Profiles in Character

BaptistWay Adult Bible Study Guide Profiles in Character From the Exodus Through the Return from Exile Dianne Swaim Don Raney Robert Prince Aubrey Knox Vivian Conrad

Profiles in Character: From the Exodus Through the Return from Exile BaptistWay Adult Bible Study Guide Copyright 2011 by BAPTISTWAY PRESS. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations. For information, contact BAPTISTWAY PRESS, Baptist General Convention of Texas, 333 North Washington, Dallas, TX 75246 1798. BAPTISTWAY PRESS is registered in U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Scripture marked nrsv is taken from the New Revised Standard Version Bible, copyright 1989, Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved. Unless otherwise indicated, all Scripture quotations in Introducing Profiles in Character: From the Exodus Through the Return from Exile and in lessons 1 4 are from the New Revised Standard Version Bible. Scripture marked nasb is taken from the 1995 update of the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission. Unless otherwise indicated, all Scripture quotations in lessons 5 8 are from the New American Standard Bible. Scripture marked niv is taken from The Holy Bible, New International Version (North American Edition), copyright 1973, 1978, 1984 by the International Bible Society. Used by permission of Zondervan Publishing House. Unless otherwise indicated, all Scripture quotations in lessons 9 15 are from the New International Version. BAPTISTWAY PRESS Leadership Team Associate Executive Director, Baptist General Convention of Texas: Steve Vernon Director, Education/Discipleship Center: Chris Liebrum Director, Bible Study/Discipleship Team: Phil Miller Publisher, BAPTISTWAY PRESS : Ross West Cover and Interior Design and Production: Desktop Miracles, Inc. Printing: Data Reproductions Corporation First edition: May 2011 ISBN 13: 978 1 934731 70 3

How to Make the Best Use of This Issue Whether you re the teacher or a student 1. Start early in the week before your class meets. 2. Overview the study. Review the table of contents and read the study introduction. Try to see how each lesson relates to the overall study. 3. Use your Bible to read and consider prayerfully the Scripture passages for the lesson. (You ll see that each writer has chosen a favorite translation for the lessons in this issue. You re free to use the Bible translation you prefer and compare it with the translation chosen for that unit, of course.) 4. After reading all the Scripture passages in your Bible, then read the writer s comments. The comments are intended to be an aid to your study of the Bible. 5. Read the small articles sidebars in each lesson. They are intended to provide additional, enrichment information and inspiration and to encourage thought and application. 6. Try to answer for yourself the questions included in each lesson. They re intended to encourage further thought and application, and they can also be used in the class session itself. If you re the teacher A. Do all of the things just mentioned, of course. As you begin the study with your class, be sure to find a way to help your class know the date on which each lesson will be studied. You might do this in one or more of the following ways: In the first session of the study, briefly overview the study by identifying with your class the date on which each lesson will be studied. Lead your class to write the date in the table of contents on page 9 and on the first page of each lesson. 3

4 Profiles in Character Make and post a chart that indicates the date on which each lesson will be studied. If all of your class has e-mail, send them an e-mail with the dates the lessons will be studied. Provide a bookmark with the lesson dates. You may want to include information about your church and then use the bookmark as an outreach tool, too. A model for a bookmark can be downloaded from www.baptistwaypress.org on the Resources for Adults page. Develop a sticker with the lesson dates, and place it on the table of contents or on the back cover. B. Get a copy of the Teaching Guide, a companion piece to this Study Guide. The Teaching Guide contains additional Bible comments plus two teaching plans. The teaching plans in the Teaching Guide are intended to provide practical, easy-to-use teaching suggestions that will work in your class. C. After you ve studied the Bible passage, the lesson comments, and other material, use the teaching suggestions in the Teaching Guide to help you develop your plan for leading your class in studying each lesson. D. Teaching resource items for use as handouts are available free at www.baptistwaypress.org. E. You may want to get the additional adult Bible study comments Adult Online Bible Commentary by Dr. Jim Denison (president, The Center for Informed Faith, and theologian-in-residence, Baptist General Convention of Texas). Call 1 866 249 1799 or e-mail baptistway@texasbaptists.org to order Adult Online Bible Commentary. It is available only in electronic format (PDF) from our website. The price of these comments is $6 for individuals and $25 for a group of five. A church or class that participates in our advance order program for free shipping can receive Adult Online Bible Commentary free. Call 1 866 249 1799 or see www.baptistwaypress.org to purchase or for information on participating in our free shipping program for the next study. F. Additional teaching plans are also available in electronic format (PDF) by calling 1 866 249 1799. The price of these additional

How to Make the Best Use of This Issue 5 teaching plans is $5 for an individual and $20 for a group of five. A church or class that participates in our advance order program for free shipping can receive Adult Online Teaching Plans free. Call 1 866 249 1799 or see www.baptistwaypress.org for information on participating in our free shipping program for the next study. G. You also may want to get the enrichment teaching help that is provided on the internet by the Baptist Standard at www.baptiststandard.com. (Other class participants may find this information helpful, too.) Call 214 630 4571 to begin your subscription to the printed or electronic edition of the Baptist Standard. H. Enjoy leading your class in discovering the meaning of the Scripture passages and in applying these passages to their lives.

Writers of This Study Guide Dianne Swaim, writer of lessons one through four, lives with her husband Gordon and son David in North Little Rock, Arkansas. She is a member of Second Baptist Church in Little Rock. She coordinates the chaplaincy department as the Spiritual Care Manager of Arkansas Hospice. She also serves as a chaplain for the Veterans Administration, which gives her a special opportunity to minister to veterans. She is a graduate of Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary (M.Div.), Fort Worth, Texas. Together she and Gordon have three children and nine grandchildren. Don Raney wrote lessons five through eight. Dr. Raney is pastor of First Baptist Church, Petersburg, Texas. He is a graduate of the University of Alabama (B.A.) and received his Ph.D. in Old Testament from Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary. Robert Prince, writer of lessons nine through eleven, serves as senior pastor of First Baptist Church, Waynesville, North Carolina. A native of Georgia, Dr. Prince has also served in pastorates in that state and in Texas. He has also served as an adjunct instructor at Southwestern and New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminaries, and at Wayland Baptist University. He earned his B.A. degree from Baylor University, and his M.Div. and Ph.D. degrees from Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary. Aubrey Knox wrote lessons twelve and thirteen. He is minister of education and administration for First Baptist Church, Lufkin, Texas. After graduating with a B.A. from Houston Baptist College, Aubrey received his M.Div. from Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary. He has served churches in Ganado, Missouri City, Houston, and Livingston, all in Texas. He is married to Janice, and they have two grown children, Kevin Knox and Julie Johnson, who live in the Austin area. Aubrey enjoys golf and officiates Texas high school football. 7

8 Profiles in Character Vivian Conrad is the writer of lessons fourteen and fifteen in this Study Guide and of the teaching plans for these two lessons in the Teaching Guide. She and her husband recently moved back to the United States after twenty-four years overseas, during the last eleven of which she taught Bible at Faith Academy, an international school in the Philippines for children of missionaries. Vivian holds the degrees of Bachelor of Arts in Christian Education from Dallas Baptist University and the Master of Arts in Theology from Southwestern Seminary. She teaches Sunday School and is Discipleship Director at First Baptist Church, Mineral Wells, Texas.

Profiles in Character: From the Exodus Through the Return from Exile How to Make the Best Use of This Issue 3 Writers for This Study Guide 7 Introducing Profiles in Character: From the Exodus Through the Return from Exile 11 Chart: Profiles in Character: Personalities in the Old Testament from the Exodus Through the Return from Exile 14 Date of Study Lesson 1 Women at Moses Birth: Taking Action to Help Children Exodus 1:15 2:10 17 Lesson 2 Moses: Seeking Good for Undeserving People Exodus 32:7 14, 30 34 25 Lesson 3 Caleb: Showing Courageous Faith Numbers 13:25 14:10a 35 Lesson 4 The Sisterhood: Challenging Unfairness Numbers 27:1 11 45 Lesson 5 Joshua: Leading in Following God Joshua 24:1 3a, 13 27 55 Lesson 6 Deborah: Exercising Strong Leadership Judges 4:1 16; 5:1 7 65 Lesson 7 Samuel: Being Faithful to the Highest Allegiance 1 Samuel 12:1 5, 13 25 75 Lesson 8 David and Nathan: Accepting Personal Responsibility for Sin 2 Samuel 11:2 15; 12:1 13a 83 9

10 Profiles in Character Lesson 9 Amos: Facing Opposition Courageously Amos 1:1 2; 2:6 16; 7:10 17 93 Lesson 10 Micaiah: Telling the Hard Truth 1 Kings 22:6 28 103 Lesson 11 Huldah: Interpreting and Proclaiming God s Message 2 Chronicles 34:19 31 113 Lesson 12 Jeremiah: Being Faithful in the Depths of Despair Jeremiah 20:7 18; 26:1 15 123 Lesson 13 Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego: Giving Unlimited Devotion to God Daniel 3 133 Lesson 14 Esther: Taking the Ultimate Risk Esther 4:1 16 143 Lesson 15 Nehemiah: Standing Up for People Nehemiah 2:1 5; 5:1 13 153 Our Next New Study 163 Additional Future Adult Bible Studies 164 How to Order More Bible Study Materials 165

Introducing Profiles in Character: From the Exodus Through the Return from Exile We learn much about life and how to live it through knowing people. People who provide examples both good and bad help us to put flesh and blood on principles and teachings. We often decide to travel the road to the highest and best in life not simply because an idea or ideal seems desirable but because we have seen someone we respect follow that road, too. This is so from our earliest days of life, and it continues in adulthood. People are a never-ending source of learning. Even the truths of the Christian faith can seem dry, abstract, and hazy until we see them lived out, even though imperfectly, in real live human beings. Personalities in the Bible The Bible is a rich source of biographical information about how real live human beings have lived out their faith. A recent BaptistWay Bible study on Genesis called Genesis: People Relating to God focused on seven richly varied personalities in that book. 1 Now, in this study, we continue the journey through the Old Testament by considering what additional biblical personalities have to teach us. 2 Some of these Old Testament personalities you likely have heard of and learned from previously. There s a good chance, though, that some of them have been skipped over in your study of the Bible and you ve missed the insights their lives offer. It s time to learn about them and from them. 11

12 Profiles in Character An Additional Purpose This study of Old Testament personalities serves an additional purpose. These personalities are studied in chronological order through the Old Testament, from the Exodus through the return from Exile, a period of roughly 1,000 years. The intent is to set each lesson in the context of its era in Old Testament history and so help to provide a way for you to get a firmer grasp on the main events of the Old Testament and how selected biblical personalities fit into the sweep of Old Testament history. Of course, each lesson can stand on its own, but the study will be richer if you will become conscious of where each personality fits within the Old Testament context. To provide further help in visualizing the entire study, a chart called Profiles in Character: Personalities in the Old Testament from the Exodus Through the Return from Exile is provided in this Study Guide on pages 14 15. Selecting the Personalities for Study The BaptistWay publishing schedule provided an opportunity to have fifteen lessons in this study. Many Old Testament personalities could have been studied, and you might well arrive at a different list of fifteen from the list in this study. Here are some of the factors in the choices of these fifteen lessons: (1) (2) (3) Study people whose lives offer significant teachings to us Study at least one person from each Old Testament era Study the personalities in chronological order (4) Study some characters who are less familiar and tend to be overlooked but who illuminate life perhaps in out-of-theordinary ways and thus have much to teach us (5) Select people who can provide a variety of learnings (6) Select characters who have not been studied recently (So, for example, because of the recent study in Genesis, no characters from Genesis were selected.)

Introducing Profiles in Character 13 Profiles in Character: From the Exodus Through the Return from Exile Lesson 1 Women at Moses Birth: Taking Exodus 1:15 2:10 Action to Help Children Lesson 2 Moses: Seeking Good for Undeserving People Exodus 32:7 14, 30 34 Lesson 3 Caleb: Showing Courageous Faith Numbers 13:25 14:10a Lesson 4 The Sisterhood: Challenging Unfairness Numbers 27:1 11 Lesson 5 Joshua: Leading in Following God Joshua 24:1 3a, 13 27 Lesson 6 Deborah: Exercising Strong Judges 4:1 16; 5:1 7 Leadership Lesson 7 Samuel: Being Faithful to the 1 Samuel 12:1 5, 13 25 Highest Allegiance Lesson 8 David and Nathan: Accepting 2 Samuel 11:2 15; 12:1 13a Personal Responsibility for Sin Lesson 9 Amos: Facing Opposition Courageously Amos 1:1 2; 2:6 16; 7:10 17 Lesson 10 Micaiah: Telling the Hard Truth 1 Kings 22:6 28 Lesson 11 Huldah: Interpreting and 2 Chronicles 34:19 31 Proclaiming God s Message Lesson 12 Jeremiah: Being Faithful in the Jeremiah 20:7 18; 26:1 15 Depths of Despair Lesson 13 Shadrach, Meshach, and Daniel 3 Abednego: Giving Unlimited Devotion to God Lesson 14 Esther: Taking the Ultimate Risk Esther 4:1 16 Lesson 15 Nehemiah: Standing Up for People Nehemiah 2:1 5; 5:1 13 Notes 1. The Book of Genesis: People Relating to God (Dallas, Texas: BaptistWay Press, 2010). For information and to order, see www.baptistwaypress.org, or call 1 866 249 1799. 2. Unless otherwise indicated, all Scripture quotations in Introducing Profiles in Character: From the Exodus Through the Exile are from the New Revised Standard Version.

14 Profiles in Character Profiles in Character: Personalities in the Old Testament from the Exodus Through the Return from Exile 1 I. Creation and Early Records II. The Patriarchs III. The Exodus IV. Wandering in the Wilderness and Entering the Promised Land V. The Judges prior to about 1750 b.c. about 1750-1350 b.c. about 1350 1250 b.c. about 1300 1200 b.c. about 1200 1020 b.c. Book: Book: Books: Books: Books: Genesis 1 11 Genesis 12 50 Exodus Leviticus Numbers 1 12 Numbers 13 36 Deuteronomy Joshua Judges Ruth 1 Samuel 1 12 People: People: People: People: People: Adam Eve Cain Abel Noah Abraham Sarah Lot Isaac Rebekah Jacob Leah Women at Moses Birth (Lesson 1) Moses (Lesson 2) Aaron Caleb (Lesson 3) The Sisterhood (Lesson 4) Rahab Joshua (Lesson 5) Deborah, Barak (Lesson 6) Gideon Samson Ruth Hannah Samuel (Lesson 7) Rachel Joseph

Introducing Profiles in Character 15 VI. The Kingdom VII. The Divided Kingdom VIII. Only Judah IX. The Exile X. Return from Exile 1020 922 b.c. 922 721 b.c. 721 587 b.c. 597 539 b.c. 539 333 b.c. Books: Books: Books: Books: Books: 1 Samuel 12 31 2 Samuel 1 Kings 1 12 1 Chronicles 10 2 Chronicles 9 1 Kings 12 22; 2 Kings 1 17 Amos Hosea Isaiah 1 39 2 Chronicles 10 28 2 Kings 17 25 Isaiah 1 39 Micah Jeremiah Zephaniah Nahum Habakkuk 2 Chronicles 29 36 Ezekiel Isaiah 40 66 Obadiah 2 Chronicles 36 Ezra Haggai Zechariah Nehemiah Malachi 2 Chronicles 36 People: People: People: People: People: Saul Jonathan David, Bathsheba, Nathan (Lesson 8) Solomon Kings of Israel and Judah 922 721 b.c. Elijah Elisha Amos (Lesson 9) Micaiah (Lesson 10) Hosea Isaiah Kings of Judah 721 587 b.c. Micah Hezekiah Josiah Huldah (Lesson 11) Jeremiah (Lesson 12) Ezekiel Daniel Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego (Lesson 13) Esther (Lesson 14) Ezra Nehemiah (Lesson 15) Haggai Malachi Notes 1. Bold type indicates people in lessons in this study.

Focal Text Exodus 1:15 2:10 Background Exodus 1:1 2:10 Main Idea Women acted boldly and courageously to overcome the pharaoh s evil plans and help children, including a special child. Question to Explore What will you do to help children? Lesson One Women at Moses Birth: Taking Action to Help Children Study Aim To summarize the ways in which the women at Moses birth acted to help children and to identify ways I will take action to help children Quick Read God used not one but five women to save both a generation of children and one special child, Moses. 17

18 Profiles in Character An old African proverb that has become well-known states, It takes a village to raise a child. The origin of this proverb is not certain, but we can find the concept as far back as Egypt in the second millennium when five women followed God s leadership and risked their lives to save Hebrew children. Two of these women were instrumental in saving perhaps thousands of babies. The other three worked together to save the life of one. All of them took part in God s plan to raise this one child into a man who would lead God s people out of Egypt, through the wilderness, and into the Promised Land. His name was Moses. Exodus 1:15 22 15 The king of Egypt said to the Hebrew midwives, whose names were Shiphrah and Puah, 16 When you help the Hebrew women in childbirth and observe them on the delivery stool, if it is a boy, kill him; but if it is a girl, let her live. 17 The midwives, however, feared God and did not do what the king of Egypt had told them to do; they let the boys live. 18 Then the king of Egypt summoned the midwives and asked them, Why have you done this? Why have you let the boys live? 19 The midwives answered Pharaoh, Hebrew women are not like Egyptian women; they are vigorous and give birth before the midwives arrive. 20 So God was kind to the midwives and the people increased and became even more numerous. 21 And because the midwives feared God, he gave them families of their own. 22 Then Pharaoh gave this order to all his people: Every boy that is born you must throw into the Nile, but let every girl live. Exodus 2:1 10 1 Now a man of the house of Levi married a Levite woman, 2 and she became pregnant and gave birth to a son. When she saw that he was a fine child, she hid him for three months. 3 But when she could hide him no longer, she got a papyrus basket for him and coated it with tar and pitch. Then she placed the child in it and put it among the reeds along the bank of the Nile. 4 His sister stood at a distance to see what would happen to him. 5 Then Pharaoh s

Lesson 1: Women at Moses Birth 19 daughter went down to the Nile to bathe, and her attendants were walking along the river bank. She saw the basket among the reeds and sent her slave girl to get it. 6 She opened it and saw the baby. He was crying, and she felt sorry for him. This is one of the Hebrew babies, she said. 7 Then his sister asked Pharaoh s daughter, Shall I go and get one of the Hebrew women to nurse the baby for you? 8 Yes, go, she answered. And the girl went and got the baby s mother. 9 Pharaoh s daughter said to her, Take this baby and nurse him for me, and I will pay you. So the woman took the baby and nursed him. 10 When the child grew older, she took him to Pharaoh s daughter and he became her son. She named him Moses, saying, I drew him out of the water. A Mandate to Kill (1:15 22) The Book of Exodus opens with Egypt struggling over population growth among the Hebrews: The Israelites were fruitful and prolific; they multiplied and grew exceedingly strong, so that the land was filled with them (Exodus 1:7). 1 The crisis was not one of space or economics. Rather, its political ramifications caused concern. This explosion of Israelites caused Pharaoh to shudder at the thought of possible alliances by the Hebrews with an enemy in case of war. He had to get on top of this problem quickly. Pharaoh s first approach was to wear down the Israelites. He appointed ruthless taskmasters over them. These taskmasters imposed tasks intended to hurt the slaves rather than help the masters. But Pharaoh underestimated the survival instinct and national pride of these Hebrew slaves: The more they were oppressed, the more they multiplied and spread, so that the Egyptians came to dread the Israelites (Exod. 1:12). Pharaoh must have paced the floor at night thinking of a fail-proof plan to repress the growth of his slave populace. His first plan, to inflict pain, failed. His second was to reduce the birthrate of this ever-growing people group through infanticide. Little did he know, however, that he was about to draft two wise and courageous women to be his directors of death.

20 Profiles in Character Midwives in biblical times served as birth doctors. Both Hebrew and Egyptian women alike gave birth on birthstools. Although there were probably different styles, a typical birthstool was composed of two stones on which the Hebrew women knelt to deliver their babies. 2 According to Ezekiel 16:4, a midwife s primary duty was to cut the umbilical cord, wash the infant, rub the baby with salt, and wrap it in cloths. Pharaoh called in two midwives, who probably were the overseers of hundreds of midwives. When one considers the large number of Israelites, having only two midwives would have been unrealistic. Puah and Shiphrah were Hebrew slaves themselves. Imagine how they must have felt when being called to appear before the most powerful man in the ancient world. They may have been nervous about their appearance before him, and they were likely horrified when given their command. Rather than bringing life into the world, they were directed to kill all male Hebrew babies at birth. God intervened in this diabolical plan by placing two God-fearing women in the positions of lead midwives. Their minds must have raced with the realization of how many babies they were being mandated to kill. They knew they could not carry out Pharaoh s orders. Their higher authority was God. Overseeing the killing of babies was not an option. But what were their options? They knew their lives were at risk. Their choice was brilliant. When the news came to Pharaoh that Hebrew baby boys were living, he called in Puah and Shiphrah and demanded an answer. They probably took advantage of a subject of Pharaoh An ancient pharaoh (king) was not only an absolute monarch, but he was also the supreme commander of the armies, chief justice of the royal court, and high priest of the nation s religion. His absolute power may be seen in that justice was defined as what Pharaoh loves and wrongdoing as what Pharaoh hates. 3 Because the dates of the Exodus are uncertain, with scholars holding various positions, so is the identity of the pharaoh of this Scripture passage. Some believe Ramses II was the ruling pharaoh; some believe Amenhotep I or Thutmose III ruled. 4 An interesting note is that the pharaoh remains nameless, while the names of the two ordinary midwives are given to be remembered throughout all history.

Lesson 1: Women at Moses Birth 21 which Pharaoh had neither knowledge nor experience: The midwives said to Pharaoh, because the Hebrew women are not like the Egyptian women; for they are vigorous and give birth before the midwife comes to them (Exod. 1:19). However, the midwives were spared death by Pharaoh and rewarded by God with families of their own. In seeming desperation, Pharaoh then declared the most evil plan of all: Every boy that is born to the Hebrews you shall throw into the Nile, but you shall let every girl live (1:22). Two women had shown remarkable courage. A generation of Israelites had been saved. But two additional courageous women were about to be called into action. A Plan to Save (2:1 4) One might imagine the horror and heartbreak of Puah and Shiphrah upon learning of this desperate plan of Pharaoh. Risking their lives by lying to the king, they had saved hundreds, if not thousands, of baby boys. Now his new plan completely bypassed them. They could only protect the babies at birth. The cries of heartbroken mothers whose newborn sons were thrown into the Nile must have gone with them to their graves. The women s courage had not been in vain, however, for out of this generation of Hebrew babies, God would bring the one who would lead the Israelites out of Egypt. But Pharaoh had erected yet another hurdle that must first be crossed. A devoted and determined mother, along with her daughter, would serve as God s agents in this victory. No name is given for the mother of Moses in these verses, perhaps to emphasize the instincts and character of her motherhood rather than her personhood. In Exodus 6:20 and Numbers 26:59 she is named Jochebed. She came from the lineage of Levi s tribe and had married her brother Kohath s oldest son, Amram. Both of Moses parents came from a priestly tribe, which may be why they both still worshiped God when most Hebrews had defected to the idols of the Egyptians (Ezekiel 20:6 8). Jochebed and Amram had three children: Miriam, Aaron, and Moses. God would use all three for his salvation plan for the Israelites. This is the first time we see the courage of Miriam, but it would not be the last. She would accompany Moses and Aaron through the Exodus and serve as a leader of women in praise and worship of God.

22 Profiles in Character We are not privy to any word from God to Jochebed about her newborn son s future. God certainly had a history of prophesying to fathers or mothers about the upcoming greatness of their sons. Examples include Abraham and Isaac (Genesis 17:19), Rebekah and Jacob (Gen. 25:23), and later Mary and Jesus (Luke 1:28 32). Scripture does say, however, that when she saw that he was a fine baby (Exod. 2:2), she hid him for three months. As with the midwives, her life was on the line should her baby be discovered. Finding it impossible to hide an infant any longer from the prying eyes and ears of the Egyptians, Jochebed crafted a papyrus basket in which to place her son. The same word for basket in this story is the word for ark in the salvation story of Noah. Ironically, she carried out Pharaoh s edict: she cast her baby into the Nile. But as with Noah s family, the ark basket would save her son. Much is left to speculation in this story. We do not know whether Jochebed intended to place Moses where the Pharaoh s daughter came to bathe. She may have intended only to hide him in the bulrushes during the day and return him to her bosom at night. Her plan did not matter as much as God s plan. In God s plan, Moses would be educated in the court of the very pharaoh who originally ordered his death. A Son to Raise (2:5 10) The last character in the miraculous plan to save Moses was a daughter of Pharaoh. Little could Pharaoh s daughter have known what she would discover in her bathing spot that day. First she discovered the basket, perhaps because she heard the muffled cries of a baby emanating from it. She immediately recognized this baby as Hebrew and simultaneously must have realized the desperation of a loving mother. She probably put two and two together when a small girl suddenly appeared and offered to find the services of a nursemaid. Courage begets courage. Perhaps Jochebed s courage inspired the same in this princess. To take a Hebrew child into the very court of this murderous pharaoh would require much courage. Scripture does not tell us much about the transactions between this new adoptive mother and the birth mother. Much respect was required

Lesson 1: Women at Moses Birth 23 Two Models Green Acres Baptist Church in Tyler, Texas, adopted a program, Hope for 100. The goal was to have one hundred children adopted or fostered by church members. Within eighteen months they had exceeded their goal. 5 What variation of such a plan could your church do? Second Baptist Church in Little Rock, Arkansas, has an Adoption/Orphan Care Group. One of their projects is to support the local Department of Human Services as they take in children for home placement. They furnish snacks, toys, and other items to help the children feel comfortable as they wait to be placed. 6 on both sides. The weaning of Moses from his mother would have taken anywhere from two to seven years. By that time, even if Pharaoh saw him, he would likely have ignored the child. Lesson in Today s Life The unborn and children of tender age cannot advocate for themselves. Neither can oppressed children of any age. They must have advocates. All five of these women in Exodus took a stand for life. The midwives had the courage to advocate for unborn children of an entire nation. Jochebed, Miriam, and Pharaoh s daughter advocated for the life of one small baby. Regardless of reasons for personal involvement, these women accepted the challenge. Today we face similar challenges. They may confront us on an individual basis or under the umbrella of social justice. We cannot ignore the children who depend on us. They may belong to us or to an African woman in a small hut in Zimbabwe. They may be owned by a human slave traffic owner. Most importantly, they belong to God. Puah, Shiphrah, Jochebed, Miriam, and Pharaoh s daughter took actions to preserve life. Can we do any less?

24 Profiles in Character Questions 1. Puah and Shiphrah literally outwitted the Pharaoh by what we might call creative disobedience. Is this ever justified? How might this concept be called for today in defending children? 2. What credentials for leading the Israelites out of Egypt do you see Moses had as a result of having both a Hebrew home and an Egyptian home? See Acts 7:17 22. Can you see God s plan unfolding for this child? 3. The midwives and Moses mother and sister had faith in God. Based on her background, Pharaoh s daughter probably did not. How and why would God use believers and unbelievers? How does God do that today? 4. If God convicted you to take one step today toward helping a helpless child (or children), what could you do? Notes 1. Unless otherwise indicated, all Scripture quotations in lessons 1 4 are from the New Revised Standard Version. 2. Walter A. Elwell, Evangelical Commentary on the Bible (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1989), 41. 3. Trent C. Butler, General Editor, Holman Bible Dictionary (Nashville: Holman Bible Publishers, 1991), see Pharaoh. 4. David S. Dockery, General Editor, Holman Bible Handbook (Nashville: Holman Bible Publishers, 1992), 144. 5. www.hopefor100.org. Accessed 1/3/2011. 6. www.2bclr.com. Accessed 1/3/2011.

Focal Text Exodus 32:7 14, 30 34 Background Exodus 32 Main Idea Moses interceded with God for the good of the people even though they did not deserve it. Question to Explore How shall we treat people who don t deserve to be treated well? Lesson Two Moses: Seeking Good for Undeserving People Study Aim To analyze Moses intercession with God for the people and identify actions to take toward people I know Quick Read In Moses absence the Israelites betrayed both him and God. He had the choice to turn away from them or turn to God on their behalf. He chose the latter. 25

26 Profiles in Character Frank killed Mrs. Dais s husband. 1 He didn t mean to. He was crazy on drugs, and the aliens were telling him to get out of the city and kill every living creature. Before the police could get to him he had bludgeoned eight people, killing one. Mrs. Dais s husband died a few months later. Frank was sentenced to thirty years in prison for manslaughter. Just before his transfer from jail to prison, Mrs. Dais paid Frank a visit. She sat before him, and with tears streaming down her face, said, Frank, I want to hate you for what you did. But I m a Christian and everything in my Bible tells me I have to forgive you. I ve prayed for you, but I don t know how anything good could ever come out of this unless God makes you into a minister. With that, she handed him her husband s Bible! Extreme response to an extreme hurt? Absolutely. Did Frank deserve it? Absolutely not. Even as Moses was standing in the presence of the living God, the Israelites were making revelry before a handmade idol. Moses was about to come face-to-face with an ungrateful, depraved, and rebellious group of people, people for whom he had risked his life. Did they deserve an intercession on their behalf? Absolutely not. Would Moses face an angry God on their behalf anyway? Absolutely. Exodus 32:7 14, 30 34 7 Then the Lo r d said to Moses, Go down, because your people, whom you brought up out of Egypt, have become corrupt. 8 They have been quick to turn away from what I commanded them and have made themselves an idol cast in the shape of a calf. They have bowed down to it and sacrificed to it and have said, These are your gods, O Israel, who brought you up out of Egypt. 9 I have seen these people, the Lo r d said to Moses, and they are a stiff-necked people. 10 Now leave me alone so that my anger may burn against them and that I may destroy them. Then I will make you into a great nation. 11 But Moses sought the favor of the Lo r d his God. O Lo r d, he said, why should your anger burn against your people, whom you brought out of Egypt with great power and a mighty hand? 12 Why should the Egyptians say, It was with evil intent that he brought them out, to kill them in the mountains and to wipe them off the face of the earth? Turn from

Lesson 2: Moses 27 your fierce anger; relent and do not bring disaster on your people. 13 Remember your servants Abraham, Isaac and Israel, to whom you swore by your own self: I will make your descendants as numerous as the stars in the sky and I will give your descendants all this land I promised them, and it will be their inheritance forever. 14 Then the Lo r d relented and did not bring on his people the disaster he had threatened. 30 The next day Moses said to the people, You have committed a great sin. But now I will go up to the Lo r d; perhaps I can make atonement for your sin. 31 So Moses went back to the Lor d and said, Oh, what a great sin these people have committed! They have made themselves gods of gold. 32 But now, please forgive their sin but if not, then blot me out of the book you have written. 33 The Lor d replied to Moses, Whoever has sinned against me I will blot out of my book. 34 Now go, lead the people to the place I spoke of, and my angel will go before you. However, when the time comes for me to punish, I will punish them for their sin. The People Without Moses (32:1 6) God and Moses together led the Hebrews out of Egypt and delivered them from slavery. Three months after they left Egypt, they arrived at the wilderness of Sinai (Exodus 19:1). The first time God called Moses up to the mountain, Moses returned to the Hebrews soon thereafter. This time, however, he neither came down nor sent word. As for this Moses, the man who brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we do not know what has become of him (Exod. 32:1). As far as they knew, he either had died or abandoned them. The Israelites had never been totally dedicated to God. While they said they were, even in Egypt many of them adopted the gods of their slave masters. Time after time they turned against Moses. They complained

28 Profiles in Character in Egypt, and they complained in the wilderness (Deuteronomy 9:7). Aaron and Hur, though, had stood strong in the past for Moses (Exod. 17:12 13). No doubt Moses felt safe leaving the people in their hands while he was on the mountain. Instead, he unknowingly left them in a leadership vacuum. Many, if not most, scholars believe the golden calf that came out was originally intended to represent Yahweh. The calf image symbolized deity in the Near East. Years later, after the death of Solomon, the Israelites would once again worship calves of gold. Here are your gods, O Israel, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt (1 Kings 12:28). Whatever their intention, they now put another god before Yahweh. Aaron s poor excuse when Moses confronted him was not enough to spare him God s anger. The Lord was so angry with Aaron that he was ready to destroy him, but I interceded also on behalf of Aaron at that same time (Deut. 9:20). Moses with God (32:7 14) For forty days, Moses had received instructions from God. He must have been ecstatic with the final outcome of a covenant written with the very finger of God. Little could he have been prepared for the scene awaiting him at the foot of the mountain. But God knew. He said, Go down at once! Your people, whom you brought up out of the land of Egypt, have acted perversely (Exod. 32:7). The scene between Moses and God resembles a mother who says to the dad after the misconduct of a child, Your son needs to be punished. In doing so she virtually relinquishes ownership and responsibility. God had every right to have had his fill of this obstinate people group. Note in Exodus 32:7 God s use of you and your that emphasizes Moses role. God gave Moses quite a challenge at this point. He expressed his extreme wrath, hot enough to consume the people. Further, he said in effect, Don t bother intervening on their behalf. Let me alone. I ve had it! God offered to Moses to make [of him] a great nation (32:10). What a temptation that must have been to Moses. He and God had put up with so much from this rebellious people. Now God was offering to do away with them and make a great nation directly from Moses.

Lesson 2: Moses 29 If we are honest, we will probably admit there have been times when we wished God would just get rid of those who hurt us so deeply. I wonder, though, if God made us that offer and said he would just be our God alone, could we do it? Remember God was dealing with a man of his own character, a man who had sold out his life to God. As Christians, we should fit that profile. Could we willingly take God away from those less deserving and never look back? Surely we could not. Neither could Moses. Instead, Moses tossed responsibility for the people back to God. He asked, O Lord, why does your wrath burn hot against your people? Old Testament Heroes of the Faith Many of the heroes of Old Testament faith emphasized intercessory prayer. Abraham interceded on behalf of his nephew Lot not to destroy Sodom (Genesis 18:23 25); he interceded for Abimelech, asking for healing (Gen. 20:17). Moses interceded for the Israelites after they built the golden calf (Exod. 32:11 14, 30 34). Samuel interceded for the people for forgiveness of idolatry (1 Sam. 7:5). David interceded all night on behalf of his newborn baby (2 Sam. 12:14 18); he interceded for the people when they took a census without God s direction (2 Sam. 24:17). Solomon interceded for the sinful people, asking for forgiveness (1 Kings 8). Elijah interceded for the widow that her child would live again (1 Kings 17:20 23). Hezekiah prayed for deliverance from the Assyrians (Isaiah 37:14 20). Amos prayed that God s word would not come to pass (Amos 7:5 6). Jeremiah pleaded for God not to be a stranger to whose who could not save themselves (Jeremiah 14:7 9). 3

30 Profiles in Character What Can We Learn from Moses Experience? We must first spend time in the presence of God before we can intercede for others. We seek God s intervention first to witness to his glory. We persist with God on behalf of others, trusting his grace and mercy. We put our own interest behind us on behalf of those for whom we intercede. We do not deny our own emotional response to the wrongs of others. We have the courage to confront the wrongdoer with his or her actions. We offer to be used by God in his answer. We follow and obey whatever God s answer may be. (32:11, italics added for emphasis). Keep in mind, this question came before Moses actually saw what the people did. He could not imagine how God could be so angry. But we will witness his own intense anger when he first laid eyes on the desecration at the foot of the mountain. Moses first appealed to God based on his own love for God and his desire to protect God s name. He knew what the charges would be: God had delivered his people only to destroy them. The pharaoh s lack of respect would appear justified and God s name would be in vain. Second, Moses reminded God of his promise to Abraham, Isaac, and Israel to multiply their descendants and to give the Promised Land to them to inherit forever. Moses claimed God could not renege on his promise. God changed his mind. Notice Moses did not change God s mind. Although Moses interceded for the people, God was not having a weak moment of anger. His anger was righteous and just. In several instances, the word relented is used instead of repented (2 Samuel 24:16). The same concept can be found in Jonah 3:10, When God saw what they did,

Lesson 2: Moses 31 how they turned from their evil ways, God changed his mind about the calamity that he had said he would bring upon them; and he did not do it. God was moved to pity and had compassion. God always leans toward mercy for his children. Once again, he offered the Israelites another chance. Moses with the People (32:15 30) When Moses reached the bottom of the mountain, his own anger flared. So angry was he that he dashed the cherished tablets on which God had just written the commandments. Confronting his brother, he received a reply limp enough to insult his intelligence: I threw it [the gold jewelry] into the fire, and out came this calf! (Exod. 32:24). Such an answer revealed a cowardly side of an otherwise good man. There seemed to be no reasonable explanation for this great apostasy. Turning one s back on God will never have an acceptable explanation. Confronting a wrong or a sin is one step toward forgiving it. Moses confronted the people: You have sinned a great sin (32:30). They had to know the enormity of their sinful actions. But then Moses gave awesome words of hope: Perhaps I can make atonement for your sin (32:30). Moses Before God (32:31 34) That Moses would try to make atonement for the people is evidence of his character. Moses had always identified with the people. Even as a young man he had refused to be called the son of Pharaoh s daughter, and chose instead to share ill treatment with the people of God (Hebrews 11:24 25). One must wonder whether he realized how much ill treatment he would receive from the people of God. Even now, he was offering to give up his place in the book for the people. His dedication to them regardless of their treatment of him was remarkable. Unlike the book of life referred to in the New Testament (Revelation 13:8; 17:8), the book Moses referred to is probably a record kept by God of those who are part of his people. In the Old Testament this may simply mean people not in the book die, leaving the list of the living. 2 Consider Psalm 69:28, Let them be blotted out of the book of the living. Whatever

32 Profiles in Character the book, Moses was choosing solidarity with the people, claiming to be a sinner, and asking God to take his life rather than theirs. God refused to grant Moses his request and answered, Whoever has sinned against me I will blot out of my book (Exod. 32:33). These words were an Old Testament precursor to the priesthood of the believer. Each person would be responsible for his or her own relationship with God. Moses could not be the sacrifice for the Israelite people. That honor would go to Jesus Christ in God s perfect timing. Until then, continue on, God told Moses, My angel shall go in front of you (32:34). For Life Today Mrs. Dais s words were prophetic. Frank read the Gospels over and over and gave his life to Christ. Seventeen years later he was released on early parole. He had always identified with the inmates as his people, and he never turned his back on them after his release. He, his wife Ruth, and Mrs. Dais visited prisons across the nation for many years, sharing God s hope for inmates. Frank and Mrs. Dais are both now deceased, and Ruth carries on the prison ministry. We have choices to make when people wrong us. We can turn away from them or turn to God on their behalf. Both Moses and Mrs. Dais approached God on behalf of others. Frank would intercede for prisoners for years. None of them glossed over the sins of the people but confronted them instead. And none of them deserted their people. Instead, they walked on with them. And God led the way. Questions 1. Would you classify the Israelites as Moses friends? Why or why not?

Lesson 2: Moses 33 2. Read Psalm 106:21 23. Moses stood in the breach between the people and God, and God did not destroy them. Did Moses take a risk with his intervention? If so, what was it? 3. After Moses intervened for the Israelites with God, he still had to go back to the people. He confronted them with their sin. Does praying for someone substitute for holding him or her accountable for their wrong? Why or why not?

34 Profiles in Character 4. Read Jonah 3:9 4:5. What was the difference between Jonah s and Moses reaction to God s change of mind? 5. Read Acts 7:60 and Romans 9:3. Stephen and Paul each offered their lives for those much less deserving. Have you been willing to sacrifice your all for someone to receive salvation? Reflect on what that would look like in a current relationship you have. Notes 1. Account based on the writer s personal knowledge. 2. Trent C. Butler, Holman Bible Dictionary (Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers, 1991), see book of life. 3. Holman Bible Dictionary, see intercession.

Focal Text Numbers 13:25 14:10a Background Numbers 13 14; Joshua 14:1 15 Main Idea Caleb stood firmly for God s way even though his stand put him in conflict with most of the people. Question to Explore How is God calling you to respond to him with courageous faith? Lesson Three Caleb: Showing Courageous Faith Study Aim To identify from Caleb s actions how I will respond to God with courageous faith Quick Read God chose twelve spies to investigate the Promised Land, but only two of those spies, Joshua and Caleb, chose God s way. 35

36 Profiles in Character Finally! After two years and two months of journeying across the desert, the Israelites had arrived at the border of the Promised Land. Before them lay the land of Canaan, which God had promised to them through their ancestor Abraham. Imagine their excitement as the promised day arrived. For two years they had faithfully followed Moses and trusted God as they had been led by a cloud by day and a pillar of fire by night. Now they could finally leave the wilderness and move into their homeland, put down roots, and begin to rebuild their lives. One might wish that the above scenario had occurred, but unfortunately, it did not happen this way. Instead, within a few weeks of leaving Egypt and beginning the journey in the wilderness, the Hebrews had begun to complain against both Moses and God. Many times they had so angered God that he was ready to destroy them and begin a new nation through Moses. Each time Moses interceded for the people, and God changed his mind concerning punishment. And each time, God led them on toward the Promised Land. We should not be surprised that having arrived at their destination, their collective attitude was one of distrust and suspicion. We see here God s mercy in the face of the people s distrust. Moses stated, All of you came to me and said, Let us send men ahead of us to explore the land for us and bring back a report to us regarding the route by which we should go up and the cities we will come to (Deuteronomy 1:22). The people seemed to have forgotten who had given them the route for two years through the wilderness. Visualize coming to your destination after two years of hard journeying. God had promised he would give you this land flowing with milk and honey (Numbers 13:27; 14:8) for you and your descendants to have forever. Then try to picture yourself wanting to check it out first to decide whether you really want to enter. Perhaps you have come to this spot yourself. God has clearly revealed to you the next step in his will for your life, but you hesitate and assess what it will mean for you and your family. Or maybe he has called you to a future of fulltime service to him, and you spend months or years trying to convince both yourself and God that you aren t capable. How many ministers I have heard say, I ran from God for years before I accepted his call. I wasted so much time! We can learn a hard lesson from the behavior of the Israelites. Caleb, however, shows us a different view, one that pleased God.