Ukoro Theophilus Igwe Communicative Rationality and Deliberative Democracy of Jlirgen Habermas: Toward Consolidation of Democracy in Africa A 2005/6523 LIT
Ill TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I II GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1. PREAMBLE VIII 2. SITUATING HABERMAS'S PHILOSOPHICAL PROJECT IX 3. METHODOLOGY XIX PART ONE: 1 HABERMAS AND THE DIALECTIC OF MODERNITY 1 CHAPTER ONE: 2 REBELLION AGAINST ENLIGHTENMENT LEGACY AND FAREWELL TO REASON 2 1.0 PREAMBLE 2 1. 1 CRITIQUE OF THE 19th CENTURY ANSWER TO THE QUESTION OF ENLIGHTENMENT LEGACY AND MODERNITY 4 1. 2 FOUCAULT AND THE BLACKMAIL OF ENLIGHTENMENT 6 1. 2. I FOUCAULT'S BASIC CLAIMS IN WHAT IS ENLIGHTENMENT? 8 1. 2. 2 THE OBJECTIONS AGAINST FOUCAULT 11 1.3 DISPUTES AGAINST REASON 12 1. 3. 1 A CRITIQUE OF CONDORCET'S TESTAMENT TO THE FUTURE 14 1.3.2 CRITIQUE OF WEBER'S CHILLING PROGNOSIS 16 1.3.3 CRITIQUE OF ADORNO'S NEGATIVE DIALECTIC 21 1. 3. 4 CRITIQUE OF HEIDEGGER'S ONTOLOGICAL RENDERING OF REASON 23 CHAPTER TWO: 34 HABERMAS'S COMMLINICATIVE USE OF LANGUAGE 34 2.0 PREAMBLE 34 2. 1 HUMBOLDT'S CONSTITUTIVE DIMENSION OF LANGUAGE 36 2. 2 THE RADICALISATION OF LANGUAGE CONCEPT 37 2. 3 HABERMAS'S CONCEPT OF LANGUAGE 38 2.3.1 HABERMAS CONFRONTS OTHER HERMENEUTICS 39 2.3.2 THE CONDITIONS OF THE POSSIBILITY 40 2. 3. 3 HABERMAS'S EXPLICIT ATTACK 42 2. 3. 4 A REDEFINITION OF THE INTERNAL RELATION 45 2. 4 HABERMAS'S PROJECT OF FORMAL PRAGMATICS 47 2.4. 1 THE DOUBLE STRUCTURE OF SPEECH 49 2. 5 WHY A THEORY OF LANGUAGE IN GENERAL 55 2. 5. 1 THE BASIC PREMISES OF THE CONCEPTION OF LANGUAGE 56 2. 5. 2 POSSIBILITY OF JUSTIFYING THE INTERNAL CONNECTION 58 2. 6 THE STRUCTURAL SHORTCOMINGS OF FORMAL PRAGMATICS 63 2. 6.1 AN IDEALISED FORMAL PRAGMATICS 65 2. 6. 2 THE FORMAL PRAGMATICS OF SUBJECT-SUBJECT RELATIONS 71 2. 6. 3 TOWARD A RECONSTRUCTED FORMAL PRAGMATICS 75 VIII
IV CHAPTER THREE: 88 THE CRITICAL THRUST OF HABERMAS'S CONCEPT OF COMMLINICATIVE RATIONALITY 88 3.0 PREAMBLE 88 3. 1 A POSTMETAPHYSICAL YET NONDEFEATIST CONCEPTION OF REASON...89 3. 1. 1 FIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF POSTMETAPHYSICAL THINKING 90 3. 1.2 COMMUNICATIVE RATIONALITY AS NONDEFEATIST 93 3. 2 HABERMAS'S UNFINISHED PROJECT OF MODERNITY 99 3. 2. 1 HEGEL'S PARAMETERS OF MODERNITY 102 3. 2. 2 NIETZSCHE'S RADICAL CHALLENGE TO THE DISCOURSE OF MODERNITY. 106 3. 2. 3 CRITIQUE OF THE OBJECTIVE CHARACTER OF SCIENCE 112 3. 3 THE PATHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS OF MODERN SOCIETIES 118 3. 3. 1 THE COLONISATION OF THE LIFEWORLD 120 3. 3. 2 THE CULTURAL IMPOVERISHMENT OF THE LIFEWORLD 127 3. 4 THE CRITICAL THRUST 129 PART TWO: 136 HABERMAS'S COMMUNICATIVE POLITICS 136 CHAPTER FOUR: 137 HABERMAS'S PROCEDURALIST LEGAL PARADIGM 137 4.0 PREAMBLE 137 4.1 THE EVOLUTION OF HABERMAS'S LEGAL THEORY 140 4. 1. 1 SOCIOLEGAL INTERACT1ONIST CONCEPT OF THE PRODUCTION OF LAW.. 141 4. 1. 2 HABERMAS'S CONCEPT OF THE PRODUCTION OF LAW 143 4. 2 THE FOUR EVOLUTIONARY STAGES 144 4. 3 THE PROBLEMS OF LEGITIMATION OF LEGAL NORMS 149 4. 4 DELINEATION OF HABERMAS'S CONCEPT 153 4. 4. 1 POINTS OF CONVERGENCE 154 4.4.2 THE CONNECTION BETWEEN LEGITIMACY AND COMMUNICATION 154 4. 5 DEMOCRATIC THRUST OF HABERMAS'S PHILOSOPHY OF LAW 157 4.5.1 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FACTICITY AND VALIDITY 157 4. 5. 2 HABERMAS'S MEDIATION 160 4. 5. 3 HABERMAS'S ATTEMPT TO ANSWER THE QUESTION 163 4. 5. 4 ON THE QUESTION OF LAW AND POWER 165 4. 6 RATIONALITY PROBLEM AND LAW 167 4. 7 LAW AND POLITICAL DEMOCRACY 171 4. 7. 1 HABERMASIAN LAW-MAKING IN MODERN DEMOCRATIC STATE 172 4. 7. 2 JUDICIARY AND LEGISLATION 175 4. 8 THE DELIBERATIVE PARADIGM 179 4. 9 A CRITIQUE 182 CHAPTER FIVE: 190 MODEL OF THE PROCEDURALIST DELIBERATIVE DEMOCRACY 190 5.0 PREAMBLE 190 5. 1 EARLIER TRENDS IN THE REVIVAL OF DELIBERATIVE MODELS OF DEMOCRACY 192
5. 2 CONCEPTUAL BACKGROUND OF DELIBERATIVE DEMOCRACY 194 5. 3 HISTORICAL UNDERPINNINGS 194 5. 4 CRITICAL INTERVENTION OF HABERMAS'S CONCEPT OF PUBLIC SPHERE AND DEMOCRACY 201 5. 4. 1 GENESIS OF THE STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE PUBLIC SPHERE 201 5. 4. 2 CRITICAL DEBATES ON THE PUBLIC SPHERE 205 5. 5 HABERMAS'S MODEL 206 5.5. 1 THE CONTROVERSIES 210 5. 5. 2 DOES DEMOCRACY NEED FOUNDATION? 217 5. 6 THE QUESTION OF LIBERAL NEUTRALITY 219 5. 7 THE RELATION BETWEEN REASON AND POLITICS 221 5. 8 SOME PROCESS AND NECESSARY CONDITIONS 225 CHAPTER SIX: 236 THE NORMATIVE FOUNDATION OF DELIBERATIVE DEMOCRACY 236 6.0 PREAMBLE 236 6. 1 PUBLIC REASON APPROACH 239 6. 1. 1 ALTERNATIVE APPROACH 241 6. 1.2 HIERARCHICAL ACCOUNT OF AUTONOMY 241 6. 1. 3 CAPABLE OF SUPPLEMENTING ONE ANOTHER 246 6. 2 HABERMAS'S CONCEPT OF RULE OF LAW 247 6. 3 THE PROBLEMATIC OF CIVIL SOCIETY 252 6. 4 DEMOCRATIC LEGITIMACY 256 6. 5 ETHICAL DELIBERATION 260 6. 6 THE DIALECTIC 264 6. 7 SYSTEM OF BASIC RIGHTS 267 6. 7. 1 CONSENT OF THE GOVERNED 272 6. 7. 2 SOME MODIFICATIONS : 274 CHAPTER SEVEN: 284 COMMUNICATIVE POWER AND THE RETRIEVAL OF THE DEMOCRATIC ETHOS284 7.0 PREAMBLE 284 7. 1 COMMLINICATIVE FREEDOM AND INDIVIDUAL LIBERTY 289 7. 1. 1 POLITICAL POWER AND THE EROSION OF THE FEUDAL-CATHOLIC EUROPEAN COMMUNITY 293 7. 1. 2 THE UNFUFILLED PROMISES OF LAW 295 7.1.3 POLITICAL POWER AND ITS RELATION TO THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF LAW 296 7. 2 THE CHARACTER OF HABERMAS'S NOTION OF COMMLINICATIVE 297 POWER 297 7. 2. 1 THREE THREATS TO THE CONTINUITY OF COMMUNICATIVE POWER 300 7. 2. 2 THE "NEGATIVE" OR OBLIGATORY ASPECT 303 7. 2. 3 THE EMPOWERING ASPECT 305 7. 3 RETHINKING DISCOURSE ETHICS 306 7. 4 THE RETRIEVAL OF DEMOCRATIC ETHOS 307 7. 4.1 PROBLEMS ARISING FROM HABERMAS'S DISCOURSE THEORY 309 7. 4. 2 A CRUCIAL AMBIGUITY IN HABERMAS'S UNDERSTANDING 310 7. 4. 3 CRITIQUE OF HABERMAS'S UNDERSTANDING OF THE ETHICAL PRESUPPOSITIONS OF REPUPLICANISM 312 7. 4. 4 CRITIQUE OF HABERMAS'S INSISTENCE ON THE "PURITY" OF DISCOURSE THEORY 316
VI 7. 4. 5 CRITIQUE OF HABERMAS'S DISTINCTIVE MEANING OF "ETHICS" 317 7. 5 RELATION OF LAW TO MORALITY 323 7. 6 THE QUESTION OF DEMOCRATIC ETHOS 325 7. 7 THE FRUITFULNESS OF HABERMAS'S DISCURSIVE CONCEPT OF DEMOCRACY 326 7. 7. 1 CRITICAL OBJECTIONS OF THE DISCURSIVE PERSPECTIVE 327 7. 7. 2 THE GROWING GAP BETWEEN CITIZENS AND POLITICS 331 PART THREE: 342 AN ATTEMPT TO PLACE HABERMAS IN AFRICA 342 CHAPTER EIGHT: 343 ANAMNESTIC RATIONALITY: AFRICAN PHILOSOPHERS' CRY OF HOPE 343 8.0 PREAMBLE 343 8. 1 ANAMNESTIC SOLIDARITY: THE CRITICAL THEORIST AS WITNESS 344 8. 2 CRITIQUE OF THE ROLE OF EUROPEANS IN AFRICA 349 8. 3 AFRICA'S EXPERIENCE OF THE AGE OF EUROPE 353 8.3.1 THE IMPACT OF COLONIALISM IN AFRICA 355 8. 3. 2 CRITIQUE OF THE PHILOSOPHICAL PREJUDICES AGAINST AFRICANS 358 8. 4 CONTRADICTION AT THE HEART OF EUROPEAN MODERNITY 362 8. 5 THE COST OF OCCIDENTAL MODERNITY TO AFRICA 363 8. 6 CRITIQUE OF EUROCENTRISM 365 8. 6. 1 GENERAL THEMATIC CONTENT OF THE CRITIQUE 367 8. 6. 2 HOW EUROPE INVENTED OTHER REALITIES 368 8. 7 CRITICAL EXPLORATION OF KANT'S PHILOSOPHY OF RACE 372 8. 7. 1 CRITIQUE OF KANT'S CONCEPTION OF ANTHROPOLOGY 373 8. 7. 2 CRITIQUE OF KANT'S CONCEPT OF HUMANITY 375 8. 7. 3 HOW KANT LEGITIMATES THE DE FACTO GLOBALISATION OF EUROPE 378 8. 8 THE CRITICAL THRUST OF ANAMNESTIC RATIONALITY 382 CHAPTER NINE: 392 A CONTINENT HAUNTED BY HER PAST: TOWARD CONSOLIDATION OF DEMOCRACY IN AFRICA 392 9.0 PREAMBLE 392 9. 1 RENAISSANCE OF DEMOCRACY IN AFRICA 395 9. 1. 1 THE CRUSADE 397 9. 1.2 CRITIQUE OF THE IMPEDIMENENTS 401 9. 2 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF AFRICAN DEMOCRATIC GENRE 402 9. 2. 1 PECULIARITY OF AFRICAN POLITICS 404 9. 2. 2 CONDITIONS FOR THE POSSIBILITY OF THE CONSOLIDATION 407 9. 3 ECONOMIC REFORMS IN AFRICA 409 9. 3. 1 FRAMEWORK FOR MEANINGFUL ECONOMIC REFORM 410 9. 3. 2 CRITIQUE OF THE ECONOMIC REFORM PROGRAMME 412 9. 4 IS SAP AN IRRATIONAL CALCULUS? 415 9. 5 EFFECTIVE CONSTITUTIONAL DISCOURSE 418 9. 5. 1 CONSTITUTIONAL MAINTENANCE AND FEDERALISM 421 9. 5. 2 AFRICA'S TRANSITION AND CONSTITUTION MAKING 422 9. 6 DEMOCRATIC DISCOURSE AND CIVIL SOCIETY 424 9. 6. 1 EMERGENCE OF CIVIL SOCIETY IN AFRICA 426 9. 6. 2 CIVIL SOCIETY AS MIDWIFE OF DEMOCRACY IN AFRICA 428
VII 9. 6. 3 DEMOCRATIC CONSOLIDATION IN AFRICA NOW OR NEVER 429 GENERAL EVALUATION AND CONCLUSION 436 I. PREAMBLE 436 II. PARADOX OF COMMUNICATIVE RATIONALITY 437 III. THE PROBLEMATIC OF DEMOCRACY AND THE PUBLIC SPHERE 439 IV. DILEMMA OF THE LINGUISTIC TURN 441 V. CONCLUSION 446 BIBLIOGRAPHY 451 1. SELECTED WORKS OF HABERMAS's WRITINGS 451 I. PRINCIPAL PUBLICATIONS BY HABERMAS IN GERMAN 451 II. PRINCIPAL PUBLICATIONS BY HABERMAS IN ENGLISH 452 2. OTHER WORKS 454 3. SELECTED ARTICLES 469