Roman Art Or, Imperial Art St. Lawrence, 2/14/2017 Sunday, September 16, 2012 Course Outline The Roman Empire Influences on Roman Art Roman Architecture Roman Sculpture Roman Urbanization The Colosseum 1
700 BCE - Etruscan Supremacy 509-27 BCE Roman Republic 264-146 BCE The Punic Wars 44 BCE Julius Caesar assassinated 27 BCE 395 CE Roman Empire 70 CE - Titus Conquest of Jerusalem 70-82 Colosseum 79 Eruption of Vesuvius 118-125 Dome of Parthenon 161-180 Emperor Marcus Aurelius 395 Division of Empire Key Notions -Arch/vault/dome -Basilica -Equestrian statue -Forum -Oculus Timeline Italy and Region 2
The Punic Wars Source: 17 & 12 Influences on Rome Greece and Etruria Ancient Italy Etruria, Latium, and Sicilia Source: 8 3
Reconstructed model of the temple of Apollo Veii, Italy, c. 500 BCE Cellae Pronaos Podium Maison carrée Nîmes, France, c. 19 BCE, 18 x 36 m Pronaos Cella Podium Source: 4 Maison carrée Seen from back and plan Cella Pronaos Source: 7 4
Roman Architecture Arch, vault, and dome Caementicium Pantheon The arch, vault and dome Arch a-voussoir b-keystone c-springer Post-andlintel Barrel vault Groined vault Dome Jupiter Sanctuary Cement for arches and vaults, Anxur, II-I BCE Source: 8 5
Pantheon Rome, c. 118-125, 43,6 m high Source: 12 Giovanni Paolo Panini, The Interior of the Pantheon c. 1734-1735, Oil on canvas, 128 x 100 cm, National Gallery, Washington Source: 1 (image) Pantheon: plan and elevation Source: 3 3D model of the Pantheon 6
Pantheon: the oculus (9,14 m) Roman Sculpture Imperial arches Imperial statues Arch of Titus Rome, c. 81 CE, Marble, 15 x 12 m; and detail Source: 1 7
Equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius Piazza del Campidoglio, Rome, c. 173 CE, Bronze, 5,1 m Source: 1 Roman Urbanization Roman Forum Baths Aqueducts Apollodorus of Damascus, Forum of Trajan c. 113 CE, 91 x 107 m (central square) Source: 1 8
Apollodorus of Damascus, Forum of Trajan c. 113 CE, 91 x 107 m (central square) Source: 16 Baths of Caracalla Rome, 212-216 CE, 228 x 116 x 38,5 m high Source: 1 Baths of Caracalla Rome, 212-216 CE Source: 3 9
Baths of Caracalla, Frigidarium Rome, 212-216 CE Source: 4 3D model of the Baths of Caracalla Pont du Gard (over Gardon River) Nîmes, France, 40-60 CE, stone, 269 x 49,38 m Source: 3 The Seven Hills of Ancient Rome Source: 1 10
I. Gismondi, Ancient Rome 4th Century CE, Museum of Roman Civilization, Rome Source: 3 The Colosseum The Pearl of Roman Architecture Classical Orders with Tuscan and Composite Tuscan Doric Ionic Four-sided Corinthian Composite Source: 11 11
Colosseum Rome, 70-82 CE, 199 x 156 x 48,8 m 4th level: engaged Corinthian pilasters 3rd level: engaged Corinthian columns Source: 8 2nd level: engaged Ionic columns 1st level: engaged Tuscan columns Colosseum Rome, 70-82 CE, 199 x 156 x 48,8 m Colosseum Rome, 70-82 CE, 199 x 156 x 48,8 m Source: 4 12
Gladiatorial games Velarium Colosseum Rome, 70-82 CE, 199 x 156 x 48,8 m Christian Martyrdom Source: 12 3D model of the Colosseum Conclusion -Roman sculpture was used to heighten the emperor s prestige, by its size and realism, to rival the gods -Roman architecture served 2 important functions: 1) the smooth administration of the empire; and 2) to show the world the supremacy of Roman culture, namely by its technically superior constructions Suggested readings -Gombrich, The Story of Art, p. 93-100 -Cleaver, Art, an Introduction, p. 114-135 -Fiero, The Humanistic Tradition, vol. 1. p. 129-157 -Kleiner, Gardner s Art through the Ages, p. 247-298 13
Bibliography and Sources 1. Adams, Exploring the Humanities 2. Cleaver, Art, an Introduction 3. Fiero, The Humanistic Tradition, vol. 1 4. Kleiner, Gardner s Art through the Ages 5. Gombrich, The Story of Art 6. Nuttgens, Histoire de l architecture 7. Schnapp, Préhistoire et antiquité 8. University Laval Course Notes 9. www.schlijper.nl 10. www.adfield.com 11. www.techno-science.net 12. www.wikipedia.com 13. www.uark.edu 14. http://pics.livejournal.com 15. www.laputanlogic.com 16. http://legacy.earlham.edu 17. http://fineartamerica.com 14