principles to which, especilly during the twelve yers in which he ws&stsecretry ofthebordofeduction,he dedicted himself with such wonderful zel, energy nd success. Solong sitstndshereonitsfirm pedestl,let it perpetully remind the people of this Commonwelth, nd their representtives' in those hlls of legisltion, tht Msschusetts by his ppointment, eight nd twenty yers go lst Thursdy, pledged herself to led those Stteswhotkewiseinterestintheeduction oftheir

20 citizens. Nobly did she struggle under his guidnce, ndwithhispowerfulid,toredeem tht pledge. Let him, s he stnds here in ever-enduring bronze, wrn nd dmonish her tht nothing but perpetul struggle willenble hertomintinherplce. The genius of the sculptor hs filled those motionless lips with his wonted expression of mingled tenderness nd severity, of stern self-renuncition, nd inflexible devotion to his undertken tsk; nd, if Msschusetts listens, she cnnotfil toherintheir silent eloquence thewords, " Honornotme,buthonortheprinciples foravhichyou gve metheopportunitytolbor; remember thtitis therightndthedutyofsttetogiveechoneofher children, of every clss, nd of either sex, tht mount ndthtkindofeduction whichshllbestenble him toservemnkind." Letuslistentohisdoctrine, forit istrue. WhtSt.Pul sysofthechurchholdslso ofntion,werellonebody,nd members inprticulr. Ech individul member of the body pohtic serves best his own interests by serving the interests ofthewhole,ndthentionbestserves the interest of the whole by gurding crefully the interests nd rights of ech individul. The lest honorble members re oftentimes' most useful, nd most worthy of specil cre. In this newly regenerte ntion, therefore, let there be nonorth, no South,no Est,no West, no Celtnor Anglo-Sxon, Teuton nor Africn, mle nor femle, bondnorfree;butletamericncitizenshipbellinll, securing to echmn equl ttention, equlprotection, nd equl opportunity to gm tht moimt nd tht kind of eduction which will enble him most thor-

21 oughly to serve the ntion. But, should the Americn people fil of obtining rpidly this full stture of mnhood, let, t ll events, the Commonwelth of Msschusetts show n exmple of united devotion to the highest ims. Let there be no jelousy here between the sebord nd the mountins, between the frmer ndthemnufcturer;butletlluniteinsustining the honorndtheinterestsofthestte, wellssui-ed tht the interests ofllsections, ndofllclssesmust,in the long-run, prove identicl. Your common schools once stoodsuperiorto nyonthecontinent ; but,new York nd the North-western Sttes re more thoroughly wkened, more free from the trmmels of routine, more generous, in proportion to their mens, in outly, ndwillsoonoutstripyou unless you renewyour zel. Your colleges nd your University once stood in proud pre-eminence over those of sister Sttes ; but other Sttes hvenowformnyyers beenimittingwith gret success yourprevious steps,ndwillinfewyers,unless you hsten to nticipte them, hve more richly endowed, more thoroughly orgnized, nd more generlly comprehensive institutions for the highest eduction, thn you. Let Msschusetts retrieve nd increse her ncient honors. Letus never forget, solong s this scred imge reclls the fithful nd tireless fii'st SecretryoftheBordofEduction,thtitistherightnd the duty of the Stte to provide forech childtht mount nd tht kind of eduction which will most surelyprepre himforsgret usefulness tohisrces hisntivetlentswillpermithim to ttin. Our common schools re yet susceptible of improvement in their

22 mode of rendering the gret mss of the people intelligentndhppyco-lborers intheworkof society. Our Sttescholrships,lthoughuseful,fll very frshortof enblingllourchildrenwhodesireitto obtin collegite eduction. The Commonwelth must not fil to puttotheutmostusellthetlentofllhersons;nd thehigherthetlent, themoreneedthereisofutilizing it. Those, therefore, whowould pursue the highest wlks ofliterture or science orrt, orwould mke themselves msters of philosophy nd politicl economy nd jurisprudence nd sttesmnship, nd thus fit themselves for the highest possible service of the Stte, should be freely dded by the Commonwelth ofmsschusetts, ndnotbeleft dependent onprivte fortunes, nor forced to seek id in the universities of foreign lnds. Let the Stte determine so to improve ll her fcilities ofeduction srtherto ttrct the youth offoreign lnds hither. Horce Mnn in his youth proclimed theeternl progressoftruestte:letnottheerection ofhissttue mrk the timewhenthissttecesedto dvnce, nd rested stisfied with her imperfect ttinments. Rther letushonorhisnme bygivingourselveshertilytothehigh ends ofhumnitynd the brod cuse of eduction, with which he ws identified, nd inwhich hewon nme more enduring thn bronze, nd estblished himself in the ffectionte remembrnce ofthepeople jnore firmlythnnyworkof mn's hnds cn be plced upon its foundtions.

23 The children then sng with much spirit the followinghymn: My country,'tis of thee, Sweet lnd of liberty, OftheeIsing; Lnd where my fthers died, Lnd of the pilgrim's pride. From every mountin side Let freedom ring. My ntive country, thee Lndofthenoble,free Thynme Ilove: Ilovethyrocksndrills, Thywoodsndtempledhills; My hert with rpture thrills Like tht bove. Let music swell the breeze. Andringfromllthetrees t Sweetfreedom'ssong : Let mortl tongues wke; Letllthtbretheprtke; Let rocks their silence brek, The sound prolong. Ourfthers'God,to thee. Author of liberty. Totheewesing: Longmyourlndbebright With freedom's holy light! Protect usbythymight, GretGod,ourKing! A benediction ws then pronounced by the Rev. Dr. Stebbins. This closed these simple but ernest nd impressive services.

24 The sttue stnds memoril,notonlyofhorce ^lnn, but of the desire of the people of Msschusetts, tht the highest public homge, nd the highest honors of rt, should not be reserved for wrriors, sttesmen, nd philosophers, but bestowed lso upon those public benefctors who spendpurelivesindoinggood totheir fellow-men. Vriouscriticismsofthesttue,sworkofrt,hve beenprinted. Afewofthemhvebeencolored byprtilityforthe rtist ; but others hve been tinged by bitterness rising out of prty or sectrin prejudice ginst the gret mn whom she strove to commemorte. Both reunworthy the rtist ndher subject. Miss Stebbins, inspired bylove ofher rt, nd by dmirtion ofher subject, imdertookoneofthemostdifficulttsks insculpture,nd hs chieved degreeof success very creditble to so young n rtist, nd which gives gret promise of her future creer. No Americn rtist pproches nerer to Crwford, who, s yet, stnds hed nd shoulders bove the sculptors ofthe ge. Miss Stebbins's sttue hs now been some time before the public eye, nd hs certinly won populr fvor. The likeness hs been preserved ; the ttitude nd generl expression re chrcteristic of the gret nd good techer ;ndthewhole effectuponthe specttor is plesnt nd grteful. TheAvorkisornmentl toourcity,ndcreditble to Americn rt. The following is the most vluble nd fir critique which hsyetppered :

CHITIQUE. AswepprochtheStteHouse,wesee,withcertinsurprise,thtithsnowtwogurdins,instedofone. Tothe grim, drk figure, lredy fmilir to us, shining collegue hsbeen dded. Thecolorsofthetwobronzes,ofwhichthe oneisnerlygolden,theothernerlyironinitshue,renot in stronger contrst thn the chrcter of the two sttues. Whtever shll besidofthequlities nd defects oftheir execution, they my t lest be tken s well representing thetwomeninwhose imge nd memorythey stnd. Thefigureontherightiswellknowntous. Long before Deth took him, his fetures hd become trditionl s one of the gods ofthepopulridoltry,which gods oftenestprove tobenomore thn Titns. Hisgretmerits nddemerits hve received full discussion, nd' settlement s dequte s the limits of humn judgment llow. Time hs condensed much tht ws vporous in his reputtion. Ded nd distnced,hisprisesfill the streets no more. But t some declmtion of the Ltin or High School, the youthful ortors will stonish you with the ponderous ring of his sentences, the terseness nd simplicity of his sttements. In reciting frgmentofhis speeches, these children pper tolift,for moment, thehmmer ofthor. Whtheistosydoesnot nnounceitself. Itfllsuponyouwiththe shockofsudden thunder. For the forcible use of English words nd nturl logic,heremins,inhis dy, without rivl. 4

26 Thettitudeofthismnisoneofdistntndunsympthetic reserve. Hedoesnotlooksifhehdrespected,muchless loved,the rceforwhich hewscompelled tolbor. The disppointment of his life is written on the bronze fetures ofhissttue. Hisgretfinlobjectws personlndoutwrd one. The symbol ofsupremepower,not thefctof supremeservice,cmetobethedesiredendofhisefforts. He did not ttin nd ws unhppy. This gloomy model of himwillnotsuggesttheesiersideofhischrcter,inwhich it, certin grim good-fellowship For he hd plesures, like is sid tohvehditsplce. weker mn. He loved hunting, fishing, frming, tolerble compny, nd good liquor, or wht is clledsuch. Whether helovedmenorwomen is question whose nswer we will leve in respectful silence. The fctsofhisintimte personlity re notknown to us. Butsomuch is known to us. In the bsolute supremcy ofthemorllw,sthefinlpointof ppel inllquestions, hedidnotbelieve. This,histheorynd hisprctice show us. During the lter yers of his public life, problem begn to shpe itself before the people, nd to press for settlement. This problem ws cpble only of morl solution. Mr. Webstertried togive it socil nd economic one, nd filed. Andthiswntoffith,thisinnerdefet towhich nooutwrd discomfiture could correspond, is therelcuseoftheshdow onthebrow,ndofthegloomyreturnuponself,picturedin thewholettitudeofmr.powers'sworkwhich,sofr,hsthe meritofbeingtruetonture. A different personge heonourleft,thenewcomerin this court of Memory. A rdint serenity diffuses itself over is his countennce. One hnd extended with persusive hospitlity, the other holds fst is welth, nd of morl enlightenment. This book, the symbolofmentl is one whose servicewsitsownguerdon,ndwhoskedofmennothingbut ththemightdothem good. Devoted tothe peceble interestsofeduction,hedidmuchtopreprethewider rnge

27 of study nd opportunity now enjoyed by the younger genertion. Hetilledndfencedin,from thecommonofthepublic highrod, those greenpsturesfromwhichthelmbsofthe Commonwelthmke suchplesntmusic. A goodshepherd, ndbrvechmpionlso ;forwhenthetime oftril cme, he hd hisweponredy,nd ws oneofthe erliest nd stoutest defenders of the pss for which men fought, first in single combt, finlly with the whole strength of the ntion. Let usbidhimwelcome, withhis open brow,hisernest eye,hisbenevolentlips. Amnofsimplelifendnomusements, hewshppy,becuse hisobjectsweresuchscohere with the gret order of humn progress. All tht brought good tohisfellow-menbroughtjoytohim. Asninstrument of much vitl service to the Commonwelth, he rightfully enjoyed the pprovl of his own conscience, nd the grtitude of his fellow-citizens. Ardent in temperment, the logicl blnce of his mind preserved him from the distortions of fnticism. And, lthough formidble in controversy, no personl rncor survived in him the vehemence clled forth by the exigencies of debte. So much for his uspicious return mong us. For, though he left us to crry New-Englnd culture into the wilderness ofthewest,hisffections,shismerits,stillbelongedtous. We,whowereforcedtoresign himliving,receivehimbck intheidelpresencewhich isthespecilgiftofart,the embodimentofhispurelifendnoble worth. Forthisboon we hve tothnkmissstebbins,namericn womnof genius, whose co-opertion in our plns nd desires hs been most zelous nd disinterested. Forcriticljudgment, theworkofmissstebbinsmust be compred withthoseofothersofher sex,uponwhichmuch prise hs been crelessly lvished. The sttues of feminine rtists hitherto known to us hve presented subjects of less difficulty thn the one now under considertion, nd hve been observed under circumstnces less trying to their gen-

28 erl effect. The elevtion of the Mnn sttue bove the ordinry point of view brings into the strongest relief those prts of the figure which re usully lest conspicuous. The excessive brightness, too, of the new bronze is n hindrnce to rtistic effect, sure to be modified herefter by time nd wether. AsportritureofMr.Mnn,thehedndfcere llththisfriendscoulddesire. Thectionoftherightrm, ndthequietoftheleft rm,rebothgood. Thettitudeis tenderndprentl;ndthespectofthewhole,sseenfrom the front, is expressive, nd chrcteristic of the personge represented. Thelowerportionofthesttueislesshppy,sseenfrom itspresentposition,thntheupperprt. This mybeinprt the result of the difference between the elevtion t which it now ppers, ndthelimitsofthestudioinwhichitwsmodelled. While Miss Stebbins's work shows less fmilirity with the detilsofexecution thnthe " Zenobi " ofmisshosmer,it shows, in our opinion, greter power nd originlity of conception. It hs personlity, n individulity, not to be predicted of the royl cptive, who ppers, moreover, in plstic mrble, not in ungrteful bronze, the most difficult mteril for the subjects of sculpture. Oneword stothecostume ofthesttue, towhichsome exceptions hve been tken. The clok in which the figure isprtilly envelopedis not, sllegedbysome,militry clok, butsimplygrmentoffshionmuchinusetwentyfiveorthirtyyersgo,fmilirtotherecollectionofllwho rememberthedressofthtperiod. Neither istheclokof Chntrey's sttue of Wshington, quoted in the sme connection,nitemofmilitry costume. Uponthispointwere ble to spek from direct testimony. Our honored fellowtownsmn, Sentor Sumner, hving t one time the plesure of personl intercourse with the sculptor Chntrey, lerned from him, upon interrogtion, tht the drpery of the Wsh-

29 ington ws modelled from n mple clok constntly worn by Cnov, during his visit to London in 1814, nd bequethed byhimtohisbrotherrtist,ontheeveofhisreturn tothe Continent. So the militry clok of Wshington turns out to be the pecefulmntleofnitlin rtist. Andthefigure ofmr.mnnisverysuitblypresentedtousunderthefolds ofgrmentwhich mnofhistimewouldhvebeen sure to possess, ndmighthvecontinued towertnyperiod ofhislife. Butcriticism,eventhemostfriendly,ispoorreturn for thecostlygiftsofart. ToMissStebbinsweoweonlythnks nd congrtultions. We cnnot justify, nd will not imitte, tht high-flown nd senstionl style of,encomium so much in use,nd solittleinplce,inspekingofrecentamericn worksofart. Better thnllcomplimentisittosy,tht Miss Stebbins hs ttempted one of the gretest difficulties in the domin of Art, nd tht her efforts hve ccomplished creditble success. To mke good portrit sttue is llowedbyrtists to be no esy undertking. Tomke good bronze sttue is still less esy. Miss Stebbins hs hd toencounterthosetwotsksinone. Thoseofuswhopprecite the chrcter nd services of the eminent mn whose feturesshehsportryedforuswillbesuretoincludeher in their grteful remembrnce.

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