THE Pennsylvania Magazine OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY VOLUME CI THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA 1300 LOCUST STREET, PHILADELPHIA 19107 1977
CONTENTS ARTICLES Andalusia, Country seat of the Craig Family and of Nicholas Biddle and His Descendants Philosophy Put to Use' Voluntary Associations for Propagating the Enlightenment in Philadelphia Owen Wister and World War I: Appeal for Pentecost The Nefarious Philadelphia Plan and Urban America: A Reconsideration Safe and Sanitary Without the Costly Frills: The Evolution of Public Housing in Philadelphia Into Pennsylvania's Spiritual Abyss: The Rise and Fall of the Later Keithians, 1693-1703 The Impact of British Western Policy on the Coming of the American Revolution in Pennsylvania Draft Resistance in Civil War Pennsylvania For One Night Only, or a Look at Theatre on the Kerosene Circuit Ida M. Tarbell and the Ambiguities of Feminism The Old Folks at Home: The Development of Institutionalized Care for the Aged in Nineteenth-Century Philadelphia Joseph Wharton's Nickel Business Charles Thomson, "Prime Minister" of the United States "Between Hawk and Buzzard": Congress as Perceived by Its Members, 1775-1783 William Duane, Philadelphia's Democratic Republicans and the Origins of Modern Politics New Light on the Philadelphia Mutiny of 1783: Federal-State Confrontation at the Close of the War for Independence Thomas Paine, Privateersman The United States Army Versus Long Hair: The Trials of Colonel Thomas Butler, 1801-1805 Babes in Bondage- Indentured Irish Children in Philadelphia in the Nineteenth Century Taylonsm and the Workers of Bethlehem Steel, 1898-1901 A Case of Judicial Misconduct. The Impeachment and Trial of Robert W. Archbald REVIEWS INDEX Page Nicholas B. Wainwright 3 Carl Bridenbaugh 70 Julian Mason 89 Thomas R. Winpenny 103 John F. Bauman 114 Jon Butler 151 Robert F. Oaks 171 Arnold Shankman 190 John L. Marsh 205 Robert Stinson 217 Carole Haber 240 W. Ross Yates 287 Fred S. Rolater 322 Arnold M. Pavlovsky 349 Kim T. Phillips 365 Kenneth R. Bowling 419 Alyce Barry 451 Donald R. Hickey 462 Dennis Clark 475 Daniel Nelson 487 Patrick J. McGinnis 506 129,258,388,521 iii 545
THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA OFFICERS President HAROLD D. SAYLOR HENRY R. PEMBERTON E. P. RICHARDSON Vice-Presidents THOMAS C. COCHRAN CAROLINE ROBBINS Secretary HOWARD H. LEWIS Treasurer GEORGE E. NEHRBAS Counsel HENRY N. PLATT ALLYN R. BELL CHARLES L. BLOCKSON NATHANIEL BURT JOHN CADWALADER D. HUGHES CAUFFMAN GEORGE W. CONNELL IV ROBERT W. CRAWFORD H. RICHARD DIETRICH, JR. RICHARD S. DUNN MRS. ANTHONY N. B. GARVAN WM. RICHARD GORDON PHILIP KLEIN Councilors JOSEPH W. LIPPINCOTT, JR. FRANK P. LOUCHHEIM ROBERT L. MCNEIL, JR. CHARLES E. MATHER III BERTRAM L. O'NEILL CAROLINE ROBBINS GEORGE K. SCHWARTZ ISADORE M. SCOTT E. NEWBOLD SMITH MRS. LAWRENCE M. C. SMITH MARTIN P. SNYDER H. JUSTICE WILLIAMS v
STANDING COMMITTEES Committee on Finance HENRY R. PEMBERTON, Chairman GEORGE E. NEHRBAS WM. RICHARD GORDON GEORGE W. CONNELL IV CHARLES E. MATHER III ALLYN R. BELL, JR. Committee on Library and Collections BERTRAM L. O'NEILL, Chairman CHARLES L. BLOCKSON MARTIN P. SNYDER E. NEWBOLD SMITH MRS. ANTHONY N. B. GARVAN RICHARD S. DUNN H. RICHARD DIETRICH, JR. NATHANIEL BURT Committee on Hall and Buildings ROBERT L. MCNEIL, JR., Chairman MRS. LAWRENCE M. C. SMITH H. JUSTICE WILLIAMS ISADORE M. SCOTT D. HUGHES CAUFFMAN Committee on Membership and Activities MRS. ANTHONY N. B. GARVAN, Chairman JOHN CADWALADER CHARLES E. MATHER III FRANK P. LOUCHHEIM Committee on Nominations H. JUSTICE WILLIAMS, Chairman BERTRAM L. O'NEILL HOWARD H. LEWIS WM. RICHARD GORDON PHILIP KLEIN Committee on Publications THOMAS C. COCHRAN, Chairman JOSEPH W. LIPPINCOTT, JR. CAROLINE ROBBINS EDGAR P. RICHARDSON NICHOLAS B. WAINWRIGHT vi
STAFF NICHOLAS B. WAINWRIGHT, Director Emeritus and Editor JAMES E. MOONEY, Director NANCY L. MIDDLEBROOK, Secretary Reading Room JOHN H. PLATT, JR., Librarian ANTHONY A. ROTH TIMOTHY L. BRATTON Manuscript Department PETER J. PARKER, Head LINDA STANLEY LUCY L. HRIVNAK CAROL SOFFA ELIZABETH SQUIRES GAW Catalogue Department JANIS PUGH LINDA M. SANDERS Photo-reproduction Department Louis W. MEEHAN Treasurer' s Office SARAH B. POMERANTZ, Assistant to the Treasurer GAIL KIRCHNER Membership and Museum DARTHE C. HAUCK Maintenance Staff DAVID T. MCKEE, Superintendent CATHERINE K. MCKEE MARGARET FREELAND vii
THE Pennsylvania Magazine OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY JANUARY 1977 ANDALUSIA, COUNTRYSEAT OF THE CRAIG FAMILY AND OF NICHOLAS BIDDLE AND HIS DESCENDANTS Nicholas 5B. Wainwright 3 PHILOSOPHY PUT TO USE: VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATIONS FOR PROPAGATING THE ENLIGHTENMENT IN PHILADELPHIA Carl Bridenbaugh 70 OWEN WISTER AND WORLD WAR I: APPEAL FOR PENTECOST Julian Mason 89 THE NEFARIOUS PHILADELPHIA PLAN AND URBAN AMERICA: A RECONSIDERATION Thomas R. Winpenny 103 SAFE AND SANITARY WITHOUT THE COSTLY FRILLS: THE EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC HOUSING IN PHILADELPHIA, 1929-1941 John F. Bauman 114 REVIEWS 129 PUBLISHED SINCE 1877 BY THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA VOLUME CI NUMBER 1
BOOK REVIEWS PAGE A Rising People: The Founding of the United States, 1765-1789 by Lillian B. Miller 129 SNVDER, City of Independence; Views of Philadelphia Before 1800, by Alan Fern 130 BECKMAN, The Statutes at Large of Pennsylvania in the Time of William Penn, Volume I, 1680-1700, by Nicholas Sellers 131 WOLF, Urban Village: Population, Community, and Family Structure in Germantown, Pennsylvania, 1683-1800, by Joseph E. Illick 133 REILLY, A Dictionary of Colonial American Printers' Ornaments and Illustrations, by C. William Miller 135 PETERSON, Building Early America: Contributions toward the History of a Great Industry, by Constance M. Greiff 137 HAMILTON, Sir William Johnson: Colonial American, 1715-1763, by Allen W. Trelease 139 GERLACH, Prologue to Independence; New Jersey in the Coming of the American Revolution, by Frederick R. Black 140 NELSON, General Horatio Gates, A Biography, by George W. Kyte 141 ROSENGARTEN, Freebooters Must Die! The Life and Death of William Walker, by Robert E. May 143 LOONEY, Old Philadelphia in Early Photographs, 1839-1914: 215 Prints From the Collection of the Free Library of Philadelphia, by Nicholas B. Wainwright 144 BUMBREY, A Guide to the Microfilm Publication of the Papers of the Pennsylvania Abolition Society at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, by Ira V. Brown 146 THE PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY is published each quarter in January, April, July and October by THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA, 1300 Locust Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19107. Yearly subscription, $10.00; single numbers $2.50. Communications should be addressed to the Editor. The Editor does not assume responsibility for statements of fact or of opinion made by contributors. Copyright, 1976, by The Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Second class postage paid at Philadelphia, Pa.
THE PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY VOLUME CI January, 1977 NO. 1 Publications Committee THOMAS C. COCHRAN JOSEPH W. LIPPINCOTT, JR. E. P. RICHARDSON CAROLINE ROBBINS NICHOLAS B. WAINWRIGHT Editor NICHOLAS B. WAINWRIGHT
Contributors NICHOLAS B. WAINWRIGHT is the author of several articles on the Biddle family. CARL BRIDENBAUGH, distinguished historian of America's colonial experience, has been a contributor to the Pennsylvania Magazine 1976, issue. JULIAN MASON, Professor of English and Coordinator of American Studies at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, has published several articles about Owen Wister and is writing a biography of him. In 1968-1970 he was the Specialist for American Cultural History in the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress. THOMAS R. WINPENNY, a former Hagley Fellow who earned his Ph.D. at the University of Delaware, is an Associate Professor of History at Elizabethtown College. His research interests are concentrated in business, economic, and urban history. JOHN F. BAUMAN is a Professor of History at State College, California, Pennsylvania. He is working on a book dealing with the history of public housing in Philadelphia, 1920-1950. PRINTED IN U. S. A. by The Winchell Company, PHILADELPHIA, PA.