AN INTRODUCTION TO THE HISTORY OF ANGLICAN CHRISTIANITY Did Henry VIII really start the Church of England? 1
Christianity Arrives in the British Isles A Movement On the Move 2
Evolving Leadership JESUS OTHERS APOSTLES Peter James John BISHOPS Linus Cletus Clement Simeon Ignatius Polycarp Evaristus Justus Pothinius Irenaeus Early Celtic Christianity 3
A Unique Tradition Celtic Christianity was unique in its focus on monasticism being less hierarchical distinct monastic tonsure different penitential routine different date of Easter simpler baptismal rite unique tradition of living in exile for Christ Early Celtic Martyrs St. Aaron & St. Julius 4
Other Celtic Saints St. Patrick St. Brigid St. Columba Iona Abbey St. Columba traveled to an island off of Scotland and established Iona Abbey there 5
St. Augustine Arrives In 597, the Pope sent Augustine with other missionaries to establish churches in Britain He succeeded in converting the Kingdom of Northumbria He established his diocese at Canterbury St. Augustine & the Celts St. Augustine was successful in establishing new churches and growing the church. But, many of the pre-existing Celtic bishops would not recognize his authority 6
St. Augustine & the Celts St. Augustine was successful in establishing new churches and growing the church. But, many of the pre-existing Celtic bishops would not recognize his authority The Romanizing of Britain 7
Synod at Whitby The Kingdom of Northumbrianow followed the Roman practices After the death of King Edwin, King Oswald inherits the throne King Oswald grew up at Iona while in exile as a youth; like the Ionans, he followed the Celtic practices King Oswald marries Eanfledof Bernicia, who followed the Roman practices as well Synod at Whitby Can you have a King and Queen that observed different forms of Christianity and celebrate Easter at different times? The King sets up synod at the monastery of Hilda to settle the matter. Bishop Colman advocates for the Ionantradition; Wilfrid advocates for the Roman tradition. Ultimately the Roman tradition wins out and the Ionan/Celtic tradition is suppressed 8
Moving Towards An English Reformation Those Defiant Brits In 1306, Edward I s Parliament rules that no religious tax can be sent out of the country In 1351, Edward III s Parliament rules that the Pope has no authority over English property 9
Those Defiant Brits In 1353, the same Parliament rules no citizen may appeal to any higher power outside of England (i.e. the Pope): that the right of recovering the presentments to churches,prebends, and other benefices belongethonly to the king s court of the old right of his crown, used and approved in the time of all his progenitors kings of England Pre-Reformation Figures Erasmus 10
1491, Henry is born King Henry VIII 1501, Henry s brother Arthur marries Catherine of Aragon 1502, Arthur dies 1505, the Pope grants a dispensation so Henry can marry Catherine. 1509, Henry s father dies King Henry VIII 1509, Henry marries Catherine 1509, weeks later he becomes King. 1511, a son is born but dies 52 days later 1513, a 2 nd son is stillborn 1514, another son is stillborn 11
1516, Mary is born King Henry VIII 1521, Pope Leo X declares Henry Fidei Defensor 1527, Henry petitions the Pope Clement VII for an annulment (it was denied) 1528, Henry openly begins a relationship with Anne Boleyn King Henry VIII 1528, Henry continues to negotiate for an annulment 1529, it becomes clear the Pope will not budge 1532, Henry appoints Thomas Cranmer as the new Archbishop of Canterbury 12
King Henry VIII 1532, Henry secretly marries Anne Boleyn 1533, Archbishop Cranmer rules that Henry s marriage to Catherine was invalid & that his marriage to Anne is valid 1533, Elizabeth is born King Henry VIII 1533, Henry passes the First Act of Succession 1534, Parliament s 2 nd Act of Succession declares the Church of England independent of Rome and declares the King to be the head of the Church Pope Clement excommunicates Henry & Cranmer 13
The English Church in Reformation The Church under Henry All services still in Latin The Church and its theology virtually unchanged Confession still compulsory Transubstantiation and Purgatory still taught Celibacy still required for clergy Private masses still continue 14
King Edward VI After Henry s death in 1547, Edward becomes King at age 16 Edward s advisors are very Protestant The Church of England begins to become more Protestant: The vernacular used in churches A new English Prayer Book The Articles of Religion are published Changes in Rites & Theology Queen Mary In 1553, when Edward dies, Mary becomes queen She restores things to the way they were: Country is Roman Catholic again Protestant-minded clergy are deposed, some even executed All liturgical and church changes are undone Mary dies childless in 1558 15
Queen Elizabeth I In 1558, Elizabeth becomes queen She tries to find a compromise, so Catholic-minded and Protestant-minded people can remain together in the same independent Church of England A new Prayer Book is issued in 1559 Revised Articles of Religion are published in 1563 The American Church 16
Religion in the Colonies The Church of England comes to America as English colonies are established. 1607, the first mission at Jamestown, VA American missions are under the authority of the Bishop of London although he never visited Clergy must travel to England to be ordained, generations go unconfirmed in America 1776, Declaration of Independence The Revolution Many clergy are loyalists By necessity, the American church must become independent too 17
Birth of the American Church 1784, Samuel Seabury sent to Scotland to be ordained a Bishop 1789, the Episcopal Church organized in Philadelphia. 1789, a revised American Prayer Book is adopted A Revolutionary Church Absalom Jones ordained as first black priest in 1804 18
A Revolutionary Church First monastic community in Anglicanism after the Reformation is established in Valley Crucis, NC in 1847 A Revolutionary Church Many Episcopalians were actively involved in fighting segregation and discrimination during the Civil Rights Movement One bold seminarian Jonathan Daniels, dies while doing so in 1965 19
A Revolutionary Church In 1976, 11 women were ordained in violation of the canons in Philadelphia, paving the way for women s ordination (England would not ordain women until 1994) A Revolutionary Church A completely revised Prayer Book, with much original material, is adopted in 1979 It represents the first significant departure from the 1662 BCP text It inspires prayer books in other provinces in the world Other denominations also borrow from its liturgies 20
A Revolutionary Church Barbara Harris becomes the first female bishop, ordained as an assisting bishop in Boston, in 1989 A Revolutionary Church Gene Robinson is consecrated as a bishop, making him the first-ever openly gay man to serve as bishop in any church 21
A Revolutionary Church Katharine JeffertsSchoriis elected Presiding Bishop in 2006 and becomes the firstever Primate (national head) of an Anglican province 22