Câu điều kiện (P1) Type 0: Cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại 0 dùng để diễn đạt những sự thật tổng quan, những dữ kiện khoa học luôn luôn xảy ra với một điều kiện nhất định. Simple present Simple present Câu mệnh lệnh If you heat ice, it turns into water. If there is a shortage of any product, prices of that product go up. If he comes, call me = call me if he comes. Type 1: Câu điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai Simple present Simple future If he runs, he will het there on time. The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail. Dạng đặc biệt/ biến thể Use Example Simple present May/might Can/may Khả năng Cho phép If the fog gets thicker, the plane may be diverted. If you finish your homework, you can go out Must/should Khuyên bảo If you want to lose weight, you must eat less bread Present continuous Simple future Nhấn mạnh hđ đang diễn ra ở hiện tại If you are looking for Peter, you will find him upstairs. 1
Present Perfect Simple future May/might Nhấn mạnh hành động If you have finished, you may go out đã kết thúc/hoàn thành trước 1 Hđ khác Type 2:Câu điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại Simple Past Would/could/should/may/might + Inf (to be were) - Fact: I don t have a map (HT) o If I had a map, I would lend it to you. - If someone tried to blackmail me, I d call the police. - If I were you, I d plant around the house (I m not you) = Were I you, I d plant around the house = If I were in your shoes, I d plant around the house - If I lived near my office, I d be in time for work. (I don t live near my office) = If I were to live near my office, I d be in time for work. = Were he to live near his office, I d be in time for work. Type 3: Câu điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ Past perfect would / could / might/should + have + P.P Fact: He helped me (QK), I won the prize. If he hadn t helped me, I wouldn t have won the prize. If we had found him earlier, we might have saved him. If I had worked harder last year, I could have passed the exam. 2
CHÚ Ý: 1. Đảo ngữ câu ĐK3 If you had obeyed orders, the disaster wouldn t have happened Had you obeyed orders, the disaster wouldn t have happened If he hadn t helped me, I couldn t pass the exam Had he not helped me, I couldn t pass the exam 2. Câu ĐK trộn Example Simple Past (II) Past Perfect (III) would / could / might/should + have + P.P (III) Would + inf (II) If I knew my mother was coming to see me, I d have prepared more food If I had caught that plane last night, I would be dead now. BÀI TẬP Choose the best option to complete each of the following sentences 1. If I the bus this afternoon, I will get a taxi instead. A. miss B. will miss C. missed D. had missed 2. `We ll have to go without John if he soon. A. won t arrive B. will arrive C. arrives D. doesn t arrive 3. If you your homework, I you watch TV. A. won t do/ let B. did/ won t let C. don t do/ won t let D. won t do/ don t let 4. If you this switch, the computer on. A. press/ comes B. will press/ comes C. press/ can come D. have pressed/ will comes 5. Would you like some cake? - no thanks. If I cake, I fat. A. ate/ will get B. ate/ would get C. would eat/could get D. am eating/ will get 6. Pam broke her arm in the accident. It much worse if she hadn t been wearing her seat belt. A. will be B. would have been C. was D. were 7. My boss made me work overtime again. _ if I you, I my job. A. were/ would have quit B. am/ will quit C. was/ must quit D. were/ would quit 8. I don t know whether to take that job or not - you, I it. 3
A. if I had been/ would have taken B. should I be/ will take C. if I were/would have taken D. I were/ would take 9. If you me about the bad service, we d have eaten there. A. didn t tell B. wouldn t have told C. hadn t told D. had told 10. The teacher was absent today, so class was canceled. If she absent again tomorrow, class tomorrow, too. A. is/ will cancel B. is/ will be canceled C. was/ would be canceled D. was/ would cancel 11. If he me, I ll be ready to help him. A. ask B. will ask C. asks D. to ask 12. When winter comes, I a new coat. A. buying B. buy C. will buy D. buys 13. What would Tom do if he the truth? A. would know B. has know C. knows D. knew 14. If I you, I wouldn t do that. A. be B. were C. was D. had been 15. If I had been absent from class yesterday, I the math test A. would missed B. would have missed C. will miss D. miss 16. If I a millionaire, I a Civic Honda. A. am/ will buy B. was/ would buy C. was/ would have bought D. were/ would buy 17. Here is my phone number - thanks, I you a call if I some help. A. will give/ will need B. would give/ needed C. will give/ need D. give/ need 18. If I wings, I take an airplane to fly home. A. have/ won t have to B. had/ wouldn t have to C. have/ will have to D. had/ didn t have to 19. I think you should stop smoking. A. if I am you, I will stop smoking. B. if I were you, I will stop smoking. C. if I were you, I would stop smoking. D. if I had been you, I would stop smoking. 20. We did not visit the museum because we had no time. A. If we have time, we will visit the museum. B. If we had time, we would visit the museum. C. If we had had time, we would have visited the museum. 4
D. If we had had time, we will visit the museum. 21. You work harder, you will be sacked. A. Whether B. If C. However D. Unless 22. Unless you quiet, I ll scream. A. don t keep B. keep C. kept D. didn t keep 23. I won t wake unless I the alarm. A. don t hear B. heard C. hear D. didn t hear 24., he would have been able to pass the exam. A. If he studied more B. If he were studying more C. studying more D. If he had studied more 25. If I had had some more money, I that book. A. Would buy B. will buy C. would have bought D. all are correct 26. if I take a map. A. I will get lost B. I will not get lost C. I would get lost D. I would not get lost 27. If cauliflowers from extreme temperatures, the heads get discolored. A. will not be protected B. are not protected C. were not protected D. are not being protected 28. I have time, I will go with you, A. If B. Unless C. So D. So that 29. If you had told me that this was going to happen, I it. A. would never have believed B. don t believe C. hadn t believed D. can t believe 30. If Jake to go on the trip, would you have gone? A. doesn t agree B. didn t agree C. hadn t agreed D. wouldn t agree 31. If I as young as you are, I in a boat round the world. A. were- would sail B. would be would sail C. were- will sail D. would- would sail 32. he hard last year, he would have lost the first prize. A. Hadn t studied B. Had- studied C. Didn t study D. If had studied 33. We the game if we d had a few more minutes. A. might have won B. won C. had won D. will win 34. I William with me if I had known you and he didn t get along with each other. A. hadn t brought B. didn t bring C. wouldn t have brought D. won t bring 35. interested in that subject, I would try to learn more about it. A. Were I B. Should I C. I was D. If I am 36. I you sooner had someone told me you were in the hospital. A. would have visited B. visited C. had visited D. visit 5
37. Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people the same language? A. spoke B. speak C. had spoken D. will speak 38. resigned, we would have been force to sack him. A. Had he not B. Hadn t he C. He had not D. He not had 39., he would have been able to pass the exam. A. If he studied more B. If he were studying more C. studying more D. had he studied more 40. Had I had some more money, I that book. A. Would buy B. will buy C. would have bought D. all are correct 6
KEY 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. D 9. D 10. B 11. C 12. C 13. D 14. B 15. B 16. D 17. C 18. B 19. C 20. C 21. D 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. C 26. B 27. B 28. A 29. A 30. C 31. A 32. A 33. A 34. C 35. A 36. A 37. A 38. A 39. D 40. C 7