17.1 Enlightenment
Success quote I have never found a person who didn t do better at work when he was appreciated rather than criticized. -Charles Schwab paraphrase
Coffee s influence on age of reason https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tsfxh2zdi_y -start at 40 seconds -What did they drink instead of water at first? -What did they switch to? -Why were coffee houses important?
Write down underlined information
Enlightenment Scientific successes led people to think that everything could be figured out with reason. Natural law- Rules discovered using reason. Could use logic to figure out any topic. (Economic, political) Enlightenment: movement in Europe from about 1650 until 1800 that said: people should use reason and should think for themselves, instead of tradition.
Thomas Hobbes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2sze08ainn4 Was influenced by the English Civil War. What do you think he will think about people? What can we learn? He thought there should be a powerful king to control people. Says king should be like a leviathan? Or an uncontrollable beast that people fear (Book of Job)
Thomas Hobbes Cont d. Believed people were naturally cruel, greedy, and selfish. If people were not controlled they would fight, rob, and hold others back. Do you agree? So people entered a social contract, where they give up their freedom for an organized society.
John Locke People have natural rights, like God gave to Adam in the Garden of Eden. But people make a contract (government) to protect them, because state of nature doesn t. (Not divine right) Government should protect natural rights. If not protected then overthrow government.
John Locke 1632-1704 People were basically good. People have natural rights like: life, liberty, and property. checks and balances to limit government power. He favored representative government and rule of law. What is rule of law? How did our country use these views?
Where did the enlightenment take place? -Why did the enlightenment happen? -What is the enlightenment?
Make a poster board Choose either Thomas Hobbes or John Locke. Make a protest poster with a slogan for their beliefs. Have the slogan eye-catching and visual Explain the slogan or provide additional information on the poster as well Include images
Review What was the enlightenment What caused the enlightenment to happen? What did John Locke believe? What ideas did America use from John Locke? -1) Limit power of government, 2) life, liberty and property 3) Rule of law 4) overthrow government if not working
Bill Gates gave life lessons that school won t teach you. Here is a few of them. Life is not fair No one cares about your self esteem. You will have to earn self esteem and success. Don t make excuses. Learn from your mistakes.
Voltaire Fought against injustice. Fought rich and powerful. Defended freedom of speech and was very outspoken. 1694-1778 -Deist-God started everything and let it run by itself. -Thought should focus on making life better for humans and not on religious thoughts.
Voltaire con t. -Thought we should tolerate other religious views. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fghv6zc BPxQ start at 30 sec. Earthquake -Earthquake 1755 one of worst in history. So bad could feel it over 800 miles away. (here to Mississippi) Led people to study more about earthquakes. How do you think philosophers responded to this earthquake? (Deist, God punish, no God, we don t know humans limited)
Montesquieu Said government should be separated into 3 branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. He thought each branch should balance the other two branches powers. Why did he think there should be a balance of power? What is a problem we have because of balance of power in the U.S?
Rousseau People were basically good. Said evils of society made people bad. Believed government should be voted in and thought government control should be small. Wrote Social Contract. Didn t like economic oppression. What does that mean?
Economics Laissez Faire- Letting businesses run with little government interference. Is this more Republicans or Democrats in our country?
Adam Smith -Said was invisible hand - If people are selfish and try to get money they will accidently help society. How? -Was the father of political economics. What is political economics?
Adam Smith Cont.. Said economy should be decided by the market and not government. Supply and demand. What does supply and demand mean? Thought gov t should protect from invasion (army), protect people from injustice (police), and public works (roads)
Mary Wollstonecraft Troubled personal life -Fought suicidal thoughts -Depression -Abusive father Argued her whole life for education and liberation of women. Said women and men were equally smart. Wrote a Vindication of the Rights of women. Was mother of Mary Shelly, who wrote Frankenstein.
With a partner choose 1 person we have talked about this week and write down 3 ways they influenced American government. (Voltaire, Adam Smith, and John Locke)
Montesquieu- 3 branches of gov t, separation of powers Rousseau- social contract, fought against economic oppression Wollstonecraft- women s rights, equal education, vindication of the rights of women Locke- natural rights: life, liberty, property. Hobbes- powerful king, leviathian
Same Religion is personal, not government. Against powerful who keep others down
Pick one thinker we talked about With Chromebooks or textbook: 1) List their beliefs. (3-5 bullet points) 2) Write 2 tweets responding to their beliefs.
Pressley s Classes: Log onto Twitter, Facebook, Snapchat, or Instagram and write a tweet/post responding to one of the thinker s we talked about. You re responding to their beliefs! - Make sure you @pressnicolely on Twitter - Use the #historicalrhetorical and #thinker s name - Must be school appropriate! - If you Facebook or Snapchat, you must show me that it s posted! And Picture must be related! - Extra Credit if you leave it posted for over 24 hours
President Obama Beliefs Students should get 2 years of community college free. Less pollution from cars Should work with other countries on world problems. Everyone should have affordable healthcare Tweet responses: 1) Free college? Sounds good to me. #savemoney
Success lessons https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2swvmkmqicq What is emotional intelligence? -understanding and dealing with people -managing emotions -dealing with stress -These are things you can work on and can be more important than having a high IQ.
Wolfgang Mozart http://www.biography.com/#!/people/wolfgang-mozart-9 417115#synopsis Why was he impressive? - He had over 600 works and only lived until 35. - One of the greatest composers of all time. - He could compose in all forms of music - Learned piano at age of 3 - Estimated IQ of 165 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fci2u265wxq
Modern day Derek Amato (Head Injury) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lugcoolbwkk 12 Year Old Genius Jacob Barnett https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbw4s9xctok 4:00-5:30 ish He learned all of high school math in 2 weeks. He was in college at age 10 and was tutoring others in advance math. At 16 was studying to get his PHD in theoretical physics.
The Smartest People in the World!
Diderot Was the chief editor of the Encyclopedia, which was important during the enlightenment for spreading education. Was friends with Rousseau. Wanted to further knowledge and rationalism. (Or to enlighten people) Was atheist and was against church and state.
David Hume Empiricism- Truth is found using the senses Truth is found through experience. Custom is our guide. What does that mean? He thought customs guided us on: -Beliefs -Assume future will be same as past. (Sun rising) -Future standards. What does this mean?
Make an advertisement -Pretend that either Mozart, Diderot, or David Hume was coming to speak and you re in charge of making an advertisement to the event. -In the advertisement include what they accomplished or why they are important.
Peyton Manning Come see Peyton Manning speak at Mile High Stadium. Manning has thrown for the most touchdowns and most passing yards in NFL history. He has 4 MVP awards. And hear him talk about what it was like being the son of a former NFL quarterback.
American Revolution
13 Colonies of Britain
Britain as a superpower -Britain set up 13 colonies in the east of America, even though the native Americans lived here. -Britain was a superpower in the world in the 1700 s and the 13 colonies in America were under their control. Also had colonies in India, Africa, and Australia. -Britain helped create and shape our culture and in many places around the world.
Why did Colonies in America want independence from Britain? -They felt were being taxed too much -Colonies wanted to have representatives in government -Thought they were being watched over like they were kids -They didn t think their complaints were being listened to. -Why do you think Britain didn t want colonies to become independent?
Colonies declare independence -Using ideas from enlightenment, Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence and claimed: -The government should protect freedoms of life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness. -People have right to change or overthrow government if rights aren t protected. -Government power comes from the people.
Revolutionary War -Even though they were underdogs, the colonies defeated the British. -George Washington led the American Army and later became the first President. -The people didn t trust government, but almost everyone trusted and respected George Washington and looked to him. -In 1787, the constitution is written by the people and for the people. -Many countries around the world copied ideas from the constitution and its ideas of freedom.
Alexander Hamilton -Was the first secretary of treasury and one of George Washington s main advisors. -He had strong influence on the constitution being passed. -He helped America get out of debt and develop a stable economy. -He never ran for President because worried about a sex scandal.
Let s listen to and watch Hamilton! 1. Listen to his introduction song, Alexander Hamilton https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cwkpb07rbta 2. Video of selected songs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yvbyobtkdrk Stop at 3:10 Start again at 4:15 - Stop 5:15 3. Listen to the following audio versions: Cabinet Battle #1 (no lyrics) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dsyw61xqz eo Cabinet Battle #2 (France) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_jwvkyjy7e 8 One Last Time (George Washington) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gkoknlvqp