Babylonian Talmud 36a Shemuel said, "Lechem Oni" Bread that for which one provides many answers (onim alav)

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(תשע "ג - (2013 Story - The Telling of the מגיד - This is the bread of affliction ה א ל ח מ א ע נ י א 1) In what language(s) is the text on the right written? Is it all in the same language? If not, where is the shift? Why? ה א ל ח מ א ע נ י א ד י א כ ל ו א ב ה ת נ א This is the bread of affliction that our ancestors ate in the land of Egypt. All who are hungry, let them come and eat, whoever is in need, let him come and do Pesach! This year, here, next year in the land of Israel. This year slaves; next year- free people! ב א ר ע א ד מ צ ר י ם. כ ל ד כ פ ין י ית י ו י כ ול, כ ל ד צ ר יך י ית י ו י פ ס ח. ה ש ת א ה כ א, ל ש נ ה ה ב א ה ב א ר ע א ד י ש ר א ל. ה ש ת א ע ב ד י, ל ש נ ה ה ב א ה ב נ י ח ור ין: Deuteronomy 16:1-4 Observe the spring month and offer the passover sacrifice to the Lord your God, for it was in the spring month that the Lord your God freed you from Egypt at night. You shall slaughter the passover sacrifice for the Lord your God, from the flock and the herd, in the place where the Lord will choose to establish His name. You shall not eat anything leavened with it; for seven days thereafter you shall eat Matzot, poor bread, for you departed from the land of Egypt hurriedly, so that you may remember the day of your departure from the land of Egypt all the days of your life. For seven days no leaven shall be found with you in all your territory, and none of the flesh of what you slaughter on the evening of the first day shall be left until morning. ספר דברים טז:א-ג ש מ ור א ת ח ד ש ה א ב יב ו ע ש ית פ ס ח ל יקו ק א ל ק יך כ י ב ח ד ש ה א ב יב ה וצ יא ך י קו ק א ל ק יך מ מ צ ר י ם ל י ל ה ו ז ב ח ת פ ס ח ל יקו ק א ל ק יך צ אן וב ק ר ב מ ק ום א ש ר י ב ח ר י קו ק ל ש כ ן ש מ ו ש ם ל א ת אכ ל ע ל יו ח מ ץ ש ב ע ת י מ ים ת אכ ל ע ל יו מ צ ות ל ח ם ע נ י כ י ב ח פ ז ון י צ את מ א ר ץ מ צ ר י ם ל מ ע ן ת ז כ ר א ת י ום צ את ך מ א ר ץ מ צ ר י ם כ ל י מ י ח י יך ו ל א י ר א ה ל ך ש א ר ב כ ל ג ב ל ך ש ב ע ת י מ ים ו ל א י ל ין מ ן ה ב ש ר א ש ר ת ז ב ח ב ע ר ב ב י ום ה ר א ש ון ל ב ק ר Exodus 12:39 And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough that they had taken out of Egypt, for it was not leavened, since they had been driven out of Egypt and could not delay; nor had they prepared any provisions for themselves. ספר שמות יב :לט ו י אפ ו א ת ה ב צ ק א ש ר ה וצ יא ו מ מ צ ר י ם ע ג ת מ צ ות כ י ל א ח מ ץ כ י ג ר ש ו מ מ צ ר י ם ו ל א י כ ל ו ל ה ת מ ה מ ה ו ג ם צ ד ה ל א ע ש ו ל ה ם Where did the children of Israel eat Matza for the first time? Were they still in Egypt as it appears from Deuteronomy? If so, what does Matza represent? What experience is it that we are meant to remember by eating the Matza? Or were they already freed as seems to be the case from Exodus? If so, what does Matza represent? What experience is it that we are meant to remember by eating the Matza??[ה א ל ח מ א [ in Why does the Seder begin with Deuteronomy's version of Matza Luke 22:19 Then he [Jesus] took a loaf of bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke it and gave it to them, saying, This is my body, which is given for you. Do this in remembrance of me. Babylonian Talmud 36a Shemuel said, "Lechem Oni" Bread that for which one provides many answers (onim alav) תלמוד בבלי פסחים דף לו ע"א אמר שמואל: לחם עני - לחם שעונין עליו דברים הרבה.

2) How do we tell the story? What is different in the following parallel texts? Which do we follow? Babylonian Talmud בבלי פסחים קטז ע"א Tosefta תוספתא פסחא י:יא תנו רבנן: חכם בנו - שואלו, ואם אינו חכם - אשתו שואלתו. ואם לאו - הוא שואל לעצמו. ואפילו שני תלמידי חכמים שיודעין בהלכות הפסח - שואלין זה לזה: מה נשתנה הלילה הזה מכל הלילות... חייב אדם לעסוק בהלכות הפסח כל הלילה אפלו בינו לבין בנו אפלו בינו לבין עצמו אפלו בינו לבין תלמידו If his child is wise, he asks him. And if he is not a sage, One is obligated to engage in the study of his wife asks him. And if not, he asks himself. And even two disciples of the sages that know the laws of Pesach, they ask each other: What makes this night the laws of Pesah all night, even between him and his child, even by himself and even between him and his disciple. different from all [other] nights? 3) Three versions of the 4 questions Mishnah Pessachim 10:4 (*MS*) They fill a second cup for him. At this point the child questions the parent. If the child lacks wisdom, the parent teaches him how different this night is in comparison to all [other] nights. On all nights we need not dip even once, but on this night we do so twice! On all nights we eat bread or matzah, but on this night only matzah. On all nights we eat all different kinds of meat, roasted, stewed, or grilled, but on this night, roasted only! AND ACCORDING TO THE CHILD'S SKILLS HIS PARENT IN- STRUCTS HIM. ONE COM- MENCES WITH "SHAME" AND CONCLUDES WITH PRAISE; AND EXPOUNDS FROM My father was a wandering Aramean UNTIL HE COMPLETES THE WHOLE PARAGRAPH. Mishnah Pessachim 10:4 (*Print*) They fill a second cup for him. At this point the child questions the parent. If the child lacks wisdom, the parent teaches him how different this night is in comparison to all [other] nights! On all nights we eat bread or matzah, but on this night only matzah. On all nights we eat any kind of vegetables, but on this night, a bitter herb! On all nights we eat all different kinds of meat, roasted, stewed, or grilled, but on this night, roasted only! On all nights we dip only once, but on this night we do so twice! AND ACCORDING TO THE CHILD'S SKILLS HIS PARENT IN- STRUCTS HIM. ONE COM- MENCES WITH "SHAME" AND CONCLUDES WITH PRAISE; AND EXPOUNDS FROM My father was a wandering Aramean UNTIL HE COMPLETES THE WHOLE PARAGRAPH. The Haggadah How different this night is in comparison to all [other] nights! On all nights we eat bread or matzah, but on this night only matzah. On all nights we eat any kind of vegetables, but on this night, a bitter herb! On all nights we need not dip even once, but on this night we do so twice! On all nights we eat sitting upright or reclining, but on this night we all recline!

Babylonian Talmud Pessachim 115b Rabbi Simi the son of Ashi said: unleavened bread must be set before all. Bitter herbs must be set before all. Charoset must be set before all. But we remove the table only from before the one who recites the Haggadah. Rav Huna said: All these too are set only before the one who recites the Haggadah. And the law is in accordance Rav Huna. Why do we remove the table? The School of Rabbi Yannai said: So that the children may perceive and enquire. Abaye was sitting before Rabbah, and saw the tray moved from in front him. He asked, "We haven't even eaten yet! and they have already removed the tray from before us?" Rabbah said to him, "You have exempted from describing how different..." בבלי פסחים קטו ע"ב אמר רב שימי בר אשי: מצה לפני כל אחד ואחד, מרור לפני כל אחד ואחד, וחרוסת לפני כל אחד ואחד, ואין עוקרין את השלחן אלא לפני מי שאומר הגדה. רב הונא אומר: כולהו נמי לפני מי שאומר הגדה. והלכתא כרב הונא. למה עוקרין את השולחן? אמרי דבי רבי ינאי: כדי שיכירו תינוקות וישאלו. אביי הוה יתיב קמיה דרבה, חזא דקא מדלי תכא מקמיה. אמר להו: עדיין לא קא אכלינן, אתו קא מעקרי תכא מיקמן? אמר ליה רבה: פטרתן מלומר מה נשתנה. Babylonian Talmud - Pessachim 116a HE COMMENCES WITH SHAME AND CONCLUDES WITH PRAISE. What is WITH SHAME? Rav said: "originally our ancestors were idolaters"; while Samuel said: "We were slaves..." תלמוד בבלי מסכת פסחים דף קטז ע"א מתחיל בגנות ומסיים בשבח מאי בגנות? רב אמר: מתחלה עובדי עבודת גלולים היו אבותינו. ושמואל אמר: עבדים היינו. Does the text below fulfill the requirement? Whose opinion does it follow? Whose perspective is embodied? ע ב ד ים ה י ינ ו ל פ ר ע ה ב מ צ ר י ם. ו י וצ יא נ ו We were slaves to Pharaoh in Egypt, and the Lord, our י י א ל ק ינ ו מ ש ם, ב י ד ח ז ק ה וב ז ר וע God, took us out from there with a strong hand and with an outstretched arm. If the Blessed Holy One had not נ ט וי ה, ו א ל ו ל א ה וצ יא ה ק ד ו ש ב ר וך ה וא taken our ancestors out of Egypt, then we, our children א ת-א ב ות ינ ו מ מ צ ר י ם, ה ר י א נ ו וב נ ינ ו and our children's children would have remained enslaved to Pharaoh in Egypt. Even if all of us were wise, וב נ י ב נ ינ ו, מ ש ע ב ד ים ה י ינ ו ל פ ר ע ה ב מ צ ר י ם. ו א פ יל ו כ ל נ ו ח כ מ ים, כ ל נ ו all of us understanding, all of us knowing the Torah, we נ ב ונ ים, כ ל נ ו ז ק נ ים, כ ל נ ו י וד ע ים א ת- would still be obligated to discuss the exodus from ה ת ור ה, מ צ ו ה ע ל ינ ו ל ס פ ר ב יצ יא ת Egypt; and everyone who discusses the exodus from Egypt at length is praiseworthy. מ צ ר י ם. ו כ ל ה מ ר ב ה ל ס פ ר ב יצ יא ת מ צ ר י ם, ה ר י ז ה מ ש ב ח: Does the text below fulfill the requirement? Whose opinion does it follow? Whose perspective is embodied? In the beginning our ancestors served idols; but now the Omnipresent One has brought us close to His service, as it is said [in Joshua 24: 2-4]: "Joshua said to all the people: Thus said the Lord, the God of Israel, 'Your ancestors used to live on the other side of the river - Terach, the father of Abraham and the father of Nachor, and they served other gods. "And I took your father Abraham from beyond the river, and I led him throughout the whole land of Canaan. I increased his seed and gave him Isaac, and to Isaac I gave Jacob and Esau. To Esau I gave Mount Seir to possess it, and Jacob and his sons went down to Egypt." מ ת ח ל ה ע וב ד י ע ב וד ה ז ר ה ה י ו א ב ות ינ ו. ו ע כ ש ו ק ר ב נ ו ה מ ק ום ל ע ב וד ת ו. ש נ א מ ר: ו י אמ ר י ה ו ש ע א ל- כ ל-ה ע ם. כ ה א מ ר י י א ל ק י י ש ר א ל, ב ע ב ר ה נ ה ר י ש ב ו א ב ות יכ ם מ ע ול ם, ת ר ח א ב י א ב ר ה ם ו א ב י נ ח ור. ו י ע ב ד ו א ל ה ים א ח ר ים: ו א ק ח א ת- א ב יכ ם א ת-א ב ר ה ם מ ע ב ר ה נ ה ר, ו א ול ך א ות ו ב כ ל-א ר ץ כ נ ע ן. ו א ר ב ה א ת-ז ר ע ו, ו א ת ן ל ו א ת-י צ ח ק: ו א ת ן ל י צ ח ק א ת- י ע ק ב ו א ת-ע ש ו. ו א ת ן ל ע ש ו א ת-ה ר ש ע יר, ל ר ש ת א ות ו. ו י ע ק ב וב נ יו י ר ד ו מ צ ר י ם:

6) The Answer continued: The Haggadah It happened that Rabbi Eliezer, Rabbi Yehoshua, Rabbi Elazar ben Azaryah, Rabbi Akiva and Rabbi Tarphon were reclining [at a seder] in B'nei Berak. They were discussing the exodus from Egypt all night long, until their students came and told them: "Yo Masters! The time has come for saying the Shema (part of Deuteronomy 6, recited at dawn & dusk)!" Rabbi Eleazar ben Azaryah said: "I am like seventy years old, yet I did not merit [to prove] that the exodus from Egypt must be recalled at night-until Ben Zoma explained it: "It is said, 'That you may remember the day you left Egypt all the days of your life;' now 'the days of your life' refers to the days, [and the additional word] 'all' indicates the inclusion of the nights!" The sages, however, said: "'The days of your life' refers to the present-day world; and 'all' indicates the inclusion of the days of the Messianic redemption." הגדה של פסח מ ע ש ה ב ר ב י א ל יע ז ר, ו ר ב י י ה ו ש ע, ו ר ב י א ל ע ז ר ב ן-ע ז ר י ה, ו ר ב י ע ק יב א, ו ר ב י ט ר פ ון, ש ה י ו מ ס ב ין ב ב נ י-ב ר ק, ו ה י ו מ ס פ ר ים ב יצ יא ת מ צ ר י ם, כ ל-א ות ו ה ל י ל ה, ע ד ש ב א ו ת ל מ יד יה ם ו א מ ר ו ל ה ם: ר ב ות ינ ו, ה ג יע ז מ ן ק ר יא ת ש מ ע, ש ל ש ח ר ית: א מ ר ר ב י א ל ע ז ר ב ן-ע ז ר י ה. ה ר י א נ י כ ב ן ש ב ע ים ש נ ה, ו ל א ז כ ית י ש ת א מ ר י צ יא ת מ צ ר י ם ב ל יל ות. ע ד ש ד ר ש ה ב ן ז ומ א. ש נ א מ ר: ל מ ע ן ת ז כ ר א ת י ום צ את ך מ א ר ץ מ צ ר י ם כ ל י מ י ח י יך. י מ י ח י יך - ה י מ ים. כ ל י מ י ח י יך - ה ל יל ות. ו ח כ מ ים א ומ ר ים: י מ י ח י יך - ה ע ול ם ה ז ה. כ ל י מ י ח י יך - ל ה ב יא ל ימ ות ה מ ש יח : 7) The 4 Children: Exodus 12:26-27 ו ה י ה כ י י אמ ר ו א ל יכ ם ב נ יכ ם מ ה ה ע ב ד ה ה ז את ל כ ם ו א מ ר ת ם ז ב ח פ ס ח ה וא ל יקו ק א ש ר פ ס ח ע ל ב ת י ב נ י י ש ר א ל ב מ צ ר י ם ב נ ג פ ו א ת מ צ ר י ם ו א ת ב ת ינ ו ה צ יל ו י ק ד ה ע ם ו י ש ת ח ו ו And it shall come to pass, when your children shall say to you, What do you mean by this service? That you shall say, It is the sacrifice of the Lord s Passover Exodus 13:8 ו ה ג ד ת ל ב נ ך ב י ום ה ה וא ל אמ ר ב ע ב ור ז ה ע ש ה י קו ק ל י ב צ את י מ מ צ ר י ם And you shall tell your son in that day, saying, This is done because of that which the Lord did to me when I came forth out of Egypt. Exodus 13:14 ו ה י ה כ י י ש א ל ך ב נ ך מ ח ר ל אמ ר מ ה ז את ו א מ ר ת א ל יו ב ח ז ק י ד ה וצ יא נ ו י קו ק מ מ צ ר י ם מ ב ית ע ב ד ים And it shall be when your child asks you in time to come, saying, What is this? that you shall say to him, By strength of hand the Lord brought us out from Egypt, from the house of slavery. Deuteronomy 6:20 כ י י ש א ל ך ב נ ך מ ח ר ל אמ ר מ ה ה ע ד ת ו ה ח ק ים ו ה מ ש פ ט ים א ש ר צ ו ה י קו ק א ל ק ינ ו א ת כ ם (אותנו) And when your child asks you in time to come, saying, What do the testimonies, and the statutes, and the judgments, mean, which the Lord our God has commanded you (or "us" as in the Septuagent & Vulgate)? Then you shall say to your son, We were Pharaoh s slaves in Egypt; and the Lord brought us out of Egypt with a mighty hand; --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----- Draw [imaginary] lines from the children of the הגדה to their verses (if you can...)! חכם (Wise) Exodus 12:26-27 רשע (Contrarian) Exodus 13:8 תם (טיפש) (unsophisticated) [stupid] Exodus 13:14 אינו יודע לשאול (Doesn't know how to ask) Deuteronomy 6:20

ב ר וך ה מ ק ום. ב ר וך ה וא. ב ר וך ש נ ת ן ת ור ה ל ע מ ו Blessed is the Omnipresent One, blessed be י ש ר א ל. ב ר וך ה וא כ נ ג ד א ר ב ע ה ב נ ים ד ב ר ה He! Blessed is He who gave the Torah to His people Israel, blessed be He! The Torah speaks ת ור ה. א ח ד ח כ ם, ו א ח ד ר ש ע, ו א ח ד ת ם, ו א ח ד ש א ינ ו י וד ע ל ש א ול: of four children: One is wise, one is wicked, one is simple and one does not know how to ask. ח כ ם מ ה ה וא א ומ ר? מ ה ה ע ד ת ו ה ח ק ים The wise one, what does he say? "What are the ו ה מ ש פ ט ים, א ש ר צ ו ה י י א ל ה ינ ו א ת כ ם (נ"א testimonies, the statutes and the laws which the אותנו)? ו א ף א ת ה א מ ר-ל ו כ ה ל כ ות ה פ ס ח: א ין 'us')?" Lord, our G-d, has commanded you (or You, in turn, shall instruct him in the laws of מ פ ט יר ין א ח ר ה פ ס ח א פ יק ומ ן: Passover, [up to] `one is not to eat any dessert after the Passover-lamb.' ר ש ע מ ה ה וא א ומ ר? מ ה ה ע ב ד ה ה ז את ל כ ם? The wicked one, what does he say? "What is ל כ ם ול א ל ו. ול פ י ש ה וצ יא א ת-ע צ מ ו מ ן ה כ ל ל, this service to you?!" He says `to you,' but not to כ פ ר ב ע ק ר. ו א ף א ת ה ה ק ה ה א ת- ש נ יו, ו א מ ר-ל ו: him! By thus excluding himself from the community he has denied that which is ב ע ב ור ז ה, ע ש ה י י ל י, ב צ את י מ מ צ ר י ם, ל י ו ל א- fundamental. You, therefore, blunt his teeth and ל ו. א ל ו ה י ה ש ם, ל א ה י ה נ ג א ל: say to him: "It is because of this that the Lord did for me when I left Egypt"; `for me' - but not for him! If he had been there, he would not have been redeemed!" ת ם מ ה ה וא א ומ ר? מ ה ז את? ו א מ ר ת א ל יו: ב ח ז ק י ד ה וצ יא נ ו י י מ מ צ ר י ם מ ב ית ע ב ד ים: The simpleton, what does he say? "What is this?" Thus you shall say to him: "With a strong hand the Lord took us out of Egypt, from the house of slaves." ו ש א ינ ו י וד ע ל ש א ול, א ת פ ת ח ל ו. ש נ א מ ר: ו ה ג ד ת ל ב נ ך, ב י ום ה ה וא ל אמ ר: ב ע ב ור ז ה ע ש ה י י ל י, ask, As for the one who does not know how to you must initiate him, as it is said: "You shall tell ב צ את י מ מ צ ר י ם: your child on that day, `It is because of this that the Lord did for me when I left Egypt.'" 8) The Answer (continued:) Mishnah Pessachim 10:4 משנה פסחים י:ד According to the intelligence of the son, his father instructs him. He begins with shame and concludes with praise, and expounds from my father ולפי דעתו של בן אביו מלמדו מתחיל בגנות ומסיים בשבח ודורש מארמי אובד אבי עד שיגמור כל was a wandering Aramean (Deuteronomy 26:5) until the end of the הפרשה כולה: whole section. The Haggadah Go forth and learn what Lavan the Aramean wanted to do to our father Jacob. Pharaoh had issued a decree against the male children only, but Lavan wanted to kill everyone as it is said: "The Aramean wished to destroy my father (Deuteronomy 26:5); and he went down to Egypt and sojourned there, few in number; and he became there a nation - great and mighty and numerous." Midrash Tanaim to Deuteronomy 26:5 My father was a wandering aramean. [this means that] Lavan the Aramean wanted to kill my father. This teaches that Jacob our ancestor went to Mesopotamia to be removed from the world, and Lavan is accredited as if he had [in fact] done so. הגדה של פסח צ א ול מ ד, מ ה ב ק ש ל ב ן ה א ר מ י ל ע ש ות ל י ע ק ב א ב ינ ו. ש פ ר ע ה ל א ג ז ר א ל א ע ל ה ז כ ר ים, ו ל ב ן ב ק ש ל ע ק ר א ת-ה כ ל, ש נ א מ ר: א ר מ י א ב ד א ב י, ו י ר ד מ צ ר י מ ה, ו י ג ר ש ם ב מ ת י מ ע ט.ו י ה י ש ם ל ג וי ג ד ול, ע צ ום ו ר ב: מדרש תנאים לדברים כו:ה ארמי אבד אבי לבן הארמי בקש לאבד את אבא מלמד שלא הלך אבינו יעקב לארם אלא על מנת לאבד מן העולם ומעלה על לבן הארמי כאילו אבדו:

Deuteronomy 26:1-10 1 When you enter the land that the Lord your God is giving you as a heritage, and you possess it and settle in it, 2 you shall take some of every first fruit of the soil, which you harvest from the land that the Lord your God is giving you, put it in a basket and go to the place where the Lord your God will choose to establish His name. 3 You shall go to the priest in charge at that time and say to him, "I acknowledge this day before the Lord your God that I have entered the land that the Lord swore to our fathers to assign us." 4 The priest shall take the basket from your hand and set it down in front of the altar of the Lord your God. 5 You shall then recite as follows before the Lord your God: "My father was a wandering Aramean. He went down to Egypt with meager numbers and sojourned there; but there he became a great and very populous nation. 6 The Egyptians dealt harshly with us and oppressed us; they imposed heavy labor upon us. 7 We cried to the Lord, the God of our fathers, and the Lord heard our plea and saw our plight, our misery, and our oppression. 8 The Lord freed us from Egypt by a mighty hand, by an outstretched arm and awesome power, and by signs and portents. 9 He brought us to this place and gave us this land, a land flowing with milk and honey. 10 Wherefore I now bring the first fruits of the soil which You, O Lord, have given me." You shall leave it before the Lord your God and bow low before the Lord your God. 11 And you shall enjoy, together with the Levite and the stranger in your midst, all the bounty that the Lord your God has bestowed upon you and your household. The " declaration regarding the first fruits" Deuteronomy: Chapter 26: 1-10 ו ה י ה כ י ת ב וא א ל ה א ר ץ א ש ר י קו ק א ל ק יך נ ת ן ל ך נ ח ל ה ו יר ש ת ה ו י ש ב ת ב ה ו ל ק ח ת מ ר א ש ית כ ל פ ר י ה א ד מ ה א ש ר ת ב יא מ א ר צ ך א ש ר י קו ק א ל ק יך נ ת ן ל ך ו ש מ ת ב ט נ א ו ה ל כ ת א ל ה מ ק ום א ש ר י ב ח ר י קו ק א ל ק יך ל ש כ ן ש מ ו ש ם וב את א ל ה כ ה ן א ש ר י ה י ה ב י מ ים ה ה ם ו א מ ר ת א ל יו ה ג ד ת י ה י ום ל יקו ק א ל ק יך כ י ב את י א ל ה א ר ץ א ש ר נ ש ב ע י קו ק ל א ב ת ינ ו ל ת ת ל נ ו ו ל ק ח ה כ ה ן ה ט נ א מ י ד ך ו ה נ יח ו ל פ נ י מ ז ב ח י קו ק א ל ק יך ו ע נ ית ו א מ ר ת ל פ נ י י קו ק א ל ק יך א ר מ י א ב ד א ב י ו י ר ד מ צ ר י מ ה ו י ג ר ש ם ב מ ת י מ ע ט ו י ה י ש ם ל ג וי ג ד ול ע צ ום ו ר ב ו י ר ע ו א ת נ ו ה מ צ ר ים ו י ע נ ונ ו ו י ת נ ו ע ל ינ ו ע ב ד ה ק ש ה ו נ צ ע ק א ל י קו ק א ל ק י א ב ת ינ ו ו י ש מ ע י קו ק א ת ק ל נ ו ו י ר א א ת ע נ י נ ו ו א ת ע מ ל נ ו ו א ת ל ח צ נ ו ו י וצ א נ ו י קו ק מ מ צ ר י ם ב י ד ח ז ק ה וב ז ר ע נ ט וי ה וב מ ר א ג ד ל וב א ת ות וב מ פ ת ים ו י ב א נ ו א ל ה מ ק ום ה ז ה ו י ת ן ל נ ו א ת ה א ר ץ ה ז את א ר ץ ז ב ת ח ל ב וד ב ש ו ע ת ה ה נ ה ה ב את י א ת ר א ש ית פ ר י ה א ד מ ה א ש ר נ ת ת ה ל י י קו ק ו ה נ ח ת ו ל פ נ י י קו ק א ל ק יך ו ה ש ת ח ו ית ל פ נ י י קו ק א ל ק יך ו ש מ ח ת ב כ ל ה ט וב א ש ר נ ת ן ל ך י קו ק א ל ק יך ול ב ית ך א ת ה ו ה ל ו י ו ה ג ר א ש ר ב ק ר ב ך The Book of Exodus is the obvious locus for the story of leaving Egypt. Why should we use this section from Deuteronomy instead? הסיפור בא מ"מקרא בכורים" שחייב לומר בלשון הקודש (ולכן היה ידוע ברוב העם) גוף שלישי נגד גוף ראשון (בכל דור ודור חייב אדם לראות את עצמו כאילו יצא ממצראים) הוא קצר, ולכן ראוי לדרוש (להגדיל תורה ולהדירה) Mishnah- Tractate Sotah- 7:1-2 The following may be said in any language:... the confession made when presenting the Tithe, The Shema, the "Standing Prayer," the grace after eating, the oath concerning testimony, and the oath concerning a deposit But the the following must be said in Hebrew: The declaration regarding the first fruits, the text of Halitzah, The "Blessing and curses," The priestly blessing... משנה מסכת סוטה פרק ז: א-ב אלו נאמרין בכל לשון פרשת סוטה ווידוי מעשר קריאת שמע ותפלה וברכת המזון ושבועת העדות ושבועת הפקדון: ואלו נאמרין בלשון הקודש מקרא בכורים וחליצה ברכות וקללות ברכת כהנים...

09) The Answer concluded Rabban Gamliel used to say: Whoever does not discuss the following three things on Passover has not fulfilled his duty, namely: Pesach, Matzah, & Maror (the bitter herbs). Pesach - the Passover-lamb that our fathers ate during the time of the temple. Why? Because God "passed over" (Pasach) our ancestors' houses in Egypt, as it is written [in Exodus 12:26]: And you shall say: It is a Passover-offering to the Lord, because He passed over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt when He struck the Egyptians with a plague, and He saved our houses. And the people bowed and prostrated themselves. Matzah, why? Because the dough of our ancestors did not have time to rise before the King of the kings of kings, the blessed Holy One, revealed Himself to them and redeemed them, as it is written [in Exodus 12:39]: They baked Matzah-cakes from the dough that they had brought out of Egypt, because it was not leavened; for they had been driven out of Egypt and could not delay, and they had also not prepared any [other] provisions. ר ב ן ג מ ל יא ל ה י ה א ומ ר: כ ל ש ל א א מ ר ש ל ש ה ד ב ר ים א ל ו ב פ ס ח, ל א י צ א י ד י ח וב ת ו, ו א ל ו ה ן: פ ס ח. מ צ ה. ומ ר ור: פ ס ח ש ה י ו א ב ות ינ ו א וכ ל ים, ב ז מ ן ש ב ית ה מ ק ד ש ה י ה ק י ם, ע ל ש ום מ ה? ע ל ש ום ש פ ס ח ה ק ד ו ש ב ר וך ה וא, ע ל ב ת י א ב ות ינ ו ב מ צ ר י ם, ש נ א מ ר: ו א מ ר ת ם ז ב ח פ ס ח ה וא ל י י, א ש ר פ ס ח ע ל ב ת י ב נ י י ש ר א ל ב מ צ ר י ם, ב נ ג פ ו א ת-מ צ ר י ם ו א ת- ב ת ינ ו ה צ יל, ו י ק ד ה ע ם ו י ש ת ח ו ו. מ צ ה ז ו ש א נ ו א וכ ל ים, ע ל ש ום מ ה? ע ל ש ום ש ל א ה ס פ יק ב צ ק ם ש ל א ב ות ינ ו ל ה ח מ יץ, ע ד ש נ ג ל ה ע ל יה ם מ ל ך מ ל כ י ה מ ל כ ים, ה ק ד ו ש ב ר וך ה וא, וג א ל ם, ש נ א מ ר: ו י אפ ו א ת-ה ב צ ק, א ש ר ה וצ יא ו מ מ צ ר י ם, ע ג ת מ צ ות, כ י ל א ח מ ץ: כ י ג ר ש ו מ מ צ ר י ם, ו ל א י כ ל ו ל ה ת מ ה מ ה, ו ג ם צ ד ה ל א ע ש ו ל ה ם. Maror why? Because the Egyptians embittered our fathers' lives in Egypt, as it written in [Exodus 1:14]: They made their lives bitter with hard service, with mortar and with bricks, and with all manner of service in the field; all their service which they made them serve with rigor. In every generation all are obligated to see 1 themselves as if they had come out of Egypt, as it is written: "You shall tell your child on that day, it is because of this that the Lord did for me when I left Egypt." The Holy One, blessed be He, redeemed not only our ancestors from Egypt, but redeemed also us with them, as it is said: "It was us that He brought us out from there, so that He might bring us to give us the land that He swore to our ancestors." מ ר ור ז ה ש א נ ו א וכ ל ים, ע ל ש ום מ ה? ע ל ש ום ש מ ר ר ו ה מ צ ר ים א ת-ח י י א ב ות ינ ו ב מ צ ר י ם, ש נ א מ ר: ו י מ ר ר ו א ת-ח י יה ם ב ע ב ד ה ק ש ה, ב ח מ ר וב ל ב נ ים, וב כ ל-ע ב ד ה ב ש ד ה: א ת כ ל- ע ב ד ת ם, א ש ר ע ב ד ו ב ה ם ב פ ר ך. 2 ב כ ל- ד ור ו ד ור ח י ב א ד ם ל ר א ות א ת- ע צ מ ו, כ א ל ו ה וא י צ א מ מ צ ר י ם, ש נ א מ ר: ו ה ג ד ת ל ב נ ך ב י ום ה ה וא ל אמ ר: ב ע ב ור ז ה ע ש ה י י ל י, ב צ את י מ מ צ ר י ם. ל א א ת-א ב ות ינ ו ב ל ב ד, ג א ל ה ק ד ו ש ב ר וך ה וא, א ל א א ף א ות נ ו ג א ל ע מ ה ם, ש נ א מ ר: ו א ות נ ו ה וצ יא מ ש ם, ל מ ע ן ה ב יא א ת נ ו, ל ת ת ל נ ו א ת-ה א ר ץ א ש ר נ ש ב ע ל א ב ת ינ ו. 1. Maimonides' version reads, "appear to" 2. בנוסחתו של הרמב"ם ז"ל: להראות

10) A different meal, but is it a "seder?" Babylonian Talmud - Sanhedrin 43a On the eve of the Passover Jesus of Nazareth was hanged. For forty days before the execution took place, a herald went forth and cried, "He is going forth to be stoned because he has practiced sorcery and enticed Israel to apostasy. Any one who can say anything in his favor, let him come forward and plead on his behalf." But since nothing was brought forward in his favor he was hanged on the eve of the Passover. Mark 14.22-26 While they were eating, בבלי סנהדרין מג ע"א והתניא: בערב הפסח תלאוהו לישו הנוצרי, והכרוז יוצא לפניו ארבעים יום: ישו הנוצרי יוצא ליסקל על שכישף והסית והדיח את ישראל, כל מי שיודע לו זכות יבוא וילמד עליו. ולא מצאו לו זכות ותלאוהו בערב הפסח. The "last supper" in the synoptic gospels Matthew 26.26-30 Luke 22.14-24 While they were eating, When the hour came, he took his place at the table, and the apostles with him. He said to them, I have eagerly desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer; for I tell you, I will not eat it until it is fulfilled in the kingdom of God. he took a loaf of bread, and after blessing it he broke it, gave it to them, and said, Take; this is my body. Jesus took a loaf of bread, and after blessing it he broke it, gave it to the disciples, and said, Take, eat; this is my body. Then he took a cup, and after giving thanks he said, Take this and divide it among yourselves; for I tell you that from now on I will not drink of the fruit of the vine until the kingdom of God comes. Then he took a loaf of bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke it and gave it to them, saying, This is my body, which is given for you. Do this in remembrance of me. Then he took a cup, and after giving thanks he gave it to them, and all of them drank from it. He said to them, This is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many. Truly I tell you, I will never again drink of the fruit of the vine until that day when I drink it new in the kingdom of God. When they had sung the hymn, they went out to the Mount of Olives. Then he took a cup, and after giving thanks he gave it to them, saying, Drink from it, all of you; for this is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins. I tell you, I will never again drink of this fruit of the vine until that day when I drink it new with you in my Father s kingdom. When they had sung the hymn, they went out to the Mount of Olives. And he did the same with the cup after supper, saying, This cup that is poured out for you is the new covenant in my blood. John 19:31-36 Since it was the day of Preparation, the Jews did not want the bodies left on the cross during the sabbath, especially because that sabbath was a day of great solemnity. So they asked Pilate to have the legs of the crucified men broken and the bodies removed. Then the soldiers came and broke the legs of the first and of the other who had been crucified with him. But when they came to Jesus and saw that he was already dead, they did not break his legs. Instead, one of the soldiers pierced his side with a spear, and at once blood and water came out. (He who saw this has testified so that you also may believe. His testimony is true, and he knows that he tells the truth.) These things occurred so that the scripture might be fulfilled, None of his bones shall be broken. Exodus 12:43-49 It shall be eaten in one house: you shall not take any of the flesh outside the house; nor shall you break a bone of it. ספר שמות יב:מג-מט ב ב י ת א ח ד י א כ ל ל א ת וצ יא מ ן ה ב י ת מ ן ה ב ש ר ח וצ ה ו ע צ ם ל א ת ש ב ר ו ב ו