weapons, and any facilities or materials it might have for producing nuclear weapons~ Iraq did not yet have nuclear weapons, but it was trying to produce them.. After the formal cease-fire, the UN continued the trade embargo to pressure Iraq to carry out its promises. However, Iraq stubbornly resisted living up to the terms of the cease-fire agreement. (.... \. Section 4: Results of the War Tens of thousands of Iraqi troops may have died as a result of the war. Deaths of coalition troops totaled only about 370. Thousands of civilians in Iraq and Kuwait were also killed during the war. Coalition bombing severely damaged Iraq's transportation systems, communication systems, and petroleum and other industries. Coalition ~ttacks also wiped out much of Iraq's ability to provide electric power and clean water. As a result, many civilians died after the war from disease or a lack of medicine or food... In Kuwait, Iraqi troops looted the coontry and damaged many of Kuwaifs oil wells, in most cases by setting them on fire. In addition, Iraq dumped an estimated 465 million gallons of Kuwaiti crude oil into the.persian Gulf, killing wildlife and 1 2 3 causing long-term harm to the environment.. After the war, Saddam Hussein continued to rule Iraq. But revolts broke out among Kurds in northern Iraq and,.in southern Iraq, among Arabs of the Shlah sect of the Muslim 4 5 6 religion. Both groups had long opposed,hussein's rule. Iraq's army swiftly put down most of the rebellions. Thousands of Kurds and Shiites were killed in the revolts or died later of 7 8 9 disease, exposure, or hunger.... In April 1991, the United States and other coalition members established a safety zone In northern Iraq to protect the Kurdish refugees from Iraqi' troops. In 1992, to protect the Shiite population, coalition forces imposed a ban on Iraqi aircraft flights over southern Iraq. In 1996, Iraqi troops attacked Kurds in northern Iraq. The United States responded with missile attacks against Iraqi military targets~ The Persian Gulf War also focused world attention on the Arab-Israeli conflict. FolloWing the war, the United States renewed diplomatic efforts to resolve disputes between Israel and the Arab countries. These efforts helped lead to the ~igning in 1993 and 1995 of peace.agreements between Israel and the Palestine Uberation Organization, a group that represents Palestinian Arabs.. The war also proved that significant new forms of international cooperation were possible in the post-cold War era. Cooperation between the United States and the Soviet Union, along with' China's support, allowed the United Nations to take effective action against Iraq. After the war, some veterans complained of phys~al ' and psychological ailments that they believed were related to th!3ir service. Their symptoms, 'sometimes referred to together as Gulf War syndrome, included memory loss, fatigue, and joint pain. Some people believed that exposure to dangerous chemicals when U.S. troops destroyed a 'chemical weapons depot in Iraq may have affected the troops.. -190
weapons, and any facilities or materials it might have for producing nuclear weapons~ Iraq did not yet have nuclear weapons, but it was trying to produce them.. After the formal cease-fire, the UN continued the trade embargo to pressure Iraq to carry out its promises. However, Iraq stubbornly res.isted Ii~ing up to the terms of the cease-fire agreement. ("-" Section 4: Results of the War Tens of thousands of Iraqi troops may have died as a result of the war. Deaths of coalition troops totaled only about 370. Thousands o~ civilians in Iraq and Kuwait were also killed during the war. Coalition bombing severely damaged Iraq's transportation systems, communication systems, and petroleum and other industries. Coalition ~ttacks also wiped out much of Iraq's ability to provide electric power and clean water. As a result, many civilians died after the war from disease or a lack of medicine or food..... In Kuwait, Iraqi troops looted the country and damaged many of Kuwaifs oil wells, in most cases by setting them on fire. In addition, Iraq dumped an estimated 465 million gallons of Kuwaiti crude oil into the.persian Gulf, killing wildlife and 1 2 3 causing long-term harm to the environment.. After the war, Saddam Hussein continued to rule Iraq. But revolts broke out among Kurds in northern Iraq and,.in southern Iraq, among Arabs of the Shiah sect of the Muslim 4 5 6 religion. Both groups had long opposed,hussein's. rule. Iraq's army swiftly put down most of the rebellions. Thousands of Kurds and Shiites were killed in the revolts or died later of 7 8 9 disease, exposure, or hunger...' In April 1991, the United States and other coalition members established a safety zone in northern Iraq to protect the Kurdish refugees from Iraqi' troops. In 1992, to protect the Shiite popula~on, coalition forces imposed a ban on Iraqi aircraft flights over southern Iraq. In 1996, Iraqi troops atta<?ked Kurds in northern Iraq. The United States.responded with missile attacks against Iraqi military targets; The Persian Gulf War also focused world attention on the Arab-Israeli conflict. Following the war, the United States renewed diplomatic efforts to resolve disputes between Israel and the Arab countries. These efforts helped lead to the Signing in 1993 and 1995 of peace.agreements between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization, a group that represents Palestinian Arabs.. The war also proved that significant new forms of international cooperation were possible in the post-cold War era. Cooperation between the United States and the Soviet Union, along with China's suppon, allowed the United Nations to take effective action against Iraq. After the war, some veterans complained of physi9al and psychological ailments that they believed were related to th~lr service. Their symptoms, 'sometimes referred to together as GuJf War syndrome, included memory loss, fatigue, and joint pain. Some people believed that exposure to dangerous chemicals when U.S. troops destroyed a 'chemical weapons depot in Iraq may have affected the troops.. -190
(2) IraqfBifod " 0 _raul/ this countty into the wm. (3) As pari: of ihs United ~Jat!ens f.ease-fim c.. :w~(;)ment. Iraq ag"god to destroy these,ijeapql1s. (4) It was the 'cirs t crty atiacl<od by allied aircraft. (5) Term fur the membr Hs of ill CO:;lrtiG 1. (6) After1he allied ground attack began, it lool< nbouc this (IlClny hours before all military cperaiiolls ended.. (7) These precision-gllid~,d weapon~ weie iaunched from U.S. shil)s in the Persian Gulf. (8) Although the UN used it againbt Iraq alter the war, the Iraqis ignored the terms 01 the cease-fire agreerrt-..nt. (9) The lraq!s fimd Scud missiles at the~e lwo countries. Section 4: Results of the 'JVar (1) Iraq cau. ed.an enjimnmental disaster here. (2) This means was used by Iraqi troops to damage many of Kuwait's oil wells. (3) Following the Persian Gulf War, efforts were made to bring peace between Israel and these countries. (4) The war against Iraq brought about cooperation between these (( two former Cold War rivals. (5) It is believed that tens of thousands of its troops were killed In the Persian Gulf War. (6) _-------- The countries that took action against Iraq were members of this international organization. (7) After the war, they rebelled against Sad~am Hussein's rule in northern Iraq. (8) _ This Iraqi industry suffered greatly as a result of the war. (9)_----- Among other things, it was characterized by memory loss. ({ -19F~
.. Persian Guli War.9P.9tion i : 8Ec!<uround Events.... '... ' '., Ifii{:i'~ economvb~ffereddlj~ing Ule 1980s beca.use ():~ r~ :s ~. :~-. (2) 10 O~dertohelpitSinIiu: ~toi:n eco~omy recover, Iraq 1,' ;ar~:.: :~: : s ~: this Arab;ns;ghbor cancelled. '. (3) -.,;",...-..;;.,_._._... $G~t1darn HUsse'n saw If'~q as thelg~der of the Arab cp~:{:: -.~~. 'i:!iis, oountiy~.".. '. ' '. t ~' : '. '. : (4)...:-.. After ijt1q seized Klnl\1ait, there.,]i/ereiears ih~( Iraqi forces.'.c '~ : attack it field. (5).. ' In 1ge8~. it- was the sttqngest{'\ra.b..mmtary power in the Mldci:s E3: ~ (6) ~.,...--.'.. A border dispi/c0' be~ee~: Ulese \Wo countries was among ihe.. '. ~.....'..reasc)o-~.fwhy one of them Invad~~ the other... (7) -... -,-'- This Kntenlat~onal body condem~ed Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. (8).S.addam Hussein claimed that Kuwaij was:'hlkiii g'lraqi oil from ', '. here.'.....'.. "........,... -. ',. (9)._''.:...-.-.:._~,_.'_~-'--...:...-. ;:.... Hussein wanted OPEC 'J6 r'ctiseth~ world p.rice of this export. Section 2! ;:The World's Reaction ",'.,.,.. '......,.,... "..'.. '....,., _~--' ine SecuritY~'Cbuncil used;ihd stiarplycurtaillraq"s foreign trade..,;;.. ~) _.,--_.. _._.._.....:,._-'-----'-_ 'it provided ;}t!outwl!~ ~t6itd~ 9f'ali Lc6alitipn troops. ' '... ~.. '. -.... '. (3).,.Th.~~ Sepuiity Qoun~ill1l~rnJ:J~rs did hot join the coalition, but also.' "did notblocl(' the'(jn;s invotl~~ n1er)tinthe.g'ri~i~.; "". ' ~ ','. '. -," '... t'. ~ ', _.. (4).~,...----'--,,.--~--,-_ After Kuwailfell,.the.U..S. a noou l1ca.~ it was' sending troops to this ',',... '.,.,.....,. I ".. "j.,". '. ",..J... oil~rich natiortjo protect itaga~risf.a pos.sible attac~....'.'."... (5) ---,-~-...-,..--,-_...,,-,...--~. Term forth~4o 'riariqn~ ' ~hich 'opp'6~ed Iraq~. '.'.:'.:.. '..... '..~ '. ", ",... '..'..... :. : '.... ~....::"...- t. ~ :.! '.' ~. ~. \.......... " : ";'" _.'!:.f.,.. (6) ~ -'- The U,N body which c9~~ernn~(jtl).~ Iraqiiliva.siq~.of ~4Wait. ' (7) -':'---.;..-.:~.....;...;.:..._~~ F:Qre~gn citizens and. dipl9m5!1$,qrd~recl by, ~~~~!T}I~~S~in.~o...~.;..'..'i'.' military and in~ustriaj sites in Iraq..>'.', ~. :!;.,,/ :,... :'~. :'... ~..... :' ".-'..' \.,:.~,ia., ~ ~~'".,:. '..'.--. '. " "....' (8) _-"- -,-- At.tile beginning of the Persian G~1f War,lfciq ~~ morf~ ofthem than the cpalition,' '. """,..... (9). --:- This was. the number of countries Which helped'iraq during the Persian Gulf War. '........ Section 3:'.The Persian Gulf War Begins.... (1) ---' American, French" andbriii$hforces iiwaded Iraq froriibases in" this coalition nation...... "...,. \, - 19.E.'