LESSONS REVIEW ISLAMIC STUDY LEVEL 3 Source: Weekend Learning Series Islamic Studies LEVEL 4 CHAPTER 1 REWARDS FROM ALLAH 1. Allah always give rewards on every single good deed. 2. Sometimes the rewards are not right away given, so we have to be patient, or to have Sabr, because Allah knows the best time to reward us. 3. Allah accepted the dua of Prophet Ibrahim and his son, Prophet Ismail by making the city of Makkah become the center of Hajj. Ka bah is known from more the 14 centuries as the place to worship Allah. Allah made Ka bah as the Qiblah, or direction in which we pray. 4. Some rewards are given in the Hereafter, when we are back to life after death. Allah will make us alive again to face Judgement. The good people will go to Jannah/Heaven, it is a place where you can have anything that please you. We all must work hard to get this rewards. Once we are in Jannah, we will stay there forever. 5. We all want to get rewards from Allah. We can earn them by obeying Allah and His Messenger, do Shalah 5 times a day, read Quran, gives sadaqa, be good to our parents, family and friends, speak the truth, help other people and many other good things. CHAPTER 2 DISCIPLINE OF ALLAH 1. Beside giving rewards, Allah also try to make us a good person by disciplining us. Allah try to correct our mistakes because Allah love us. The purpose of the discipline is so that we can obey rules or behave properly. 2. Al-Quran gives us rules that we have to follow so we can be succesfull in this worldly life and in the hereafter (after we death and come back alive again). 3. Some examples of how Allah give discipline are written in the Quran : - The Children of Israel were disciplined again and again for their wrondoings. - The people of Prophet Nuh keep worshipping statue and did not obey their messenger. After a lot of warnings from Allah, finally they were destroyed with a massive flood. - The people of Prophet Lut did not listen to their messenger and did not correct their sinful lives, so Allah disciplined them with an earthquake and terrible fire. - The people of Quraish in Makkah were disciplined by having famine for several years because they tortured the Muslim and made their lives miserable in Makkah. 4. We get disciplined because we do harm things to our soul and our community. If you think you do something bad, recite this du a from the Quran : 5. Allah always send warning before He displined us.
6. We can not tell which event is discipline and which one is a test. Allah says He will test all believers with fear, hunger, death, loss of earning and so forth. (Quran Surah Al-Baqarah Ayah 255) CHAPTER 5 PRE-ISLAMIC ARABIA 1. Before Prophet Muhammad SAW preached Islam, the condition in Arabia practiced many bad things and believed in many false ideas. They worshipped idols and mean to women and poor people. Islam changed all the bad practices and false beliefs. This condition is called the condition of ignorance or Jahiliyah. 2. The Arabs still believe Allah is the Al-Mighty, supreme God but they also believe in idol gods. They believe that the gods have power to give them happiness, rainfall, children, wealth etc. They also believe in astrology, (a study about stars and planets which are thought to have influence on human affairs and natural events) and superstitious (a false belief in unnatural things). They treated women worse than animal, and they did not to have a baby girl, it is a sign of evil or unlucky. The rich people oppressed poor and powerless people. 3. After Al-Quran was revealed, things began to change. People began to accept Islam and they realized that many things did not make any sense. Islam teach us to only worship Allah, the only God. Nothing has more power than Him. Islam doesn t differentiate the rights of men and women, young and old, rich and poor people. Everyone is equal in front of Allah. CHAPTER 6 THE YEAR OF THE ELEPHANT 1. The year of 570 C.E. is called the year of Elephant because on that year, an army of elephant came to Makkah to attach Kabah. The army was under the leader of Abrahah, the governor of Yemen. He was jealous of Kabah being visited by many people. He built a marvelous and astonishing worship place in Yemen so people can visit it instead of Kabah. But Kabah has a long history back to Prophet Ibrahim and Prophet Ismail, so people didn t want to visit the other worship places. That is why Abrahah wants to destroy it. 2. When Abrahah arrived in Makkah, he captured many of camels that belongs to the Quraish (people of Makkah). The Quraish s leader at that time was Abdul Muttalib, the grandfather of Prophet Muhammad SAW. He asked Abrahah to return his camel, because he was the master of the camel, and he responsible to take care of them. Kabah also has a Master too, which is Allah, who would take care of it. 3. Nobody defend the Kabah because they are sure that Allah will protect it by Himself. When the elephant army was about to destroy the Kabah, many strange things happened. Some kind of disease spread among the troop before they could destroy the Kabah. The elephant refused to get closer to the Kabah. Then many birds came out of nowhere and pelted rocks upon the army so the entire army became disoriented and die. This incident is mentioned in the Quran, in Surah Al-Feel. 4. Not long after this incident happened, the grandson of Abdul Muttalib was born, which is Prophet Muhammad SAW.
CHAPTER 7 EARLY LIFE OF MUHAMMAD SAW 1. Prophet Muhammad s father was Abdullah, and his mother was Aminah. Right after their marriage, his father went to Syria for trading. On the return journey to Makkah, his father died. His mother was already pregnant with him, so Muhammad was born without having any chance to see his own father. 2. It is the custom of the people in big cities in Arabia, that every newborn babies are nursed by a nursing mother from country side. The reason behind this is because they will have better language and healthy condition if the babies were nursed in country side. 3. Baby Muhammad also taken by a nursing mother named Halimah. After she took baby Muhammad to her village, her life was changed. She and her family received many blessing in their life. Their goat become fat and had many babies, they had food for many days, and many things were much better. They were so thankful of having baby Muhammad in their family. 4. Two years later, Halimah returned Muhammad to his biological mother, but there was a widespread disease at that time in Makkah, so his mother bring him back to Halimah for another few years. At this second time of nursery, a strange thing happened. Two white-clothed men (which were angels in disguise), came to toddler Muhammad, splitting open his chest and cleasing his heart. This incident was based on surah Inshirah ayah 1. 5. At age of 5, toddler Muhammad returned to Aminah. But after one year living together with his biological mother, Aminah passed away. Muhammad was then taken cared by his grandfather, Abdul Muttalib. But he didn t have a chance to live with him for long time. When Muhammad was bout 8 years old. His grandfather died. He was then taken care by his uncle, Abu Talib. CHAPTER 8 LIFE BEFORE BECOMING A NABI 1. Abu Talib, who became the guardian of little Muhammad, was also the leader of the Quraish tribe, one of the biggest and the most noble tribe in Makkah. He often traveled to Syria and Yemen for trading. Sometimes he took Muhammad with him. In on of their trip to Syria, they met a Christian monk named Bahirah. He recognized that the boy would be a nabi one day. 2. In Makkah, everybody love young Muhammad, because of his good character. People called him Al-Amin, which means trustworthy because he never tell a lie and everybody trust him. 3. When Muhammad was about 15 years old, a war broke. It is called Fijar War. He was participated in this war as the boy who collecting arrows. 4. When Muhammad was a young man, a rich widow named Khadijah hired him because to conduct her business and sent him to Syria. When he returned to Makkah, Khadijah was very impressed of his trustworthy character. She asked Muhammad to marry her. Then they got married and had several children. All of their son died during childhood, but all their daughters were survived ( Zainab, Ummu Kultsum, Ruqayyah and Fatimah ).
5. There was also a young slave in their family named Zaid ibn Harith. Even he was a slave, Muhammad loved him like his own son and treated him well. 6. When Muhammad was about 25 years old, Quraish tribe decided to rebuild Ka bah. A problem arose when the famous Black Stone was about to placed to its proper location. Each clan wanted the honor of placing the Black Stone. Muhammad solved this problem in unique way. He told them that each member of the clan should hold the cloth, lift it, and carry the Black Stone to the wall of the Kabah. They follow what Muhammad said because he is the trustworthy one. 7. Young Muhammad never worshipped idols even his uncle and all his tribe did. He never went to a social gathering where people drink alcohol and undressed. He felt very bad to see the people of Makkah were so greedy, corrupt and ignorant. They treated the poor and women very bad. They worshipped stone idols which could not do anything. 8. Muhammad wanted to find the truth. He wondered who created the sun, the moon and the stars. So he went to a cave named Hira, in a mountain near Makkah, he spent a long time there to concentrate and think about the truth. 9. Muhammad SAW ( Sallallahu alaihi wassalam ) became a Nabi (messenger of Allah) at 40 years old. He was meditating in the cave while an angel (named Jibril ) appeared before him. The angel brought a divine revelation. The first revelation is Quran Surah Al-Alaq ayat 1-5. CHAPTER 13 ABU BAKR r.a (THE FIRST KHALIFAH) 1. Abu Bakr r.a ( radiallahu anhu ) was born into the Quraish tribe. He was the first man to accept Islam. He was a lifelong partner and a good friend of Muhammad SAW. 2. He was a rich person. He used his wealth to help those who become Muslim, to free slaves and to help Prophet Muhammad SAW in war. He was fondly named as As-Siddiq or the honest one. 3. When Muhammad Rasulullah SAW migrated to Madinah, Abu Bakr r.a accompanied him. They hid inside a cave named Thawr, while the Quraish searched for them. This incident was mentioned in the Quran surah At-Taubah ayah 40. 4. Abu Bakr R.a had two daughters, Asma and Aishah. Prophet Muhammad SAW married with Aishah. 5. Rasulullah SAW liked him for his kindness and pure heart. When Rasulullah was laying in his death bed, he asked Abu Bakr r.a to lead the prayer. Shortly after Rasulullah SAW died, the companions apoointed Abu Bakr r.a as the next leader, called as Khalifah, or Khulafa e Rashidun (Rightly Guided Khalifahs). 6. He became Khalifah for two years, and then he passed away. He was buried next to Rasulullah SAW. CHAPTER 14 UMAR AL-KHATTAB R.A. 1. Little Umar liked to read and write. He also learned horse riding, sword fighting and wrestling. He also drink wine as a custom of Arab people at that time. But after he became Muslim, he didn t do it anymore.
2. Umar Al-Khattab r.a. was an outspoken, fearless and determined person. When Rasulullah SAW receieved his first revelation from Allah, Umar did not believe it. He still worshipped the stone idols. 3. Six years after Muhammad preached Islam, Umar decided to kill Muhammad because he hate Muhammad s teaching. But before that, someone told him that his own sister had become Muslime. He became more angry and decided to kill his sister. At his sister s house, he heard Quran recitation ( Surah Thaha ayat 1-8 ). His heart became soft and wanted to hear and know more about what they are reading. He immediately accepted Islam. 4. Umar was known as Al-Farouq, which means the one who separates truth from falsehood. After accepted Islam, Umar became one of the main advisers to Rasulullah SAW. 5. Umar had a daughter named Hafsa r.a. Prophet Muhammad married her. 6. After Abu Bakr r.a. passed away, Umar became the next Khalifah and ruled for ten years. During his rule, Umar continued to expand the Muslim Empire. He defeated the two major powers at that time: the Persians and the Romans. CHAPTER 17 HUD ALAIHISSALAM Struggle to Guide Mankind 1. Prophet Hud A.S. was born several generations after Prophet Nuh A.S. He lived and worked in city of Iram, in the region called Hadramouth (also known in the present day as Yemen). He belonged to the civilization known as Ad people. The Quran mentioned that the people of Ad were successful, powerful and could built houses and tall structures on the mountains. They lived in the stone-age period, when metals were unknown. 2. The people of Ad were smart people, but their wealthy and intelliigent made them proud. They began to ignore the need to worship Allah SWT and create new gods to worship. 3. Allah sent Prophet Hud A.S. as a messenger to guide them, but the didn t want to listen to Prophet Hud A.S. Hud tried to make his people understand that it is useless to worship other God than Allah. Instead, his people did not understand him why they should worship a God that they can not even see. 4. Hud warned his people that they should ask for forgiveness from Allah and repent to Him, but the people of Ad did not listen. Hud told them if they still did not listen to his advice, Allah might punish them. They did not care and challenged Hud to bring punishment upon them. Finally Allah destroyed the people of Ad with a fierce hurricane. CHAPTER 18 SALIH ALAIHISSALAM Struggle to Guide Mankind 1. Like the people of Ad, the people of Thamud were successful and prosperous at that time. They could build tall building and carve out beautiful homes in the mountains. And they also ignore the Prophet and worshipped idols. Thamud tribe lived in Madyan region.
2. Allah sent Prophet Salih A.S. to the Thamud tribe. He was a member of the own community. They did not believe Salih was a messenger of Allah. They demanded if Salih was speaking the trut, he should give them a sign from God. Salih brought them a female camel as a sign. The people were not happy with this sign. They hate the camel and continued to worship the idols. They hurt the camel until she died. 3. After the camel was killed, Salih told the people of Thamud that their punishment would come within three days, but the pople laughed and challenged Salih to bring on the punishment immediately. Finally the people of Thamud were destroyed by a severe earthquake. Everyone died and their homes were leveled to dust. CHAPTER 21 PREPARATION FOR SALAT 1. Salat need two preparations, the internal or mental preparation and external preparation (making wudlu). The mental preparation is very important because Salat is worshipping your Lord. You are going to speak to your Creator during Salat. The external preparation is also important because you can t meet your Lord in the dirty condition. You have to purify yourself before Salat. 2. The purification/wudlu involves the obligatory and complimentary actions. The compulsory acts are: wash the whole face, both hands up to elbows, wipe the head and wash the feet up to the ankle. All these actions are required to do only one time. 3. The complimentary acts includes: make intentions, saying bismillah, brush the teeth, rinse the mouth, cleanse the nostril, wipe the inner ears, start with right side then left side, no talk during wudlu and do all the wudlu steps in three times. 4. The Quran provides an alternative practice of wudlu. In the absence of water or during travel or if someone is sick, it is allowed to perform Tayammum or Dry Ablution. The steps of tayammum are very simple: make intention, wipe the whole face with hands that have touched cleand and dry dust/earth, wipe both hands from the tips of the fingers to the elbows. 5. Ghusl, an Islamic terminology, means to take a bath by washing one s whole body. The steps are: make intention, gargle, sinse and clease the nostrils, and washt he entire body thoroughly. 6. Salat has to be done after the prayer call or Adhan. The person who performed the Adhan is called the Mu adhdhin. Adhan reminds believers that it is time for salah. An Iqamah is a call similar to Adhan, but it is made right before the salah started. CHAPTER 22 THE REQUIREMENTS OF SALAT 1. Salat is the second pillar of Islam, it is very important duties for all Muslims. On the day of Judgement, every body will be asked whether they fulfilled their salat or not. 2. Conditions before salat: make intention in your heart and make sure that the clothes, the body and the place where we sujud, are clean. We are not allowed to perform salat in the restroom. We also have to cover our body in the proper manner. Salat is
perfomed after appointed time, usually it is marked as the Adhan, and it has to facing the Kiblah direction. 3. Some movement that are compulsory in salat: say Takbir (Allahu Akbar) while raising your hands parallel to your ears, Stand upright for the salah (Qiyam), recite Al-Fatihah in each rak ah. Make ruku (bend down and grasp the knees), make two sujud (prostate on the floor twice). Sit on your knees in the last rak ah. Say Assalamulaikum warahmatullah (the salutation by turning the head first to the right then to the left). 4. The rest of movement are Sunnah (not obligatory but It is recommended to do so, because Prophet Muhammad did the whole things). CHAPTER 23 MUBTILAT-US-SALAT (Things that Invalidate Salat) 1. One of the requirement of salat is the purification or making wudlu. If the wudlu is invalid, the salat is also invalid. Things that can break the wudlu and make it invalid: passing gas, using the bathroom and falling asleep. If you did one of this, you have to perform your wudlu again. 2. Things that can make your salat become invalid: speaking, making unnecessary movement, eating or drinking, missing the compulsory movement of salat, laughing, showing awrah (part of the body that has to be covered), facing wrong direction, men and women standing side by side (except little kids). CHAPTER 25 HADITH COMPILER 1. Ahadith is everything that Rasulullah SAW said, and Sunnah is everything that Rasulullah SAW did when he was alive. 2. Many Muslim did meet Rasulullah SAW directly, so they know him only from what was written about him. Ahadith was written not long after Rasulullah SAW died by some compilers of hadith. 3. Some important compilers that we have to know are: Imam Bukhari, Imam Muslim, Imam Abu Dawud, Imam Tirmidhi, Imam Ahmad and Imam Ibn Majah. 4. The transmission of hadith through a chain of many narrators is called the Isnad. The content of the hadith itself is the text of the hadith, is called Matn. CHAPTER 27 THE DAY OF JUDGMENT 1. There is a time when everyone is this world will die, the whole universe will be destroyed into dust. That is when the first blow of Angel Israil s trumpet was conducted. When the second blow was performed, all human (from the beginning of this universe was created, until it is destroyed), will come back to alive again. This is called Yawm al-qiyamah ( the resurrection day, it means come back to life after death). Then they will go through some process until they reach two final and eternal destination: The Heaven (Jannah) and The Hellfire (The Jahannam). 2. The first process is the Day of Judgement or yawm al-hisab. On this day, Allah will reward or punish all people based on what they did during their life. Those performed good deeds in this life will go to Jannah, and those who did bad things during their life and never asked for forgiveness from Allah, will go to the Jahannam. That is why during
our life, there are always 2 Angels who write all of our good deeds, one angel on our right side is writing our good deeds, and the angel on our left side is writing our bad deeds. The book in which with all our deeds are written, will be given to Allah and Allah will judge us in a very fairly manner. We tried our best to do good deeds in this life so we can go to Jannah.