Geography 0Indonesia in the largest Islamic country by population. 0India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nigeria, Egypt, Iran, Turkey, and Algeria are among the top ten countries with largest Muslim population. 0A large number of Muslims lives in the Middle East and former republics of the Soviet Union. 0About 20% of Muslims are Arab.
What is Islam? 0One of the three major world religions (Judaism and Christianity) that profess monotheism (the belief in a single God). 0Islam is the fastest growing religion in the world. 0 In Arabic, Islam means surrender or submission submission to the will of God. The word Islam is derived from the Arabic word for peace (salam.) 0In Arabic, Muslim means one who surrenders to God.
What is Islam? 0In Arabic, Allah refers to God worshiped by Muslims, Jews, and Christians. 0There is only one all-powerful, all-knowing God, and this God created the universe. 0All Muslims are equal before God (class, race, ethnic background, nationality, etc...) 0Children born to Muslims parents are automatically considered Muslims (no ritual.)
What is Islam? 0 Mohammad is the last prophet. 0Muslims believe in all the prophets that God had sent before Mohammad. 0The five prophets that are considered as leaders of all prophets are: Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus and Mohammad. 0Once mentioned, Peace Upon Him, follows any prophet s name.
Qur an 0 Recitation: Literal meaning. 0 Revelation to Mohammad in Arabic. 0 114 chapters known as sourat. 0Two chapters are devoted to the Virgin Mary: Sourat Mariam and Sourat Al Oumran.
Prophet Mohammad 0Practiced mediation in Cave Hira a. 0Angel Gabriel began communicating with him in 610 (nearly age of 40) and commended him to read the following verses:
Prophet Mohammad 0Proclaim! (or read!) in the name of thy Lord and Cherisher, Who created man, out of a (mere) clot of congealed blood: Proclaim! And thy Lord is Most Bountiful, He Who taught (the use of) the pen, Taught man that which he knew not.
Prophet Mohammad 0Muhammad returned home and was consoled and reassured by his wife, Khadijah, and her cousin the priest Waraka Ibin Nawfal. 0Muhammad's wife Khadijawas the first to believe he was a prophet. 0She was soon followed by Muhammad's cousin Ali IbinAbiTalib(Imam Ali) and close friend Abu Baker.
Prophet Mohammad 0At the age of 25, Muhammad married Khadija. The marriage lasted for 25years and was a happy one. Muhammad relied upon Khadijain many ways and did not enter into marriage with another woman during this marriage. 0After migration to Medina, Muhammad who was over fifty years at this time, married several women. These marriages were contracted mostly for political or humanitarian reasons.
Prophet Mohammad 0These later wives were either widows of Muslims who had been killed in the battles and had been left without a protector or belonged to important families or clans whom it was necessary to honor and strengthen alliances.
Prophet Mohammad 0Muhammad did his own household chores, helped out with the housework, such as preparing food, sewing clothes, and repairing shoes. Muhammad is also said to have accustomed his wives to dialogue; he listened to their advice, and the wives debated and even argued with him.
Basic information of Islam 0Muslims must live according to the rules of the Holy Qur an (Ten Commandments for Jews and Christians.) 0 No pictures of divine people are permitted. 0Islamic months are 28 or 29 days (lunar calendar.)
Islamic Calendar 0 1- Muharram 02-Safar 03-Rabi I 04-Rabi II 05-Jumada I 06-Jumada II 07-Rajab 08-Sha ban 09-Ramadan 0 10- Shawwal 0 11- Dhul-Qi dah 012-Dhul-Hijjah
Muslims 0 Should eat halal (kosher) meat. 0Should not eat pork. 0 Should not drink alcohol. 0 Should not gamble. 0Should give to the poor and less fortunate. 0Must be kind to strangers.
Muslims 0 They have five duties called Five Pillars of Faith. 0 Shahada(testimony of faith.) 0Salat(prayer.) 0 Zakat (charity.) 0 Hajj (pilgrimage.) 0 Siyam(fasting.)
Shahada(testimony of faith) 0This is the belief in one God and in Muhammad as God s last messenger. 0In order to convert to Islam, one must believe in and recite the shahadawith complete conviction: "There is no God but God, and Muhammad is his messenger."
Salat(prayer) 0Muslims pray five times daily: at dawn, noon, midafternoon, sunset and at nightfall. Muslims may pray anywhere: inside or outside, in their office, home, school, mosque or elsewhere. While praying, one faces Mecca and strives to recite his or her prayers from memory. 0Al-woudou (purification process with water) should precede every prayer service.
Salat(prayer) 0A mosque (masjidin Arabic) is a place for worship in Islam. 0 Muslims can pray in mosques or privately. 0Mosques vary in design depending on the culture and resources of each community.
Zakat(charity) 0Charitable giving, or Zakat, is a requirement of faith for all Muslims. Used to benefit the poor, Zakat represents a fixed portion of one's wealth. 0Beyond this requirement, one may also perform an act of charity (sadaqah) by donating additional funds to the needy.
Hajj(pilgrimage) 0 the last month of the Islamic calendar, Dhu al-hijjah. 0 About three million Muslims. 0 Required if physical health and finances permit. 0Atleastonceinalifetime.
Siyam(fasting) 0Siyamrefers to ritual fasting during the month of Ramadan. From dawn to dusk for the entire month, Muslims must refrain from eating and drinking.
Ramadan is: 0 Ninth month of the Muslim calendar. 0The month when the holy Quran was sent down from heaven. 0A time when Muslims fast. 0A time when Muslims concentrate on their faith. 0A time of worship and contemplation. 0A time of inner reflection, devotion to God and selfcontrol. 0A time to become closer to God.
What is fasting? 0Starts at the breaking of dawn. 0Ends at the setting of the sun. 0In between: Muslims are totally abstain from food, drink and smoking. 0The most widely-practiced of all the Muslims forms of worship.
offenses 0 Destroy the good acquired through the fast. 0Prohibited at all times but are most. offensive during the fast of Ramadan: 0Telling of a lie. 0Slander. 0 Denouncing someone behind his back. 0 False oath. 0Greed.
EidAl-Fitr 0The Feast Of Fast Breaking. 0End of the fast. 0First day of the month Shawwal. 0Fasting on this day is a sin. 0 Celebrated by two billion Muslims around the world.
Sunni and Shi ah 0Sunniand Shi ahare the two major denominations of Islam. 0Shi ahsmake up the majority of the population in Iran, Iraq, Azerbaijan and Bahrain, and they are the largest religious group in Lebanon. About 15% of Muslims. 0 Sunnisare a majority in other Muslim communities in South East Asia, China, South Asia, Africa and the rest of the Arab world.
Sunni and Shi ah 0The historic background of the Sunni-Shi ahsplit occurred when the Prophet Mohammad died, leading to a dispute over his succession as a caliph of the Islamic community. 0Sunnis hold that Abu Bakrwas Muhammad's rightful successor. 0 Shi ahsbelieve that Muhammad divinely ordained his cousin and son-in-law Ali (the father of his only two grandsons Hassan and Hussein) to be Muhammad's successor.
Sunni and Shi ah 0Sunnis follow the Khlafa aarrashidun"rightly-guided Caliphs", who were the first four caliphs ruling after the death of Muhammad: Abu Bakr, Omar, Uthman and Ali. 0Shi ahsdiscount the legitimacy of the first three caliphs and believe that Ali is the second-most divinely inspired man (after Muhammad) and that him and his descendants by Muhammad's daughter Fatimah (called the Imams) are the sole legitimate Islamic leaders.
* Sunnat Arrasul * Ijtehad
Sunni and Shi ah 0Over the years Sunni-Shi ahrelations have been marked by both cooperation and conflict. 0 Today this conflict is more political than religious.
Sunni and Shi ah 0The Battle of Karbalatook place on Muharram (October 9 or 10, 680 CE)in Karbala, in present day Iraq. On one side were supporters and relatives of Muhammad's grandson, Hussein; on the other side was a military detachment from the forces of Yazid, the Umayyad Caliph. 0TheBattle of Karbalaemphasized the split between the two groups.
Sunni and Shi ah 0 The battle resulted in the military defeat of Hussein s group, the death of almost all of his men, and the captivity of all women and children. 0The Karbalabattle is commemorated during an annual ten-day period held every Muharramby Shi ahs, culminating on its tenth day, Ashura.
Sunni and Shi ah 0ImamHussein, as called by shi ahs, was brutally killed in this battle with his son Kassem. 0Every Ashura, shi ahslament the death of Imam Hussein.
Islam, Judaism and Christianity 0Judaism, Christianity and Islam are known as Abrahamic religions because of their common origin through Abraham. 0Muslims consider Ishmael, the first-born son of Abraham, to be the "Father of the Arabs" and the ancestor of the Islamic Prophet, Mohammad. 0Abraham's second son, Isaac, is called "Father of the Hebrews." 0Muslims commonly refer to Christians and Jews as People of the Book", people who follow the same general teachings in relation to the worship of the One God as known by Abraham.
Islam, Judaism and Christianity 0 Muslims, Jews and Christians worship the same God. 0Islam considers the Bible (Old and New Testament) and the Qur'an as holy books. 0Qur an: "Surely those who believe, and those who are Jews, and the Christians, and the Sabians-whoever believes in God and the Last Day and does good, they shall have their reward from their Lord. And there will be no fear for them, nor shall they grieve."
Islam, Judaism and Christianity 0The Qur'an says the following about the prescribed behavior towards Christians and Jews (Qur'an 29:46): 0"Be courteous when you argue with the People of The Book (Jews and Christians), except with those among them who do evil Say: We believe in that which is revealed to us and which was revealed to you. Our God and your God is one. To Him we surrender ourselves."
Islam and Christianity 0 Islam believes in Jesus. 0Marie is one of the three most blessed women in Islam (all along with Khadija and Fatima.) 0Qur an: "Behold! the angels said, 'Oh Mary! God gives you glad tidings of a Word from Him. His name will be Christ Jesus, the son of Mary, held in honor in this world and the Hereafter, and in (the company of) those nearest to God. He shall speak to the people in childhood and in maturity. He shall be (in the company) of the righteous... And God will teach him the Book and Wisdom, the Law and the Gospel."
Islam and Christianity 0Muslims are waiting for Jesus to come back and are expected to pray behind him. 0According to Muslims, Jesus was a human prophetwho brought to mankind a closer relationship with God and each other. 0According to Muslims, Jesus is not the son of God and he doesnothave a human father. 0Muslims believe that Jesus was born of the Virgin Mary. Muslims believe the creation of Jesus was like the creation of Adam, they were both created by God without human fathers, but neither are seen as being the "sons of God" in the literal sense.
Islam and Christianity 0Islamic texts forbid the association of partners with God (sharik,) emphasizing the notion of God's divine oneness (tawhīd.) 0There are verses that highlight the commonalities between Christians and Muslims, and other verses that warn Christians against sliding towards polytheism in their worship of Jesus Christ.
Islam and Christianity 0 Muslims believe that Jesus was condemned to crucifixion and then miraculously saved: 0 Quran, Chapter 4 157: That they said in boast, "We killed Jesus the son of Mary, the Messenger of Allah"; but they killed him not, nor crucified him, but so it was made to appear to them, and those who differ therein are full of doubts, with no certain knowledge, but only conjecture to follow, for of a surety they killed him not: 158: Nay, Allah raised him up unto Himself; and Allah is Exalted in Power, Wise.
Islam and Christianity 0Jesus was given the ability to perform miracles, all by the permission of God. 0Jesus was raised alive up to heaven. 0Muslims believe that Jesus will return at a time close to the end of the world. One Qur'anicverse alludes to Jesus' future return as follows: 0 And (Jesus) shall be a Sign (for the coming of) the Hour (of Judgment): therefore have no doubt about the (Hour), but follow ye Me: this is a Straight Way. 0Jesus had been divinely chosen to spread God's message.
Woman in Islam 0 Right to marriage contract, dowry and divorce. 0 Right to obtain education. 0Rights to earn own income and keep own money. 0Right to own property. 0 Right to maintain maiden name. 0Rights abused culturally.
Dress Code in Islam 0 Men and women: modest clothes. 0Men: covered from navel to knee. 0Women: 1. Head scarf = worn by women before Islam. 2. Head scarf = religious practice. 3. Head scarf = debate if it is a duty.
Challenges 0Women in Islam. 0Jihad: struggle to strive to be a better person. 0Shari a: comprehensive values and guidelines (daily prayer, fasting, charity, funeral rituals, marriage rituals and more.) 0 Change: difficult / mixing culture, politics and religion. 0Islam and fundamentalism: no separation of religion and state.