Muslim Advances from 1450-1800 Suleimaniye Mosque, Istanbul
Rise of the Ottoman Turks! During the 13 th century, Turks under Osman begin building power in Anatolia they had received land in this area from the Seljuk Turks as a reward for their aid given to the Seljuks against the Muslims! As the Seljuks began to weaken, the Ottomans began to rise
Rise of the Ottoman Turks! In the 14 th century they expand into the Balkans; they defeated the Serbs (Christians) at the Battle of Kosovo in 1389, opening the door for Ottoman rule in the region! Janissaries: elite guard recruited from local Christian population in Balkans; were converted to Islam & then trained as soldiers and administrators
Rise of the Ottoman Turks! Mehmet II laid siege to Constantinople in April 6 1453! After almost 2 months, the city falls on May 29! The city and its inhabitants were brutally treated! Ottomans rename city to Istanbul & use as their capital
! After Constantinople, Ottomans spread throughout N. Africa. Under Suleyman I (the Magnificent) the Ottomans attacked Europe.
! After Constantinople, Ottomans spread throughout N. Africa. Under Suleyman I (the Magnificent) the Ottomans attacked Europe taking Hungary after the Battle of Mohacs (1526). Expansion continued in Europe until they were defeated at Vienna in 1529. They were defeated in western Europe, being halted at the Battle of Lepanto by the Spanish in 1571.
Safavid Rule! After the decline of Tamerlane s empire, the Safavids under Shah Ismail (from the line of Safi-al-Din...hence Safavid) rise to power in Azerbaijan. Safavids were Shiite Muslims rather than Sunni (most of the region was Sunni). By 1508 they had conquered Iran & Iraq after brutally massacring Sunni s in the areas conquered especially Baghdad. Under Shah Abbas, they reached their height from 1588-1629.
Mogul Rule! Babur, from the line of Tamerlane est. Mogul power in India by capturing the Khyber Pass (1504) and then Delhi (1526).! Babur s grandson Akbar est. control of most of India by 1605. Under Akbar, the Mogul Empire became the largest in India since the Mauryan Empire.! Shah Jahan, Akbar s grandson built Taj Mahal & expanded Mogul rule to almost the entire country
Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal
Mogul Rule! Shah Jahan ran the country deep into debt with his building projects and wars. His son Aurangzeb imprisoned his father and had himself proclaimed emperor in 1658. As a devout Muslim, he forbid many Hindu and native Indian practices (including suttee or satte ritualistic suicide of Hindu wives on funeral fires of husbands). His rule caused India to be divided and weak.
British in India! By 1650 the British had est. a presence in India at Ft. William (now Calcutta) and Chennai (now Madras).! The French est. a presence to compete with Br.; under East India s Robert Clive, the Fr. Had been relegated to the southern coast.
British in India! Trouble in province of Bengal ruler there rose up and attacked Ft. William! Black Hole of Calcutta overnight jail cell for inhabitants of the fort; of 146 that entered, only 23 made it out (including women and children)! Clive led Br. Against Indians at Battle of Plassey though outnumbered 10 to 1, the Br. Forces won and, as a result of the peace treaty, the East India Co. of England was given the power to collect taxes from the area in and around Calcutta beginning England s control of India.