Set up a new TOC for the 2 nd 6 weeks
Our new unit: The Post-Classical Era (approximately) 500-1500 Areas of Focus: Medieval Europe, the Byzantine Empire, the Islamic Empire, Tang & Song China Vocab Quiz: 10/12 and 10/15 Unit Test: 10/16 and 10/17
The Split of the Roman Empire LG 1: Explain how Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy were unifying social and political forces in Western Europe and Byzantine Europe and identify the impact of ideas contained in Justinian s Code of Laws.
476: The Split of the Roman Empire- things change drastically WESTERN EUROPE BYZANTINE EMPIRE
Western Europe: Life after the fall of Rome Western Rome fell to barbarian invaders in 476 A.D. Start of the Middle Ages (500-1500) No central government; various kingdoms across Europe Kingdoms often at war Constant threat of invasion Trade declined due to disruptions & insecurity Cities abandoned due to danger; people fled to rural areas Decline in learning Loss of common language Lack of loyalty to government; focus on family ties Return to small communities
A Germanic Kingdom: The Franks The Franks emerged as the largest Germanic kingdom Led by Clovis, who converted to Catholicism Clovis: United Frankish people into one kingdom allied with the Church spread Christianity Expanded the empire Power of the pope increased Set up monasteries where Christian monks could study religion Video clip
Baptism of Clovis
The Role of the Church The Catholic Church survived the fall of Rome The church was the only thing remaining that provided order and security to the people in the west Christianity served as a cultural unifier Shared beliefs, ideas, goals = a community Thomas Aquinas: scholasticism- balance faith & reason Gothic architecture & grand cathedrals Flying buttresses, stained glass
The Crusades In 1093, neighboring Muslim Turks appeared ready to conquer Constantinople (Byzantine Empire) Pope Urban II issued a call for a holy war (Crusade) to gain control of the Holy Land of Palestine Over hundreds of years, this land changed hands between Muslims & Christians Multiple Crusades were launched throughout the next 300 Knights, younger sons went to fight Pope promised a place in heaven for those who died fighting Economic benefits Heavy outpouring of religious support
The Frankish Empire expands Charles Martel Nobleman who united more Frankish kingdoms Charles Martel & the Catholic Franks defeated the Moors (Muslims) at the Battle of Tours Unexpected victory This prevented the Moors from invading Europe, preventing the growth of the Islamic Empire to Western Europe
Charlemagne After Charles Martel s death, his son Pepin took over appointed King by the pope, then his grandson Charlemagne took power Charlemagne: the Holy Roman Emperor Most important leader of the Franks Ruled 768-814 A.D. Time of education, religion, and power Unified Christian land in Europe into one single empire: The Holy Roman Empire signified that Western Europe was now totally separate from the Byzantine
After Charlemagne The Holy Roman Empire collapsed due to new threats of invasion (Slavs, Magyars, Muslims, Vikings) led to the system of feudalism, a system of military service in exchange for land We ll learn about feudalism tomorrow!
The Byzantine Empire LG 1: Explain how Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy were unifying social and political forces in Western Europe and Byzantine Europe and identify the impact of ideas contained in Justinian s Code of Laws.
Byzantine Empire 500 to 1453 C.E. After the fall of Rome, the eastern continued for another 1,000 years Eastern half= Byzantine Empire Much more stable than the west, which collapsed Emperor Constantine moved the capital city to Byzantium and renamed it Constantinople Constantinople: cosmopolitan city with LOTS of trade; surrounded by water on 3 sides Song link 1 million+ citizens!
Characteristics Empire organized through a bureaucracy Officials were trained in Hellenistic classics (remember Greek influence) Regulated trade, taxes, and prices of goods Western Empire spoke Latin Byzantine Empire spoke Greek
Justinian, 518-565 C.E. One of the greatest Byzantine Emperors Wife Theodora Rebuilt the empire after a revolt Built the Hagia Sophia grand church Later a mosque Reconquered parts of North Africa, Italy, and Spain Created a systematic body of laws Justinian s Code Became the basis for many law codes in the western world today
Split of the Catholic Church Byzantine Empire Began Eastern Orthodox Church Western Europe Continued to practice Catholicism
Justinian s Code vs. California Laws
Page _: Draw a full-page T Chart Label one side Roman Catholicism Label the other side Eastern Orthodoxy
Roman Catholicism Priests are celibate Church & gov. work together Used Latin Led by Pope Cardinals & bishops Western Europe Crown & dethrone emperors Church: only way to heaven Eastern Orthodoxy Missionaries travel (Russia/Balkans) Cyrillic language Justinian s Code No pope Patriarch appointed by emperor Patriarch highest official Byzantine Empire Eastern Europe Churches with domes Monasteries Mosaics & colorful religious paintings
Exit Ticket 1. What happened at the Battle of Tours? 2. Which religion was associated with the Byzantine Empire? 3. True or False: The Catholic church served as a cultural unifier in Western Europe