East and South Asia Describe the dominant characteristics, contributions of, and interactions among major civilizations of Asia, Europe, Africa, the Americas and the Middle East in ancient and medieval times H.3b.G
Seljuk Turks 1 st people in area to engage in conquest Gained main trade routes between East Asia, Middle East, and Europe While skilled in fighting, they were unable to set up a well-organized government
Mongols Take over Seljuk Turks Made up of clans Skilled fighters on horseback using bows and arrows
Genghis Khan Organized clans under 1 gov t Brought new code of laws called yasa Military campaigns were planned by chiefs of clans for the first time Given the name Kahn meaning absolute ruler
Military Achievements of Genghis Kahn Disciplined Calvary units Commanders selected based on merit (or talent) not by family ties
Mongol Conquest Victories over nearby civilizations brought in money which brought in new recruits Made it possible to attack China Where they learned siege warfare
Mongol Empire Created largest land empire in history Many trade routes passed through Mongol lands and encouraged closer cultural contact between East and West
Mongols Adapt Respected the culture of conquered people and learned from them Islamic Religion Turkish Language All Mongols gave allegiance to the Kahn but locally became self-reliant an developed independent domains
Timur Lenk Devout Muslim, hoped to spread Islam to new nations United Turkish-Mongols by conquest and extended rule over much of the Middle East Defeats the Ottoman Empire
China Following collapse of Han dynasty, rival groups fight for control
Tang Dynasty 618 AD peasant uprisings allow Li Yuan to take control and establish Tang Dynasty
Government Tia Cong warrior and shrewd administrator, restores governments and implements the Civil Service tradition Gave land to farmers and enforced peace enable them to experiment with new strains of rice and better ways to grow it.
Civil Service Government officials had to pass civil service exam which tested their mastery of the Confucian principles ie. Obey emperor as a son would obey a father
Meritocracy Where people were promoted based on talent and performance Allowed all males to take exams Most poor people couldn t afford tutors to prepare them for the exams
Foreign Influences Devoted resources to construction of roads and water ways Made travel within China and neighboring countries easier Easier for gov t officials to complete duties Merchant trade increases
Silk Road
Silk Road Camel caravans brought Chinese goods and ideas to other cultures and returned with new products and ideas Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam
The Arts Xuanzang welcomed artists to court Arts flourished porcelain, and a fine translucent pottery became known as China
Block Printing Developed a form of block printing Carved into wood, inked & pressed to paper Encyclopedias, dictionaries, and histories of China
Block Printing
Tang Decline Turkish armies revolted against China, cut off trade routes and ended the thriving exchange along the Silk Road Due to military weakness the Tang Dynasty ends
Song Dynasty Military General Zhao Kuangyin seizes throne Kept peace with the Mongols by paying them in Silver
Cultural Contributions More firmly entrenched Civil service system Wealthy elite group rises and becomes known as Mandarins
Rich and Poor Economic growth because Song rulers used tax revenues to fund public works like irrigation canals New crops like tea, faster growing rice Urban centers prosper
Arts and Sciences Landscape painting reached peak Perfected the compass Produced gun powder Bamboo tube rockets Mongols were able to obtain military tactic secrets and use it against them defeating the dynasty
Yuan Dynasty Mongols establish power with Kublai Khan (grandson of Genghis)
Kublai Khan Extends the borders to Korea and Southeast Asia Complied with some Chinese traditions but tries to keep Mongolian culture Highest positions in gov t went to Mongols and gov t documents written in Mandarin
Marco Polo One of the most notable visitors to Kublai Khan s court Stayed for 17 years Wrote about his adventures and Europeans loved reading about them
Mongol Peace and Decline Travels in China improves Obtain glass, hides, clothes, silver, cotton, carpets Weak ruler Chinese stage rebellion Buddhist monk leads army against Mongols
Chapter 14, Section 3 Open your books to page 351 to complete Section 3 Worksheet, this worksheet will go in your binder as notes You will also complete the Vocab Worksheet over Chapter 14
Korea Yi Dynasty- Opens schools to teach Chinese classic to civil service candidates Eldest son in each family had a duty to serve parents until their death
King Sejong Bronze instruments to measure rainfall (oldest rainfall totals in the world) Simplified writing to spread literacy Japan tries to capture Korea but fails due to ironclad warships
Japan
Japan Less than 20% of land was suitable for farming Got most of food from sea Offers natural protection Area of earthquakes, typhoons, floods, and volcanic eruptions
Creation Myth
Izanami and Izanagi Formed the islands Created the sun goddess and storm and moon god as her companions Storm god has bad temper and scares the sun god into hiding Tempted out and gods banish storm god to earth
Sun Goddess Grandson Sends grandson to govern people of Japan Gives him Jewel, Mirror and sword to prove he was divinely sent Each emperor since then has claimed to be a descendant until Hirohito
Chinese Influences Great Change made all land the emperors not clan leaders, clan leaders could oversee peasants but couldn t assign land or collect taxes Never accepted Civil Service Exams Buddhism, Chinese Art, Medicine, astronomy, philosophy, Chinese writing
Heian Period or Kyoto Pursuit of beauty Devoted hours each day to writing letters in poetry form Calligraphy believed a persons hand writing was an indicator of their character One could fall in love by seeing beautiful handwriting
Decline of Heian Period Government breaks down because of neglect and loses control 2 Families fight for control and the way of the warrior emerges
Way of the Warrior Yoritomo Minamoto becomes shogun (general) and is delegated most real political and military power Samurai landowning warriors Daimyo most powerful landowning warriors Fought on horseback with bow & arrow and steel sword
Samurai Followed Bushido way of the warrior bravery, self-disciplined, and loyal Demanded samurais suffer and defend honor, if they were defeated or dishonored they were expected to commit suicide
Growth of Merchant Class Each region begins specializing in goods and such as pottery, paper, textiles, and lacquerware Trade Increases
Religion and Art Buddhism new variation taught about a personal afterlife and the way to achieve it was trust in Buddha Influence of Nuns, priests, and monks decline Zen develops focusing on bodily discipline and mediation