SCIENCE, MIND AND ART

SCIENCE, MIND AND ART

BOSTON STUDIES IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Editor ROBERT S. COHEN, Boston University Editorial Advisory Board TIIOMAS F. GLICK, Boston University ADOLF GRUNBAUM, University of Pittsburgh SAHOTRA SARKAR, McGill University SYLVAN S. SCHWEBER, Brandeis University JOHN J. STACHEL, Boston University MARX W. W ARTOFSKY, Baruch College of the City University of New York VOLUME 165

BOSTON STUDIES IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Editorial Committee for the Robert S. Cohen Festschrifts: KOSTAS GAVROGLU, National Technical University, Athens, Greece ADOLF GRUNBAUM, University of Pittsburgh JURGEN RENN, Max-Planck-Institut for Wissenschaftsgeschichte, Berlin SAHOTRA SARKAR, McGill University SYLVAN S. SCHWEBER, Brandeis University JOHN J. STACHEL, Boston University MARX W. WARTOFSKY, Baruch College, The City University of New York Volume I Volume II Physics, Philosophy, and the Scientific Community Essays in the philosophy and history of the natural sciences and mathematics Science, Politics and Social Practice Essays on Marxism and science, philosophy of culture and the social sciences Volume III Science, Mind and Art Essays on science and the humanistic understanding in art, epistemology, religion and ethics

SCIENCE, MIND AND ART Essays on science and the humanistic understanding in art, epistemology, religion and ethics In honor of Robert S. Cohen Edited by KOSTAS GAVROGLU National Technical University, Athens JOHN STACHEL Boston University MARX W. WARTOFSKY Baruch College, The City University of New York KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS DORDRECHf / BOSTON / LONDON

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Science, mind, and art: essays on science and the humanistic understanding in art, epistemology, religion, and ethics in honor of Robert S. Cohen I edited by Kostas Gavroglu, John Stachel, Marx W. Wartofsk y. p. cm. -- (Boston studies in the philosophy of science; v. 165) Includes index. ISBN 0-7923-2990-2 (hbk. : alk. paper) 1. Philosophy of.ind. 2. Science--Phllosophy. 3. Philosophy, Modern--20th century. I. Cohen, R. S. (Robert Sonne) II. Gavroglou, Kostas. III. Stachel, John J., 1928- IV. Wartofsky, Marx W. V. Series. C174.B67 vol. 165 [B0418.31 001'.01 s--dc20 [501] 94-48184 ISBN 0-7923-2990-2 ISBN Set 0-7923-2991-0 Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, P.O. Box 17,3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Kluwer Academic Publishers incorporates the publishing programmes of D. Reidel, Martinus Nijhoff, Dr W. Junk and MTP Press. Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Norwell, MA 02061, U.S.A. In all other countries, sold and distributed by Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved 1995 Kluwer Academic Publishers No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.

TABLE OF CONTENTS EDITORIAL PREFACE ix A. AESTHETICS, ART HISTORY AND THE WORK OF ART PAUL FEYERABEND / Art as a Product of Nature as a Work of Art WILLIS H. TRUITT / Neo-Pragmatism and the New Aesthetic. The Second Death of Philosophy 19 ANNA WESSELY / The Reader's Progress: Remarks on Arnold Hauser's Philosophy of Art History 29 EMIL Y L. HIESTAND / Poems from "Green the Witch-Hazel Wood" and "Alluvial" 45 B. EPISTEMOLOGY, PHILOSOPHY OF MIND, METAPHYSICS AND THE PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE MYRIAM BIENENSTOCK / Hegel's Conception of Teleology 55 HELENA EILSTEIN / The Virus of Fatalism 71 STEVE GERRARD / Wittgenstein Versus Artificial Intelligence? 89 HERBERT HORZ / Schopenhauer und Helmholtz: Bemerkungen zu einer alten Kontroverse zwischen Philo sophie und Naturwissenschaft 99 JOSEPH MARGOLIS / The Meaning of Thomas Kuhn's "Different Worlds" 123 MICHAEL R. MATTHEWS / Multicultural Science Education: The Contribution of History and Philosophy of Science 149 JOELLE PROUST / Functionalism and Multirealizability: On Interaction Between Structure and Function 169 CHARLES W. SMITH / A Closet Realist 187 vii

viii T ABLE OF CONTENTS C. PHILOSOPHY, RELIGION AND HUMAN VALUES ADOLF GRUNBAUM / The Poverty of Theistic Morality 203 ERAZIM KOHAK / "... Knowing Good and Evil... " 243 HILLEL LEVINE / Is Judaism Thisworldly? Cosmological Boundaries, Soteriological Bridges, and Social References in Judaism 255 WAL TER G. MUELDER / A Gloss on Robert S. Cohen's Ambiguities of Science 279 DEBRA NAILS / Socrates and Plato: Understanding the World and Changing it 295 LEROY S. ROUNER / Science, Religion, and the Quest for Truth: Aristotle and Tillich on the First Principles of Knowledge 315 RUTH L. SMITH / Relational Morality: Which Relations, Which Morals? 327 JOHN SILBER / On Bob Cohen 345 ALFRED I. TAUBER / On the Transvaluation of Values: Nietzsche Contra Foucault ELIE WIESEL / Rabbi Yehuda the Prince 349 369 D. HISTORY, MEMORY AND REALITY ARNO J. MAYER / Memory and History: On the Poverty of Remembering and Forgetting the Judeocide 385 THEODORE SHAPIRO / Remembering and Reality 401 ALFRED F. YOUNG / Common Sense and the Rights of Man in America: The Celebration and Damnation of Thomas Paine 411 INDEX OF NAMES 441

EDITORIAL PREFACE The essays in this Festschrift are celebrations of the human mind in its manifold expressions - philosophical, scientific, historical, aesthetic, political - and in its various modes - analytical, systematic, critical, imaginative, constructive. They are offered to Robert S. Cohen on the occasion of his 70th birthday, in acknowledgment of his own extraordinary participation in the life of the mind, and of his unfailing encouragement and facilitation of the participation of others. It is fitting that these volumes should appear in the Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, the series which he co-founded so many years ago, and of which he has been the principal editor for more than three decades. (These are perhaps the only volumes of that series which he has not edited or co-edi ted!) The three volumes that constitute this Festschrift cover the range of Cohen's interests as a philosopher/scientist/humanist, as they also represent the spectrum of his professional and personal friendships. (Regretfully, the editors could not include contributions from more of them here.) The first volume centers around the philosophy and history of the natural sciences and mathematics; Volume Two collects essays related to Marxism and science, philosophy of culture and the social sciences; and the third volume focuses on science and the humanistic understanding in art, epistemology, religion and ethics. The editors and the editorial committee express their thanks to Annie Kuipers, our editor, conscience and guide at Kluwer Academic Publishers, who has been guardian angel of the Boston Studies these many years, and a good friend of Robert's; to her able assistant, Evelien Bakker; to Carolyn Fawcett for apt translation and editorial assistance; and of course, to Robin Cohen for all around enthusiasm, timely revelations and steady support. KOSTAS GAVROGLU National Technical University, Athens JOHN STACHEL Boston University MARX WARTOFSKY Baruch College and the Graduate Center of The City University of New York IX