Year 7 History Exam Preparation

Year 7 History Exam Preparation June 2017

KEY CONTENT TO REVISE FOR EACH TOPIC TIP You must revise Mary I for the Evidence section and choose ONE other topic for the Essay section 1. How successful was Henry VII? 2. Causes of Henry VIII break from Rome (MR LP Money, Religion, Love, Power) Power - Desire for a male heir to continue the Tudor Dynasty; desire to get a divorce regardless of the Pope s refusal; belief in the Divine Right of Kings (God gave King power to rule); Reformation Parliament Act of Supremacy Love for Anne Boleyn Religion break from Roman Catholic Church to increase his own power as the Pope was challenging him, Money increase his money by taking it away from the Roman Catholic Church (after break with Rome dissolves monasteries) 3. Consequences of Henry VIII s break from Rome Creation of the Church of England separate from Rome. Now England is Catholic (not Roman Catholic) Dissolution of the Monasteries - 1534-36 money, power - remove disloyal monks who supported the Pope Crushing of any rebels e.g. Pilgrimage of the Grace in 1536 - religious protest viewed by Henry VIII as a rebellion in Yorkshire in the autumn of 1536 against Henry VIII's break with the Roman Catholic Church and the Dissolution of the Monasteries 4. What were the religious changes in Tudor England? What were the Protestants/Martin Luther protesting about from 1517? Catholic Church before the Reformation, criticisms of the Catholic Church (e.g. too rich, too powerful, setting a bad example), impact of Martin Luther on the Protestant Reformation Catholic Henry VIII Protestant Edward VI - New Prayer Book Rebellion in 1549 against Cranmer s English translation during King Edward VI s reign); Protestant Lady Jane Grey Nine-Day Queen Roman Catholic Mary I Turn or burn

PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS Year 7 History Practice Exam 2017 Please read this information before the examination starts. This examination is 60 minutes long, 50 marks in total The time period focus is The Making of the United Kingdom: 1485-1558 The paper is divided into two sections: Section 1: Evidence question 20 marks (40%), The 3 sources are on Mary I. Section 2: Essay question 30 marks (60%). You must answer ONE essay question from a choice of FIVE. You must not focus on Mary I. Section 1: Evidence you should spend 5 minutes planning and then 20 minutes writing Section 2: Essay you should spend 5 minutes planning and then 30 minutes writing Handwriting and presentation are important

PRACTICE EXAM PAPER SECTION 1: EVIDENCE Source A: An extract from a modern history book Mary was a deeply religious woman and devoted to the same Catholic faith as her mother. All of the monarchs that have followed her have been Protestants [except James II 1865-89], so Mary s history has been written by Protestant historians. They have not been kind to her. Source B: Extract of Mary I s words in 1553. Lady Jane Grey was named queen by the previous king, Edward VI. She did not last long at all. Mary s troops marched into London and arrested her. Mary promised not to kill Jane but soon ordered the execution of her, her husband, Guildford and her father, Suffolk. I will spare the life of Lady Jane. Source C: Woodcut of two Protestant bishops, Latimer and Ridley, being burnt at the stake as they refused to become Catholic and died as martyrs (prepared to die for what they believe in). Published after Mary I s reign in John Foxe's Book of Martyrs (1563) a survey of trials and eye-witness accounts of Christian martyrs. Widely read during the 16 th and 17 th centuries and it had a great influence on popular opinion with regard to Catholicism and support for the legal oppression of Catholics. In the woodcut, Latimer (left) is crying out: 'Father of heaven receive my soule', and Ridley: 'In manus tuas domine' (Latin, meaning: 'Into your hand O Lord'). Catholic preacher Dr Smith is quoting in Latin a passage of the Bible which says: 'if I give up my body to be burned, and have not love, I gain nothing'. Lord Williams, promises Ridley 'I will remember your suit' (i.e. that he would look after various poor men, and Ridley's sister, as requested). In the background is Archbishop Cranmer (who would himself be burned five months later).

Using ALL the sources and your own knowledge, do you agree that Mary I should be remembered as Bloody Mary? (20 marks) CONSIDER: What message does each source tell us? Which sources agree with the question statement? Which sources disagree with the question statement? How much can we trust each of the sources? (E.g. who, where, when, what, why was it made?) Your opinion do you agree with the question statement? Or are there other reasons? POSSIBLE STARTER SENTENCES: Source A tells us the message that. Source B suggests.. Source C highlights. Source A is more/less trustworthy because. Similarly/in contrast Source B is more/less trustworthy because. Source C is more/less trustworthy as The sources which agree with the question are.. In contrast, the sources which disagree are.. OR All the sources agree/disagree with the question that. In my opinion I agree/disagree with the question because. SECTION 2 ESSAY QUESTIONS: Answer ONE question from this section. Each question is worth 30 marks. 1. How successful was Henry VII OR Henry VIII? 2. Explain why Henry VIII broke from Rome. 3. Explain the consequences of Henry's break from Rome. 4. Explain Martin Luther's protest against the Roman Catholic Church. 5. Explain the religious changes Edward VI made.

EXAM MARK SCHEME - Section 1: Evidence MARK SIMPLE ANSWER 1-10 marks SOURCE ANALYSIS key details from sources & own knowledge Offers valid but undeveloped comments without direct support from the sources i.e. does not extract details/quotations from the sources or include own knowledge OR only uses either sources or own knowledge to make undeveloped comments SOURCE EVALUATION how far can you trust each of the sources? 5W test Not included or undeveloped JUDGEMENT (opinion/ arguments) Not included or undeveloped STRUCTURE (how ideas are organised and expressed) Shows limited selection and organisation of material. Undeveloped structure and limited explanation GOOD ANSWER 11-15 marks Makes links between the sources, own knowledge and the question Not included or undeveloped Not included or undeveloped Shows SOME selection and organisation of material Direct support from the sources i.e. does extract details/quotations from the sources and includes own knowledge May lack structure and development of explanation. A source-by source answer could achieve the top of this level DEVELOPED & FOCUSED ANSWER 16-20 marks Developed use of the source details/quotations explained using own knowledge and focused on the question Valid statements upon the reliability or usefulness of the sources i.e. origin and purpose who, where, when, what, why? Source strengths and limitations Reaches a convincing judgement An answer at the top of this level will also attempt to explain evidence for and against the question/statement Well-structured Links sources to their own knowledge and the question Attempts to make links between sources (e.g. similarities and differences)

EXAM MARK SCHEME - Section 2: Essay MARK EVIDENCE (facts/figures /knowledge) EXPLANATION (reasons) JUDGEMENT (opinion/ argument) STRUCTURE (how ideas are organised and expressed) SIMPLE ANSWER 1-10 marks Offers some evidence It may be inaccurate or irrelevant Offers basic points and ideas May offer largely unfocused reasons Little judgement given Lacks structure and coherence (does not always make sense) GOOD ANSWER 11-20 marks Gives more relevant evidence Gives reasons supported by more relevant evidence along with more developed analysis Attempts to offer reasoned judgement in places May have an uncertain overall structure DEVELOPED & FOCUSED ANSWER 21-30 marks Precisely-selected evidence Strong and developed analysis For the top mark, coherent and convincing, clear and logical argument is present throughout Balanced judgements Clear overall structure/framework of argument

KEY CONTENT TO REVISE 1.How successful was Henry VII (1485-1509)? (POWER, MONEY) United the country In 1485, Henry knew that a country divided by the Wars of the Roses was not stable. He therefore took steps to unite the two sides Before his victory, he had promised to marry Elizabeth, a daughter of Edward IV (her brothers were the murdered Princes in the Tower Edward V and Richard of York; their uncle was Richard III) In this way, the red and white roses would be united. Three months after his coronation Henry kept his promise and married the Yorkist princess. The Tudor Rose was a powerful symbol of this unity and peace between Lancaster (red) & York (white). This was done both to unite the houses of Lancaster and York, and to satisfy anyone who felt that the throne should have passed to Elizabeth on the death of her uncle, Richard III Legitimised his claim to the throne Henry VII s claim to the throne was the best of any Lancastrian but weaker than several Yorkists. He always claimed that God had given him victory. He wrote in his will: The crown which it pleased God to give us...

The stabiliser and securer Henry Tudor the stablisier he stablised and secured the Tudor Dynasty for his son (and his subsequent grandchildren) Legacy lasting effects Twenty-four-year reign (1485-1509) established the Tudor dynasty which ruled England until 1603 (Henry VII, Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary I, Elizabeth I) Henry Tudor founded a royal line which has lasted until the present day; every monarch of Britain is descended from the Lancastrian victor of Bosworth Field, 22 nd August 1485 His son, Henry VIII, succeeded without the slightest dispute or disorder Controlled the barons Henry needed a nobility that was strong enough to support him, but not strong enough to turn against him Barons held private armies which under the old feudal system the king could call upon if he needed protection. However, the barons could also use these armies against him Through the Act of Livery and Maintenance, Henry VII banned private armies with a fine of 10,000 Stopped the two pretender rebellions Simnel & Warbeck Pretender 1 Lambert Simnel 12-year old boy was crowned King of England in Dublin as Irish barons who supported the Yorkists claimed that Simnel was Edward IV s nephew, the Earl of Warwick In fact, Simnel was the son of an Oxford tradesman. The real Earl of Warwick was a prisoner in the Tower. It was a crisis as a Yorkist army fought a fierce battle in Stoke in 1487. But Henry managed to win, he pardoned the boy and sent him to work in the royal kitchens. The real Earl of Warwick was eventually put to death Pretender 2 - Perkin Warbeck Warbeck was said to look like one of the missing Princes in the Tower Richard of York Edward IV s sister, Margaret, recognised him and declared he was her nephew. She hated Henry and the Lancastrians. Warbeck was in fact the son of a tax officer in Belgium who had spent some time in Ireland with the Yorkist lords The King of Scotland, James IV, allowed Warbeck to marry his cousin, believing he was the real Prince and helped him to lead an unsuccessful invasion of England

in 1496. Warbeck was imprisoned for two years and then eventually put to death. Money maker France had supported the second pretender Perkin Warbeck which led Henry to invade France. Henry later signed the Peace of Etaples in Étaples (northern France) with French King Charles VIII in 1492 By this treaty, France agreed to expel Warbeck and pay England an indemnity (compensation) of 159,000 A king who loved wealth. Henry kept a careful eye on royal income; one set of account books for 1504-8 still exist and show that he read and signed every page Henry was allowed by Parliament to tax certain goods coming into the country. At that time, this raised about 39,000 a year not enough to run the country Customs duties on wool exports to the Netherlands and fees paid to him on the death of a lord or the marriage of his children, made the final amount about 110,000 Henry devised some rather unusual taxes he made his richer subjects loan him money, or give him money out of their love for him. He was respected but not loved Made links with nearby/far countries SCOTLAND - Helped to improve relations with Scotland, a separate country at the time (until 1603). In 1503 King James IV of Scotland married Henry s daughter, Margaret. It was their descendants who ruled England and Scotland as the Stuart kings and queens from 1603 (James I, Charles I, Charles II, James II, William III/Mary II, Anne) SPAIN - The treaty of Medina del Campo also arranged the marriage of Henry s eldest son, Arthur, to King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella s daughter, Catherine of Aragon. When Arthur died soon afterwards, Catherine stayed in England and was engaged to his brother, the future King Henry VIII Henry VII commissioned John Cabot, an Italian navigator and explorer. Cabot s discovery of parts of Canada in 1497 is commonly held to have been the first European exploration of the mainland of North America since the Vikings' visits in the eleventh century

2. Causes of Henry VIII break from Rome (MR LP Money, Religion, Love, Power) The King s Great Matter desire for a male heir Divine Right of Kings Love for Anne Boleyn Desire for a male heir to continue the Tudor Dynasty in a patriarchal (male-dominated) society But the only surviving child from his marriage to his first wife, Catherine of Aragon (married her in 1509), was a girl, Mary (born in 1516) First wife, Catherine of Aragon, unable to provide a male heir Desire to get a divorce regardless of the Pope s refusal as he had fallen in love with Anne Boleyn Henry believed that he was being punished by God for marrying his brother s widow. He convinced himself that his marriage was invalid and Wolsey was instructed to seek an annulment from the Pope In 1529, the Pope sent Cardinal Campeggio to England to preside over a court to debate the issue The court failed to reach a decision Henry blamed Wolsey for his failure to secure the annulment He was charged with treason, but died in 1530 before he could be brought to trial Henry appointed Thomas Cranmer as Archbishop of Canterbury. Cranmer held many Protestant views and was known to support an annulment Cranmer secretly married Henry and Anne Boleyn in January 1533 and annulled the marriage to Catherine The Pope excommunicated Henry (expelled from the Church). But Henry now believed that he, and not the Pope, should be in charge of the Church in England In September 1533, Anne gave birth to Henry s child. To the King s huge disappointment, it was another girl Elizabeth Belief that God gave the King power to rule his power should be respected as it was God-given Break from Roman Catholic Church to increase his own power as the Pope was challenging his power Although she was Protestant, Henry was infatuated with Anne Boleyn as revealed in surviving love letter correspondence she was intelligent, strong-willed, young, beautiful

Anne had given Henry a daughter Elizabeth, but she was the only one of their children who survived Henry became convinced that he was being punished He had also fallen in love with another courtier, Jane Seymour, and wanted to be rid of his wife Cromwell accused Anne of treason, adultery and incest charges that are now believed to be untrue She was tried, found guilty and executed in May 1536 Wanted Church money Increased his money by taking it away from the Roman Catholic Church (after break with Rome dissolved monasteries) Roman Catholic Church owned a quarter of the wealth in England Catholic no longer Roman Catholic Henry did NOT intend for a religious Protestant reformation still a devout Catholic but no longer wanted to be a Roman Catholic he did not want the Pope to be the head of the Church of England he wanted to be head In 1521, Henry had written a book attacking Martin Luther (1517, 95 Theses) and was rewarded by the Pope with the title Defender of the Faith Fidei Defensor monarchs still have this title today FD on coins BUT since 1688 all monarchs have to be Protestant what would Henry VIII think?!

3.Consequences of Henry VIII s break from Rome Used parliament laws to increase the power of the monarchy What became known as the Reformation Parliament, passed laws which helped Henry increased his power over the Church Thomas Cromwell was Henry s chief advisor (after Wolsey) and was a Protestant (like Cranmer) Cromwell used his influence to pass several laws The Act in Restraint of Annates (1532) stopped the English Church making payments to the Pope The Statute in Restraint of Appeals (1533) declared that England was ruled by a king who had whole and entire authority within it Therefore, any excommunication from Rome of English people was invalid and the English were forbidden from appealing to the Pope The Act of Succession (1533) declared that the marriage of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon had been invalid and that Princess Mary was therefore illegitimate. The Act stated that the throne would pass to the children of Henry and Anne Boleyn instead The Act of Supremacy (1534) declared that Henry was the head of the English Church, not the Pope The Treason Act (1534) stated that anyone who argued against Henry s position as head of the English Church would face a charge of treason (going against the King/Country). E.g. Sir Thomas More, Henry s former Lord Chancellor (leader) was executed in 1535 The First Fruits and Tenths Act (1534) allowed Henry to take the first year s earning from all bishop and church offices. Thereafter he would take one-tenth of any further earnings Created Church of England monarch head Creation of the Church of England separate from Rome. Now England was no longer Roman Catholic but Catholic Legacy lasting impact today - all monarchs in England are still head of the Church of England

Dissolution of the monasteries With the help of Thomas Cromwell and Parliament Acts, over four years, Henry VIII dissolved (closed) 800 of England's monasteries (where monks live and serve God) between 1536 and 1540 for the following key reasons: MONEY he wanted to steal the monasteries extreme wealth and land as they owned over a quarter of England/Wales; he also needed more money as the break with Rome provoked the Catholic countries of Spain and France to declare war on England, which was encouraged by the Pope. Henry now needed money to defend England POWER get rid of disloyal monks who still supported the Pope s papal power and confirm Henry as Head of the Church of England and land was valuable and gave Henry power RELIGION to remove corrupt (bad) monks behaving badly drinking, gambling and being too rich PLEASED LANDOWNERS they bought the land and buildings of the monastery for their own uses. By getting rich this way, they also committed themselves to Henry as Supreme Head of the Church of England HOMELESS - These monasteries had been home to more than 10,000 monks. Many former monasteries were sold off to landowners. Others were taken over and became churches, such as Durham Cathedral. Many were left to ruin, such as Tintern Abbey EXECUTED - A few monks who resisted were executed, but those who surrendered were paid or pensioned off The Pilgrimage of Grace Henry crushed any rebels! Movement became known as the Pilgrimage of the Grace in 1536 - religious protest viewed by Henry VIII as a rebellion in Yorkshire in the autumn of 1536 against Henry VIII's break with the Roman Catholic Church and the Dissolution of the Monasteries The opposition to the Dissolution of the monasteries came from local people who took up arms against Cromwell s men Peasant pilgrims led by Robert Aske a lawyer 30,000 peasants protested in the North (Yorkshire, Lincoln) Pilgrims carried on the pilgrimage banners with the wounds of Christ As they marched, they claimed that they did not intend to attack the King but to free him from the influences of advisors like Cromwell Pilgrims captured York Lord Darcy surrendered Pontefract Castle Henry offered the pilgrims a free pardon but had no intention of keeping these promises and the ringleaders were executed including 200 rebels

Anti-Protestant laws Despite his treatment of the Church, although no longer a Roman Catholic but still a devout Catholic and was anti-protestant He did not want the country to become Protestant Henry passed the Six Articles (1539) which made it illegal to have Protestant beliefs E.g, anyone who did not have Catholic belief of transubstantiation that wine/bread turns into blood/flesh Jesus Christ (Protestants believe Communion is symbolic) would be burned to death. Ordinary people forbidden to read Bible. About 500 Protestants arrested, some burned to death Henry produced the King s Book, which prohibited many kinds of people from reading the new English Bible NOTE: These laws replaced the Ten Articles (1536) which Cromwell had previously passed to make the country more Protestant e.g. Bible in English, priests could marry, pilgrimages and relics banned

4.What were the religious changes in Tudor England? Henry VIII to Edward VI Mary I Martin Luther and the rise of Protestantism The Church played an important role in everybody s life during the sixteenth century. But some people started to question the way it was run A common practice was the selling of indulgences and the charging of money to visitors who wanted to pray over relics of certain saints The Church had gained great wealth through these practices. People began to resent the fact that this money was spent on supporting the lifestyles of churchmen rather than being given to the poor and needy Church services were conducted in Latin, which generally only priests could read. Some people started to argue that the Bible should be translated into English for ordinary people to read (if they were lucky enough to be literate most were not) or to listen to in church services 16 th century - In 1517, a German monk named Martin Luther nailed a list of 95 points (theses) for reform to the door of a church in Wittenberg, Germany

Luther s ideas became a movement known as Protestantism. Protestants protested and criticised practices such as the selling of indulgences & the worship of relics, & argued for translations of the Bible Indulgences - Church sold indulgences to help themselves/lost loved ones souls get into heaven faster Criticism against indulgences - should not have to pay your way into heaven faith alone enough Biggest criticism buyers believed they would have less time in PURGATORY where soul went after death to be cleansed of sins. This misled believers Bible should be in English, simple churches closer to God & stop distractions from God, priests less important A key argument was over the issue of TRANSUBSTANTIATION Catholics believed the bread and wine actually transformed into Jesus Christ s flesh and blood Protestants believe communion is SYMBOLIC/to commemorate - bead/wine during Holy Communion to be SYMBOLIC of the blood and flesh of Jesus Christ Henry VIII began as a strong supporter of Catholic views. He wrote a book attacking Luther and was rewarded by the Pope in 1521 with the title Defender of the Faith Protestants protesting against the Roman Catholic Church Catholic Henry VIII Henry was still a devout Catholic; anti-martin Luther and was pro-pope (title FD in 1521) but became anti- Pope Clement VII who challenged his Divine Right of Kings power to get an annulment from Catherine Six Articles (1539) ensured Catholic England remained Catholic, not Protestant FAILURE - Therefore, Henry VIII s break from Rome in 1534 began a period of religious uncertainty and instability where Christians were divided over those who still supported the Pope as the head (Roman Catholics), moderate Catholics who supported the monarch as the head of the Church of England, and those who were moderate and extreme Protestant, who wanted religious freedom to practise their simpler version of Christianity. Still conflict today between Catholics/Protestants e.g. Ireland, 1960s Troubles and today still divided SUCCESS increased power of monarch as Head of Church of England lasting legacy today

Protestant Edward VI Boy king (9 years old on throne, 1547) too young to rule on his own regent ruled country for him Edward s first regent was his Protestant uncle, Edward Seymour (Duke of Somerset) Duke of Somerset influenced religious revolution in England. Latin Mass abolished (ended) and new prayer book published in English (more accessible). Stained-glass windows smashed, statues of saints smashed and pictures on church walls whitewashed simplicity to avoid distractions and bring people closer to God Many people hated changes and new services e.g. 1549 people of Devon and Cornwall rebel against new prayer book change rebels defeated and priest leaders hanged from their own steeples ruthless response Duke of Somerset replaced by Duke of Northumberland even more fiercely Protestant Catholic bishops sent to Tower Edward died from TB (tuberculosis lung disease) 15 years old Protestant Lady Jane Grey - Nine- Day Queen 1553 Lady Jane Grey was queen of England for nine days in 1553 She was named heir by Edward VI before he died to maintain the Protestant religious reformation changes enforced during Edward s reign But she was overthrown by Edward's sister, Catholic Mary. Later, Mary had Jane executed Jane was only 16 years old Lady Jane Grey was the granddaughter of King Henry VIII's sister Mary Plans for the Succession Jane's father was made duke of Suffolk in 1551. This meant that Jane spent a lot of time at the royal court. Her father and Edward s second regent advisor, the duke of Northumberland decided that Jane should marry Northumberland's son, Lord Guildford Dudley an arranged marriage Northumberland also persuaded the dying King Edward VI that Jane should be his successor and not his half sisters, Mary and Elizabeth. This way Northumberland and Suffolk would be parents to the king and queen of England. They would be the most powerful men in the country.

The Nine Days Queen On July 10, 1553, Lady Jane Grey was proclaimed queen. Before he died, however, Henry VIII had said that if Edward died without having any children, the throne should pass first to Mary and then to her sister Elizabeth. An Act of Parliament had confirmed this line of succession Mary was the rightful queen and she had a great deal of support in the country. She and her supporters marched to London to seize the throne. Northumberland and Suffolk knew their position was weak, and Mary had little trouble overthrowing Jane Mary sent Jane, Guildford Dudley, and the duke of Suffolk to the Tower of London. They later pleaded guilty to treason and were sentenced to death. Lady Jane and her husband were beheaded 6 months later on February 12, 1554. Jane's father was executed 11 days later. Roman Catholic Mary I- BLOODY MARY turn or burn And then everything changed - Edward died in 1553, and Mary (Henry's elder daughter) became queen Extreme Roman Catholic Mary I (Henry s elder Roman Catholic daughter mother Catherine of Aragon) continues the Mid Tudor Crisis with extreme turn to Roman Catholicism again The Catholic bishops came out of the Tower; Protestant ministers went in She was advised by Reginald Pole, an English Cardinal who came to England from Rome In 1554 Queen and Parliament knelt before him and begged to be reunited with Rome In the same near, Mary married the son of the King of Spain, Prince Philip. Spain was a Catholic country. Re-instated Pope as head of Church of England, brought back Catholic Latin church services & Bible, luxurious colourful stained glass windows/paintings etc., marries son of the King of Spain, Prince Philip (Spain was a Catholic country) Catholic marriage alliance, Protestants given a choice Turn or Burn 300 Protestants chose to be burned victims saw themselves as heroes/martyrs Mary offered the Protestants a choice: 'Turn or Burn'. About three hundred Protestants chose to be burned. But times had changed in England. Many of Mary's victims, ordinary people, died like heroes. The burnings did not turn people back to Rome, they made people hate Roman Catholicism. Mary became more and more unpopular. People started to call her 'Bloody Mary'. When she died in 1558, people rejoiced. EXPLAIN: Mary s brutality and changes made people hate Roman Catholicism Mary became more unpopular nicknamed Bloody Mary

REVISION AND EXAM TIPS 1. BE CLEAR ON THE EXAM You must read through this revision booklet carefully and be clear on: the exam format, key content to revise, the exam mark scheme for the evidence and essay sections, and the practice exam questions 2. PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS You must complete practice exam questions, ideally in exam conditions which means without notes and with a timer (e.g. place your watch beside your paper as you are writing) 3. HIGHLIGHT & PLAN EXAM ANSWERS Always highlight/circle key words in the question and sources. You must spend 3-5 minutes doing a quick bullet-point plan for each exam question answer. NOTE: Show your plan on your answer paper the examiner wants to see your thinking and this will lead to a better structured answer and ultimately a higher mark). 4. PEEL PARAGRAPS: 5. SUMMARISE NOTES INTO KEY WORDS/BITESIZE CHUNKS You must summarise/condense your notes into bitesize chunks of key points. Write them as bullet-points on, e.g. revision cards, Power Point slides, mind-maps, spider diagrams. REMEMBER you are not expected to know and remember everything. Use the key content below to help you select the key points. 6. MEMORY TECHNIQUES You could use memory techniques to help you remember the key points e.g. visuals/images and mnemonics (e.g. Key causes of the Peasants Revolt = BBS PN = Black Death, Boy King, Statute of Labourers, Poll Tax, New ideas of equality John Ball) 7. CREATIVE REVISION You could create bitesize chunk summary voice recordings, videos, songs, raps, poems, posters, living timelines (on wallpaper rolls, toilet paper?!), laminate notes and put them in the shower - or other creative revision techniques 8. REVISION TIMETABLE Create a revision timetable to help you organise the subjects and topics you need to cover (there are lots of templates online). Also include breaks and fun time. It is normally advised to have breaks after every 30-40 minute revision session. Keep hydrated.