The Rise of Europe Chapter 7
The Early Middle Ages 500-1500 A.D. The Dark Ages Waves of Invaders Trade slowed Towns emptied Lack of education Political division
The Rise of the Germanic Kingdoms The Goths, Vandals, Saxons, and Franks conquered the Roman Empire The Franks conquered Gaul (France) Clovis, king of the Franks converted to Christianity Became an ally to the Roman Catholic Church A Muslim Empire Threatens Europe Charles Martel rallied the Frankish warriors to stop approaching Muslims Battle of Tours: Christian warriors won
Charlemagne 786 became King 799, Pope Leo III asked for help against rebellious nobles in Rome Proclaimed the Emperor of the Romans Unified Europe and promoted Christianity Kept invaders out
Europe after Charlemagne Divided Europe into three regions More invasions by Muslims and Vikings
Knights and Nobles Knights and Warfare Knight: warrior on a horse tournaments Castles and Defenses A fortress Noblewomen Active roles in society Chivalry Code of conduct: loyal, brave, honest, and protect women and weak.
Feudalism and the Manor Economy
Manors Support Feudalism Manors: lord s estate; peasants worked the land Many peasants were serfs: bound to the land Lords and Peasants Peasants worked; paid taxes Lords offered protection; guaranteed food Peasant Life Was very harsh
Quiz 2 1. Why did peasants agree to feudalism? A. They were educated that way B. They were forced to C. they got protection and food 2. What were the values of a knight called? A. warrior code B. chivalry C. Knights code 3. What former empire did Germanic tribes takeover? A. Greece B. Rome C. Egypt
The medieval church Parish priests ran the church services and administered the sacraments Believed needed sacraments to get to heaven The Church was a social center and pride of village Cathedrals: magnificent churches Women were equal with men before God, but not on earth
Monasteries and Convents The Benedictine Rule: about 530 there were 3 vows Obedience Poverty Purity
Church power grows Church s Role in Society Papal Supremacy: Pope claims authority over all Even controlled land Highly educated; influential in politics Religious authority Pope could excommunicate (kick out of church): then you could not receive the sacraments or a Christian burial Interdict: an order excluding town, region, or kingdom from receiving sacraments
Corruption and Reform Reform 1073, Pope Gregory VII, outlawed marriage for priests and prohibited simony (selling of Church offices) Friars preached to the poor St. Francis of Assisi
Jews in Medieval Europe Jews and Christians lived in harmony By the 1000 s, Jews were persecuted when faced with disasters The Jews moved to Eastern Europe
Agricultural Revolution Technology Iron plow Harness over horses instead of ox Production Clear forests, drain swamps and reclaim wastelands Three field system: corn to soybeans to empty lots
Commercial Revolution Partnerships: groups of merchants System based on insurance Letters of credit and bills of exchange The Jewish population became lenders and anti-jewish prejudice rose
The Middle Class Consisted of traders, and artisans The middle class gained economic and political power Guild- a group based on job or skill Started off as an apprentice. Apprentice is to learn a job from an expert.