Joan of Arc: Maid, Martyr, Legend The End of the 100 Years War
Who Was Joan of Arc? Joan has always been a popular but mysterious figure People have called her all kinds of things over the centuries: Saint? Mystic? Witch? Heretic? Fanatic?
What is a Martyr? A person who is killed for their beliefs, and whose death inspires other to their cause. Think-Pair-Share: Can we think of any other examples of martyrs?
What characteristic make a Martyr? People die for their beliefs all time, but not all of them got other to follow. Think about our list of Martyrs, can we come up with a characteristic we think they all share that might explain why they gained followers?
Think-Pair- Share: What makes an inspiring leader?
Setting the Stage: 100 Years War was really three wars: Edwardian War: 1337-1360 English Victory Caroline War: 1369-1389 Minor French Victory Lancastrian War: 1415-53 Where Joan comes into play
France is Collapsing In 1428 France seems in real danger of losing the war they haven t won a battle in a generation Britain and their Burgundian allies have taken the north of France They ve captured Paris, and have the city of Orleans under siege France is led only by an uncrowned Prince, and has little hope left
Mission From God? Right as things seem lost, help comes from the unlikely Joan of Arc Joan is a 13-Year-Old peasant girl, living in a small town in France One day she has a vision from God God Tells her she needs to lead the French army to Victory
Gaining Support At 16, Joan headed to the nearby town of Valcours where she convinced the French commander she was on a mission from God The commander escorted her in disguise to meet the French Dauphin (uncrowned King) The Dauphin was inspired by Joan, and he gave her armour and sent her along with the army marching to try and save Orleans
Maid of Orleans When the French Army arrived at Orleans, they drove off the English attackers Joan of Arc was considered an inspiring leader and won the support of the French commanders and men
Joan s Bold Plan After Orleans, Joan proposed a bold new strategy for the French She suggested attacking the English far to the north at Reims, deep within enemy territory. Why Reims? It was the traditional place where French kings were crowned
A New King, A New Hope Joan s plan works, the English expected an attack on Paris and were surprised The Dauphin is crowned at Reims and becomes King This bold victory inspired the French people They win a series of victories across the north of France
The Death of Joan However, in 1430 Joan is captured by the English while defending a town The English put Joan on trial for the crime Heresy She is found guilty and is burned at the stake
Think-Pair-Share: Was Joan Guilty of Heresy?
Joan s Legacy Inspired by Joan s death, the French went on to drive the English out of France entirely* Joan was given a retrial by the Pope after the French victory and found innocent In 1920 Joan of Arc was made a Catholic saint
The End of War After 116 years the Hundred Years War was over in 1453 The English monarchs gave up their claims on France The war had changed little in terms of borders, but had created a sense of national identity on both sides
Think-Pair-Share Why have generation after generation been so interested in Joan of Arc?
Who Was Joan? Now it s your turn to make some judgements about Joan of Arc 1. read the handout with contemporary quotes about Joan, and some more background 2 Use the information to decide on 5 characteristic you think Joan had. Use evidence to support your claims.
Compare As a class we will share the characteristics we come up with How do these compare to the qualities of an inspiring leader we came up with?
Conclusion Joan of Arc s martyrdom rallied the French, and almost certainly played a role in their winning the war Joan also helped create a sense of French identity in the troops Exit Slips