Name: Advisory: Period: High School World History Cycle 4 Week 4 Lifework This packet is due Monday, April 24th Complete and turn in on FRIDAY 4/21 for 5 points of EXTRA CREDIT! Lifework Assignment Complete on evening of History of Passover Reading & Questions Monday, April 17 Religions Review Crossword Puzzle Tuesday, April 18
Source Analysis & Citing: Elie Wiesel s Night Wednesday, April 19 Questioning Skills: The Final Solution Thursday, April 20 Martin Niemoller Poem & Analysis Friday, April 21 Please complete assignments with excellence using complete sentences, correct punctuation and capitalization. Ms. Bush: 314-348-7588 Ms. Wiedemann: 636-692-1800 http://bushwiedemannworld.weebly.com/ Judaism: The History of Passover History.com, adapted by Newsela staff Passover (Hebrew: Pesach) is one of the Jewish religion s holiest and most widely celebrated holidays. It commemorates the story of the Israelites escape from ancient Egypt. Jews observe it with a number of traditions. These can include special Passover meals known as seders, the substitution of matzo for bread and a retelling of the Jews' journey to freedom. The Passover story According to the Hebrew Bible, Jews settle in Egypt after migrating there from a region called Canaan. For many years the Israelites live in peace with the Egyptians. But as their population grows, the Egyptians begin to see them as dangerous. Eventually, a particularly hateful pharaoh orders that they be forced to work as slaves. He also orders the drowning of each Jewish family's first son in the Nile River. One of these children is rescued by the pharaoh s daughter. He is given the name Moses and adopted into the Egyptian royal family. When he reaches adulthood, Moses becomes aware of his Jewish blood and the Egyptians treatment of his fellow Jews. He kills an Egyptian slave master and escapes to the Sinai Peninsula in northern Egypt. There he lives as a shepherd for 40 years. Moses returns for his people One day, however, Moses receives a command from God to return to Egypt and free the Jews. Moses approaches the pharaoh several times. When the pharaoh refuses to let the Jews go, God unleashes 10 disasters, or plagues, on the Egyptians. The final plague is the most awful. An avenging angel comes to kill every Egyptian family's oldest son. The Israelites mark the doors of their homes with lamb s blood so that the angel will recognize and pass over each Jewish family. Terrified of more plagues, the Egyptians convince their ruler to release the Jews. Moses quickly leads them out of Egypt. The pharaoh changes his mind, however, and sends his soldiers to bring them back. As the Egyptian army approaches the fleeing Jews at the edge of the Red Sea, a miracle occurs: God causes the sea to part, allowing Moses and his followers to cross safely. Then the passage closes behind them and drowns the Egyptians. According to the Hebrew Bible, the Jews then drift through the desert for 40 long years.
They finally reach their ancestral home in Canaan, later known as the Land of Israel. Questions of historical accuracy Many historians have tried to find proof of the story over the centuries, but they have not succeeded. Although the ancient Egyptians kept many records, there is no mention of a group of Israelites living alongside them. There is limited evidence of disasters like the 10 plagues. Scientists, however, have made some recent attempts to tie the biblical plagues to specific historical disasters. There is no evidence of large camps in the Sinai Peninsula, where the Jews wandered. Lastly, there is nothing that indicates a large group of people suddenly arrived in Israel at that time. A handful of scholars has suggested a link between the Israelites and the Hyksos. The Hyksos were an ancient group of people who ruled northern Egypt for awhile. They might have been from Canaan. Historians have not been able to prove the theory the Hyksos being the same people as the Israelites. Passover traditions One of the most important Passover traditions is removing all leavened food products from the home before the holiday begins. This includes breads, muffins, pancakes any baked goods that "rise" with yeast or baking powder. Instead of bread, religious Jews eat a type of flatbread called "matza", "matzah", or "matzo." According to tradition, this is because the Hebrews fled Egypt in such a hurry that there was no time for their bread to rise. On the first two nights of Passover, families and friends gather for a feast known as a seder. During the meal, the story of the Jews' escape from Egypt is read aloud from a special text called the Haggadah. During the reading, tasks are performed corresponding with each part of the story. Many of these involve eating certain foods from a seder plate at the center of the table. For example, vegetables are dipped into salt water representing the tears Jews shed during their time as slaves. Bitter herbs (usually horseradish) symbolizing the years of their enslavement are eaten. Other parts of the seder plate include matzo, a bone from a lamb's leg and a mixture of fruit, nuts and wine known as charoset. Children are expected to take part in much of the seder. At one point during the meal, the youngest child asks what distinguishes this special night from all other nights. In many families, young people also enjoy hunting for the afikomen. The afikomen is a piece of matzo that is hidden early in the evening. The finder is rewarded with a prize or money. Comprehension Questions: 1. What is passover? 2. Explain the relationship between the Jews and the Egyptians.
3. ****Who is Moses? Is he a Jew or an Egyptian? USE A QUOTE TO SUPPORT YOUR ANSWER. 4. *** What does God command of Moses? How USE A QUOTE TO SUPPORT YOUR ANSWER. 5. Where does the holiday s namesake of Passover come from? 6. What evidence have scholars found supporting the history of this Jewish religious story? 7. The reading provides several examples of how Jewish families celebrate passover. Identify and explain two of the Passover traditions.
Source Analysis & Citing Reading Holocaust Survivor: Elie Wiesel A Passage from his book, Night Background: Elie Wiesel was born in 1928 in Romania. He was 15 years old when he and his family were forced by Nazis to Auschwitz, a concentration camp. His mother and younger sister died, and his two older sisters survived. Wiesel spent time in four different concentration camps until he was freed by American soldiers in April of 1945. After being liberated, Wiesel became a journalist and wrote what would become his most prized work, Night. In recognition of his amazing book, Wiesel was awarded a Nobel Peace Prize in 1986. Elie Wiesel died on July 2, 2016 in New York. Gate into Auschwitz, in German it says arbeit macht frei, translated to English it means work will set you free. The following passage is from Elie and his father s first day at the Auschwitz concentration camp: We did not yet know which was the better side, right or left; which road led to prison and which to the crematory [oven for burning the dead]. But for the moment I was happy; I was near my father. Our procession [line] continued to move slowly forward. Another prisoner came up to us:
Satisfied? Yes, someone replied. Poor devils, you re going to the crematory. He seemed to be telling the truth. Not far from us, flames were leaping up from a ditch, gigantic flames. They were burning something. A lorry [big truck] drew up at the pit and delivered its load of little children. Babies! Yes, I saw it saw it with my own eyes those children in the flames. (Is it surprising that I could not sleep after that? Sleep had fled from my eyes.) So this was where we were going. A little farther on was another and larger ditch for adults. I pinched my face. Was I still alive? Was I awake? I could not believe it. How could it be possible for them to burn people, children, and for the world to keep silent? No, none of this could be true. Is was a nightmare Soon I should wake with a start, my heart pounding, and find myself back in the bedroom of my childhood, among my books My father s voice drew me from my thoughts: It s a shame a shame that you couldn t have gone with your mother. I saw several boys of your age [15] going with their mothers His voice was terribly sad. I realized that he did not want to see what they were going to do to me. He did not want to see the burning of his only son. My forehead was bathed in cold sweat. But I told him that I did not believe that they could burn people in our age [1940s], that humanity would never tolerate it Humanity? Humanity is not concerned with us. Today anything is allowed. Anything is possible, even these crematories... His voice was choking. Father, I said, if that is so, I don t want to wait here. I m going to run to the electric wire. That would be better than slow agony in the flames. He did not answer. He was weeping. His body shaken convulsively [uncontrollably]. Around us, everyone was weeping. Someone began to recite the Kaddish, the prayer for the dead. I do not know if it has ever happened before, in the long history of the Jews, that people have ever recited the prayer for the dead for themselves. Yitgadal veyitkadach shme raba May His Name be blessed and magnified whispered my father. For the first time, I felt revolt rise up in me. Why should I bless His name? The Eternal, Lord of the Universe, the All- Powerful and Terrible, was silent. What had I to thank Him for? We continued our march. We were gradually drawing closer to the ditch, from which an infernal [hell-like] heat was rising. Still twenty steps to go. If I wanted to bring about my own death, this was the moment. Our line had now only fifteen paces to cover. I bit my lips so that my father would not hear my teeth chattering. Ten steps still. Eight. Seven. We marched slowly on, as though following a hearse at our own funeral. Four steps more. Three steps. There it was now, right in front of us, the pit and its flames. I gathered all that was left of my strength, so that I could break from the ranks and throw myself upon the barbed wire. In the depths of my heart, I bade [offered] farewell to my father, to the whole universe; and, in spite of myself, the words formed themselves and issued in a whisper from my lips: Yitgadal veyitkadach shme raba May His Name be blessed and magnified My heart was bursting. The moment had come. I was face to face with t the Angel of Death
No. Two steps from the pit we were ordered to turn to the left and made to into a barracks [living quarters]. I pressed my father s hand. Never shall I forget that night, the first night in the camp, which has turned my life into one long night, seven times cursed and seven times sealed: Never shall I forget that smoke. Never shall I forget the little faces of the children, whose bodies I saw turned into wreaths of smoke beneath a silent blue sky. Never shall I forget those flames which consumed my faith forever. Never shall I forget the nocturnal [active at night] silence which deprived me, for all eternity, of the desire to live. Never shall I forget those moments which murdered my God and my soul and turned my dreams to dust. Never shall I forget these things, even if I am condemned to live as long as God Himself. Never. (Chapter 3) DIRECTIONS: Answer the following question with your answer and a direct quote. EXAMPLE QUESTION: What is President Obama referring to when he says faith in America and Americans will be confirmed? EXAMPLE ANSWER: During a time when many people are frustrated with the election results or the way the U.S. is governed, President Obama reminds Americans that part of democracy is that you will usually find people who share your beliefs. He suggests that some people have lost hope or faith in our democracy and government but instead challenges us to remember that more often than not, your faith in America and in Americans will be confirmed (Paragraph 3). #1: At first Elie thinks he is having a nightmare, why does he think so? ANSWER CHECKLIST: Complete and excellent sentences with proper capitalization, punctuation, and grit FULLY answers the question asked Uses a direct quote from Uses quotation marks CITES with (Paragraph #). after quote Elie explains, For the first time, I felt revolt rise up in me. Why should I bless His name? The Eternal, Lord of the Universe, the All-Powerful and Terrible, was silent. What had I to thank Him for? #2: Explain why Elie feels this way in the passage above. Provide a specific quote from the text support your answer.
ANSWER CHECKLIST: Complete and excellent sentences with proper capitalization, punctuation, and grit FULLY answers the question asked Uses a direct quote from Uses quotation marks CITES with (Paragraph #). after quote #3: How did this first day impact Elie? OPINION: How do you think an experience like Elie s first day would impact you? ANSWER CHECKLIST: Complete and excellent sentences with proper capitalization, punctuation, and grit FULLY answers the question asked Uses a direct quote from Uses quotation marks CITES with (Paragraph #). after quote Questioning Skills Directions: READ the sections of the article below. For each section, you may need to answer a question or write a question. Use the question examples below to help you write better questions! Question Starters WHO WHAT WHEN WHERE WHY What would happen if? Why is it actually.? What does the author mean by? How is it that the Hanukkah is? Why do the Jewish follow/practice? The Holocaust: The "Final Solution" History.com, adapted by Newsela staff
Hitler envisioned that Germany would create a pure super race of Germans (and no other ethnic group). Yet to enable this race to thrive, Germans would need lebensraum or as we would know it living space. Throughout the spring and summer of 1940, the German army expanded Adolf Hitler s empire in Europe. Nazi soldiers conquered Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium,Luxembourg and France. Beginning in 1941, Jews from all over the continent were transported to Poland. They were placed in confined city sections called ghettos. In June 1941, the German raid on the Soviet Union marked a new level of brutality in warfare. Mobile killing units would murder more than 500,000 Soviet Jews and others over the course of the German occupation. ANSWER: What steps did Hitler take to work towards lebensraum? The Final Solution On July 31, 1941, one of Hitler's top commanders wrote about the need for a "final solution" to "the Jewish question." Beginning in September 1941, every person designated as a Jew in German-held territory was marked with a yellow star. This made all of them open targets. Tens of thousands of Jews were soon being deported to the Polish ghettos. Since June 1941, experiments with mass killing methods had been ongoing at the concentration camp of Auschwitz. That August, officials used a pesticide called Zyklon-B to gas 500 Soviet prisoners of war to death. Nazi leaders soon placed a huge order for the gas, a disturbing sign of the coming 1. What is the problem/question that would cause a need for a Final Solution? 2. WRITE A QUESTION BELOW about the second paragraph.
Holocaust. Germans built mass killing centers in Poland Beginning in late 1941, the Germans began transporting huge numbers of people from the ghettos in Poland to the concentration camps. They started with those people viewed as the least useful: the sick, the old, the weak and the very young. The first mass gassings began at the camp of Belzec on March 17, 1942. Five more mass killing centers were built at camps in occupied Poland. These camps included Chelmno, Sobibor, Treblinka, Majdanek and Auschwitz. From 1942 to 1945, Jews were deported to the camps from all over Europe. The heaviest deportations took place during the summer and fall of 1942, when more than 300,000 people were deported from the Warsaw Ghetto alone. The Nazis tried to keep the operation of the camps a secret, but the scale of the killing made this impossible. Eyewitnesses brought reports of Nazi atrocities to the Allied governments, who were fighting against Germany in the war. The Allied powers included Britain, France, the United States and many other countries. Their governments were harshly criticized after the war for their failure to respond to news of the Holocaust. 3. What does the article mean when it says the people who were viewed as the least useful? Are there people today who feel this way about the least useful? 4. Write a question you have about the second paragraph: 5. What does it mean that the Nazis thought they should keep the camps secret? Were they successful in doing so? Why or why not? This lack of action was most likely due to the Allied focus on winning the war at hand. But it was also a result of the governments' refusal to believe that such atrocities could be occurring on such an enormous scale. At Auschwitz alone, more than 2 million people were murdered. A large population of Jewish and non-jewish prisoners worked in the labor camp there. Only Jews were gassed to death, but thousands of others died of starvation or disease. During the summer of 1944, even as Germany was beginning to lose the war, a large part of Hungary s Jewish population was deported to Auschwitz. As many as 12,000 Jews were killed every day. Germany surrenders after Hitler's death By the spring of 1945, German leadership was suffering from internal conflict. Several Nazi leaders were trying to distance themselves from Hitler and take power. In his last will, dictated in a German bunker on April 29, Hitler blamed the war on international Jewry and its helpers. The following day, he committed suicide. Germany s formal surrender in World War II came barely a week later, on May 8, 1945. German forces had begun evacuating many of the death camps 6. WRITE A QUESTION after reading the first paragraph 7. INFER: Why would German forces try to evacuate the people in their camps?
in the fall of 1944. They forced prisoners to march away from the advancing enemy's army. These so-called death marches resulted in the deaths of some 250,000 to 375,000 people. Germans and Jews were deeply affected by the Holocaust The wounds of the Holocaust were slow to heal. Survivors of the camps found it nearly impossible to return home. In many cases they had lost their families and been denounced by their non- Jewish neighbors. As a result, the late 1940s saw a great number of refugees and other displaced populations moving across Europe. 8.WRITE A QUESTION about what you read in the first paragraph: In 1945, the Allies began the Nuremberg Trials, an effort to punish the villains of the Holocaust. The trials brought Nazi atrocities to horrifying light. Increasingly, there was pressure on the Allied powers to create a homeland for Jewish survivors of the Holocaust. This eventually led to the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948. 9. List three ways the world and Germany tried to help Jews recover from the loss and horrid crimes of the Holocaust. Over the years that followed, ordinary Germans struggled with the Holocaust's bitter legacy. Meanwhile, survivors and the families of victims sought repayment for the wealth and property stolen from them during the Nazi years. In 1953, the German government began to make payments to individual Jews and to the Jewish people. This was a way of acknowledging responsibility for the crimes committed in their name. Poem Analysis: Martin Niemoller First they came for the Socialists, and I did not speak out Because I was not a Socialist. Then they came for the Trade Unionists, and I did not speak out Because I was not a Trade Unionist. Then they came for the Jews, and I did not speak out Because I was not a Jew. Then they came for me and there was no one left to speak for me.
DIRECTIONS: After reading the poem, answer the following questions with complete sentences. 1. What message do you think the author of the poem is trying convey (share)? 2. Considered a time when you witnessed someone being bullied for looking or acting different. How was that person treated? 3. In response to your answer to #2, how did this person react to being treated the way they were? 4. How did others react to the treatment? 5. How does this poem relate to the bullying you witnessed? 6. What two lessons can you learn from this poem and the Holocaust?