This book belongs to We would like to thank Patrick Leehey, Research Director at The Paul Revere Memorial Association for his time and expertise. We would also like to gratefully acknowledge the assistance provided by Linda McConchie, Executive Director of the Freedom Trail Foundation. Cover photo courtesy of The Paul Revere Memorial Association. Copyright 2003, Teaching & Learning Company ISBN No. 1-57310-403-5 Printing No. 987654321 Teaching & Learning Company 1204 Buchanan St., P.O. Box 10 Carthage, IL 62321-0010 The purchase of this book entitles teachers to make copies for use in their individual classrooms only. This book, or any part of it, may not be reproduced in any form for any other purposes without prior written permission from the Teaching & Learning Company. It is strictly prohibited to reproduce any part of this book for an entire school or school district, or for commercial resale. The above permission is exclusive of the cover art, which may not be reproduced. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. ii TLC10403 Copyright Teaching & Learning Company, Carthage, IL 62321-0010
Table of Contents Boston s Freedom Trail...................................... 5 Boston s Freedom Trail Questions............................. 6 Map of Boston s Freedom Trail............................... 7 King s Chapel & King s Chapel Burying Ground................... 8 King s Chapel & King s Chapel Burying Ground Questions........... 9 Faneuil Hall Town Meeting Hall & Market...................... 10 Faneuil Hall Town Meeting Hall & Market Questions............. 11 The Liberty Tree & the Stamp Act.............................. 12 The Liberty Tree & the Stamp Act Questions..................... 13 The Boston Massacre........................................ 14 The Boston Massacre Questions................................ 15 Paul Revere s Engraving of the Boston Massacre Visual Propaganda 16 Paul Revere s Engraving of the Boston Massacre Visual Propaganda Questions............................................... 17 The Boston Tea Party & the Beaver............................. 18 The Boston Tea Party & the Beaver Questions.................... 20 Tea Act Handbill Original Document.......................... 21 Tea Act Handbill Original Document Questions.................. 22 Paul Revere in Boston........................................ 23 Paul Revere in Boston Questions............................... 24 The Battle of Bunker Hill..................................... 25 The Battle of Bunker Hill Questions............................ 26 John Hancock in Boston...................................... 27 John Hancock in Boston Questions............................. 28 Benjamin Franklin in Boston.................................. 29 Benjamin Franklin in Boston Questions.......................... 30 U.S.S. Constitution Old Ironsides............................. 31 U.S.S. Constitution Old Ironsides Questions..................... 32 Internet Research Ideas....................................... 33 Multiple Intelligence Activities................................. 37 Answer Key................................................ 42 TLC10403 Copyright Teaching & Learning Company, Carthage, IL 62321-0010 iii
Dear Teacher or Parent, Boston s Trail to Freedom is part of the Teaching & Learning Company s continuing series of books on historical monuments in the United States. The Freedom Trail would make an excellent companion piece to the previously published Liberty Bell. Both books are about the events leading up to the Revolutionary War, but they emphasize different aspects of that period in U.S. history. While the information in the two books overlaps somewhat, all of the exercises are completely different so that the two books would complement each other when used together. Why does this book focus soley on Boston when the American Revolution occurred throughout the 13 colonies? Boston, Massachusetts, was the colony in which many of the most important events leading to the Revolution happened. Samuel Adams of Boston formed the Sons of Liberty and the Committees of Correspondence, which later spread to the other colonies. The Boston Massacre and the Boston Tea Party happened in Massachusetts. Other colonies imitated the Tea Party in their own harbors. The Intolerable Acts that aroused the ire of all the colonies were specifically targeted at Massachusetts after the Tea Party there. The first battles of the Revolutionary War at Lexington, Concord and Bunker Hill were fought in Massachusetts. Finally, some of the most famous figures of the Revolution including John Hancock, John Adams, Samuel Adams, Paul Revere and James Otis lived in Boston. Massachusetts was arguably the colony that was most influential in leading what would become the United States into rebellion against Britain. I hope you and your student(s) find this book interesting and useful as an adjunct to your U.S. history lessons. Sincerely, Julia Hargrove iv TLC10403 Copyright Teaching & Learning Company, Carthage, IL 62321-0010
Name Boston s Freedom Trail contains more sites related to the Revolutionary War and the events leading up to that war than any other city in the United States. These sites had existed for 175 years or more before someone had the idea of uniting them into a single tourist attraction. Boston newspaperman William G. Schofield had the idea in 1950 for the name Freedom Trail and for combining the sites into a single walking tour. Previously, the historical sites had been run, funded and advertised separately. Because of the length of this book and the desire by the author to generally keep to the Revolutionary War theme in the sites chosen for the text, several of the sites on the Freedom Trail have been omitted. The Quincy Market was built under the leadership of Mayor Josiah Quincy in 1825 to expand the facilities for people selling their goods in Boston. The Old State House was built after a fire in 1711 burned down the original town meeting house. Old South Meeting House, Park Street Church and Saint Stephen s Church attest to the importance of religious worship among the early residents of Boston. Boston s Freedom Trail 1 The Old Corner Bookstore began as a business selling books, but it evolved into a publishing company called Ticknor and Reed. By the mid- 1800s it was doing business as Ticknor and Fields, Inc., and publishing the works of the New England authors (Longfellow, Hawthorne, Emerson, Stowe, Whittier, Holmes and Thoreau) who created a distinctly American literature. The Old Granary Burying Ground, dating back to 1660, contains the remains of many famous people including John Hancock, Samuel Adams, Paul Revere and the five people killed during the Boston Massacre. Boston Common, now the oldest public park in the U.S., began as an open space on which to graze the citizens cows and goats, to drill the local militia and to publicly execute criminals. Among those executed were religious dissenters such as Quakers, three women convicted of consorting with the Devil and an Indian sagamore (a subordinate chief of the Algonquian Indians of the north Atlantic coast). Now Bostonians stroll the park and enjoy its natural setting in the midst of the city. The State House designed by famous architect Charles Bulfinch and built between 1795 and 1798 was the seat of government in Boston. Bulfinch also designed the monument that was originally on Beacon Hill. It commemorated the fact that Beacon Hill (formerly Sentry Hill) had been a lookout post from the beginning of Boston s history. A beacon burned on the hill to warn the citizens when they were in danger. Copp s Hill was, at various times, a mill to grind corn, a fortress and a cemetery. It is now Copp s Hill Burying Ground where many famous and interesting names from colonial Boston may be found. Interested students can research these places on the Freedom Trail on the internet either through the National Park Service or the names of the specific sites. 1 Boston s Freedom Trail (2 nd ed.) by Robert Booth, Chester, Connecticut, The Globe Pequot Press, 1986. TLC10403 Copyright Teaching & Learning Company, Carthage, IL 62321-0010 5
Name Boston s Freedom Trail Questions 1. Who first had the idea of combining all of the colonial and Revolutionary War sites into the Freedom Trail? 2. If the Revolutionary War sites had been around for 175 years or more in 1950, how old are they now? 3. What were three things Boston Common was originally used for? 4. Why was Ticknor and Fields, Inc., an important business? 5. a. Name three famous people buried in the Old Granary Burying Ground. b. Who are the five famous but unnamed people also buried there? 6. How do you know that Charles Bulfinch was a highly respected architect? 7. Thought Question: Why are there so many historic cemeteries in Boston? 6 TLC10403 Copyright Teaching & Learning Company, Carthage, IL 62321-0010
Name Map of Boston s Freedom Trail Freedom Trail Sites & Structures 1. Bunker Hill Monument 2. U.S.S. Constitution 3. Copp s Hill Burying Ground 4. Old North Church 5. Paul Revere Mall 6. Saint Stephen s Church 7. Paul Revere s House 8. Faneuil Hall and Quincy Market 9. Old State House 10. Boston Massacre Site 11. Old Corner Bookstore 12. Old South Meeting House 13. Site of the First Public School 14. Benjamin Franklin Statue 15. King s Chapel and Burying Ground 16. Old Granary Burying Ground 17. Park Street Church 18. State House 19. Boston Common TLC10403 Copyright Teaching & Learning Company, Carthage, IL 62321-0010 7