GENERAL INDEX ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 7 INTRODUCTION 9 PART I: HISTORICAL CONTEXT AND THEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK CHAPTER I: Twentieth Century American Ecumenism 19 1. Introduction 19 2. Denominationalism in American History 20 3. American Contributions to the Origins of Modern Ecumenism 22 3.1 World Missionary Conference at Edinburgh in 1910 22 3.2 Life and Work 23 3.3 Faith and Order 24 3.4 The World Council of Churches 25 4. Protestant Unions in Twentieth Century America 27 4.1 The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America 29 4.2 The Presbyterian Church (USA) 30 4.3 The United Methodist Church 31 4.4 The National Council of the Churches of Christ USA 32 4.5 Response of the American Denominations to «Baptism, Eucharist, andministry» 33 4.6 Response of the Catholic Church to «Baptism, Eucharist, and Ministry» 36 4.7 The Consultation on Church Union and Churches Uniting in Christ 37 5. Catholic Ecumenism in Twentieth Century America 38 5.1 Examples of Catholic Ecumenism in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries 38 5.2 Catholic Ecumenism in the Wake of Pius XI's «Mortalium Animos» 40
394 THE DEVELOPMENT OF CATHOLIC ECUMENICAL THEOLOGY 5.3 Post-Vatican II Catholic Ecumenism in America 41 5.3.1 The U.S. Bishops'Committee for Ecumenical and Interreligious Affairs 42 5.3.2 Bilateral Dialogues in the U.S 42 6. Summary 44 7. Conclusion 45 CHAPTER II: Ecumenical Teachings of Vatican II and Postconciliar Documents 47 1. Introduction 47 2. The Ecumenical Teaching in Lumen Gentium 48 2.1 The Nature of the Church in «Lumen Gentium» 48 2.2 «Lumen Gentium» Article Eight 51 2.3 «Lumen Gentium» Article Fourteen "..53 2.4 «Lumen Gentium» Article Fifteen 54 2.5 Summary 55 3. The Ecumenical Teaching in «Unitatis Redintegratio» 55 3.1 Historical Overview of «Unitatis Redintegratio» 55 3.2 Chapter I of «Unitatis Redintegratio» 57 3.3 Chapter II of «Unitatis Redintegratio» 60 3.4 Chapter III of «Unitatis Redintegratio» 61 3.5 Summary 63 4. Postconciliar Documents on Ecumenism 64 4.1 1993 «Directory for the Application of Principles and Norms on Ecumenism» 64 4.2 «Orientale Lumen» 66 4.3 «UtUnumSint» 66 4.4 Summary 69 5. «Dominus Iesus» 69 6. Conclusion 71 PART II: THE ECUMENICAL WRITINGS OF WEIGEL, PETER, HOTCHKIN, AND DULLES CHAPTER III: The Contribution of Weigel 75 1. Introduction 75 2. Method and Ecumenism 78 2.1 The Catholic Church and the World Council of Churches 78 2.2 The Nature of Ecumenism: From the Hope of «Return» to «Giving and Receiving» Witness to the Gospel 80 2.2.1 Ecumenism and the Hope of «Return» 81
GENERAL INDEX 395 2.2.2 The Salvation of Other Christians 82 2.2.3 Para-Ecumenical Dialogue 83 2.2.4 Ecumenism and the Law of Love 84 2.2.5 Ecumenical Convergence on the Nature of the Church 84 2.2.6 Treasures in Other Christian Communities 85 2.2.7 «Giving and Receiving)) Witness to the Gospel 86 2.3 Spiritual and Human Qualities Needed for Ecumenical Activity 87 2.4 Summary 89 3. «American» Ecumenism 90 3.1 Historical Influences on the Catholic Church in America 90 3.2 Cultural Influences on the Catholic Church in America 91 3.3 Unique Traits of American Catholicism 93 3.4 A Distinctively «American» Ecumenism 95 3.5 Summary 98 4. The Church 99 4.1 Ecclesiology as a Theological Discipline 99 4.2 The Church as the Mystical Body of Christ 101 4.3 The Catholicity of the Church 103 4.4 Belonging to the Church 104 4.5 Ministry and the Laity 106 4.6 Summary 108 5. Selected Themes in Protestant Theology 109 5.1 The Historical Development of the Protestant Theological Tradition 110 5.2 Selected Themes in Protestant Theology 113 5.2.1 The Church 113 5.2.2 Authority and «Protestant Freedom» 114 5.2.3 Protestant Epistemology 116 5.2.4 Protestant Morality 117 5.2.5 Justification by Faith Alone 117 5.3 Summary 118 6. Distinct Protestant Theologies in America 119 6.1 The Left 119 6.2 The Center 122 6.3 The Right 125 6.4 Summary 127 7. An Evaluation of the Theology of Paul Tillich 128 7.1 Tillich's Theological Method 129 7.2 The Protestant Principle and Tillich's Ecclesiology 131 7.3 The Christology of Paul Tillich 134 7.4 Summary 135 8. Evaluation 136 9. Conclusion 142
396 THE DEVELOPMENT OF CATHOLIC ECUMENICAL THEOLOGY CHAPTER IV: The Contribution of Peter 143 1. Introduction 143 2. Method and Ecumenism 145 2.1 The Transcendental Method 145 2.2 The Theology of Hope 146 2.3 Hope and Ecumenism 147 2.4 Summary 148 3. The Church 149 3.1 The Definition of Church 149 3.2 The Role of Memories and Hopes in the Church 150 3.3 The Ecumenical Task in Light of Vatican II 151 3.3.1 Denominational Conversion 152 3.3.2 «A New Apologetic» 152 3.4 Summary, 153 4. The Eucharist 153 5. Ministry 155 5.1 The Office of Bishop 155 5.1.1 Historical Analysis of Jus Divinum 155 5.1.2 Application to Lutheran-Roman Catholic Dialogue 159 5.2 An Ecumenical Approach to Infallibility 159 5.3 The Ministries of Other Christian Communities 160 5.4 Summary 162 6. The Doctrine of Justification by Faith 162 6.1 An Ecumenical Interpretation of Trent's Decree on Justification 163 6.2 Formulation of the «Catholic Principle)) and Its Application 165 6.3 Summary 166 7. Mediation 167 7.1 Historical Analysis of Sixteenth Century Views on Mediation 167 7.2 Ecumenical Implications of Developments in Catholic Teaching 170 7.3 Summary 172 8. Evaluation 173 9. Conclusion 179 CHAPTER V: The Contribution ofhotchkin 181 1. Introduction 181 2. Method and Ecumenism 182 2.1 Evaluation of the Bilateral Method 182 2.2 Standards for Measuring Ecumenical Progress 184 2.3 The Third Stage of the Ecumenical Movement 186 2.4 Summary 188 3. The Church 188 3.1 The Church as Koinonia, the Church and the Kingdom, and Churches and Ecclesial Communities 188
GENERAL INDEX 397 3.2 The Ecumenical Task of the Church 192 3.3 Summary 193 4. The Eucharist 193 4.1 The Principles for Communicatio in Sacris in «Unitatis Redintegratio» 193 4.2 Christian Dialogue and the Eucharist 196 4.3 Summary 198 5. Ministry 198 5.1 An Ecumenical Consideration of Ministry 198 5.2 Summary 202 6. Mixed Marriage 202 6.1 Review of «Matrimonia Mixta» 202 6.2 Review of «Familiaris Consortio» 203 6.3 Summary 206 7. An Evaluation of the Theology of Paul Tillich 206 8. Evaluation 208 9. Conclusion 213 CHAPTER VI: The Contribution of Dulles 215 1. Introduction 215 2. Method and Ecumenism 217 2.1 Ecumenism and Theological Method 217 2.2 Ecumenical Goals and Strategies 219 2.2.1 Preconciliar Ecumenical Goals and Strategies 219 2.2.2 The Ecumenical Teachings of the Second Vatican Council..220 2.3 Postconciliar Ecumenism 223 2.3.1 The Harford Appeal and the Ecumenism of Common Witness 223 2.3.2 Disadvantages of Postconciliar Strategies 226 2.3.3 A New Proximate Goal of Ecumenism 227 2.4 Strategies for the New Stage of the Ecumenical Movement 230 2.5 Summary 233 3. «American» Ecumenism 233 3.1 Historical and Cultural Influences on the Catholic Church in America 234 3.2 The American Experience of Vatican II 236 3.3 A Distinctively «American» Ecumenism 238 3.4 Summary 239 4. The Church 239 4.1 The Teachings of the Vatican II on the Unity of the Church 240 4.1.1 Models for Describing the Unity of the Church 240 4.1.2 Application of the Models to Vatican II 241 4.1.3 Myths Concerning the Ecumenical Teachings of Vatican II.246 4.2 Models of the Church 247
398 THE DEVELOPMENT OF CATHOLIC ECUMENICAL THEOLOGY 4.3 The Marks of the Church in Ecumenical Perspective 255 4.3.1 Protestant and Catholic Views of Catholicism in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries 255 4.3.2 The Four Marks of the Church of Christ 258 4.4 Models of Church Membership 262 4.5 Church Unity and the Eucharist...; 265 4.6 Summary 270 5. Ministry 271 5.1 «Ius Divinum» as an Ecumenical Problem 271 5.1.1 Historical Background of the Problem of Ius Divinum 272 5.1.2 The Teaching of Vatican II on Ius Divinum 274 5.1.3 Contemporary Theories of Ius Divinum 275 5.1.4 Dulles' Schema for Understanding Ius Divinum 279 5.2 Papal Primacy and Infallibility 281 5.2.1 Historical Treatment of Papal Primacy and Infallibility 281 5.2.2 Reinterpretation of the Divine Institution of the Papacy 283 5.2.3 Reinterpretation of the Primacy of Jurisdiction 285 5.2.4 Reinterpretation of Papal Infallibility 286 5.2.5 «Moderate Infallibilism» 288 5.2.6 A Renewed Papacy and Ecumenism 290 5.2.7 Changes in Dulles' Views on Papal Primacy and Infallibility 291 5.3 The Mutual Recognition of Ministries 292 5.3.1 Lutheran-Catholic Dialogue 293 5.3.2 Baptism, Eucharist, and Ministry 297 5.3.3 The Ordination of Women 298 5.4 Summary 299 6. Dogma and Ecumenism 300 6.1 The Reformulation of Dogma 301 6.2 Principles for Doctrinal Unity 307 6.3 An Ecumenical Creed 310 6.4 Issues in Lutheran-Roman Catholic Dialogue 311 6.4.1 A Catholic Interpretation of the Augsburg Confession 311 6.4.2 The Doctrine of Justification by Faith 313 6.4.3 The Lutheran-Catholic Joint Declaration 316 6.5 Summary 321 7. Revelation in Ecumenical Perspective 322 7.1 Revelation as a Path to Christian Unity 323 7.2 The Ecumenical Implications of «Dei Verbum» 326 7.3 Discerning Authentic Tradition 327 7.4 Revelation in the Writings of Paul Tillich 329 7.5 Summary 332 8. Evaluation 333 9. Conclusion 341
GENERAL INDEX 399 PART III: COMPARISON OF ECUMENICAL WRITINGS AND ASSESSMENT OF CONTRIBUTIONS CHAPTER VII: Comparison of Ecumenical Writings 345 1. Introduction 345 2. Method and Ecumenism 345 3. «American» Ecumenism 348 4. The Church 349 5. The Eucharist 350 6. Ministry 352 7. Dogma and Ecumenism 354 8. The Doctrine of Justification 356 9. An Evaluation of the Theology of Paul Tillich 357 10. Conclusion 358 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 359 ABBREVIATIONS 363 BIBLIOGRAPHY 367 INDEX OF NAMES 391 GENERAL INDEX 393