Haredi Employment Nitsa (Kaliner) Kasir Deputy Chair, the Haredi Institute for Public Affairs Jewish Funders Network March 12, 2018 (Updated version: February 12, 2019)
Data is only half the story and sometimes it s the wrong story. 2
Demographic Forecast where are we headed? 100% 80% 16.0% Population distribution and forecast 20.8% 21.2% 21.4% 21.0% 19.2% 60% 40% 80.0% 68.0% 64.5% 60.7% 57.1% 48.6% 20% 0% 32.1% 11.2% 14.2% 17.8% 22.0% 4.0% 1980 2015 2025 2035 2045 2065 Haredim Non-haredi Jews and others Arabs Source: Nitsa (Kaliner) Kasir and Dmitri Romanov, 2018. Quality of Life Among Israel s Population Groups A Comparative Study, the Haredi Institute for Public Affairs. Data: For 1980, analysis of the Central Bureau of Statistics data; for the years 2015-2065, Hleihel, 2017. 3
Demographic Forecast where are we headed? Population distribution by age 100% 80% 19% 24% 28% 31% 27% 20% 20% 20% 19% 14% 11% 9% 11% 7% 60% 40% 58% 56% 54% 56% 61% 65% 66% 68% 71% 78% 83% 85% 84% 88% 20% 0% 22% 18% 16% 12% 10% 12% 10% 7% 5% 4% 4% 4% 3% 2% 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-17 18-24 25-29 30-34 35-44 45-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75+ Haredim Non-haredi Jews Arabs Source: Nitsa (Kaliner) Kasir and Dmitri Romanov, 2018. Quality of Life Among Israel s Population Groups A Comparative Study, the Haredi Institute for Public Affairs. Data: Labor Force Survey of the Central Bureau of Statistics, 2016. *There is a remainder of a few percentage points, accounting for population groups not belonging to the three listed here. 4
How does Haredi employment compare with non-haredi employment? Employment Rate Non-Haredi Jews, 2018 Working age (25-64) Employment Rate Haredim Working age (25-64) 2004 2018 87.6% 83.0% 2020 Target: 63% 75.9% 50.7% 49.5% 37.1% Men Women Men Women Source: Nitsa (Kaliner) Kasir and Dmitri Romanov, 2018. Quality of Life Among Israel s Population Groups A Comparative Study, the Haredi Institute for Public Affairs. Data: The Central Bureau of Statistics Labor Force Survey, 2017. 5
Typical Characteristics of Haredi Society Education system focused on identity formation, not job-market preparedness; Torah study ideal among haredi men, women are oftentimes the main breadwinner; Large families (Total Fertility Rate among haredi women 6.91, vs. 2.65 among non-haredi Jewish women). 1 Preference for segregated lifestyle (residential, work place, etc.) 1 Source: Ahmed Hleihel, Fertility Among Jewish Women in Israel, by Level of Religiosity, 1979-2014. Central Bureau of Statistics Working Paper Series, No. 101 6
Poverty 7
Poverty Rate and Poverty Gap Poverty Rate, 2017 48.6% 50.3% 21.2% 8.3% Haredim Non-haredi Jews Arabs Total population Source:Nitsa (Kaliner) Kasir and Dmitri Romanov, 2018. Quality of Life Among Israel s Population Groups A Comparative Study, the Haredi Institute for Public Affairs. Data: Expenditure Survey, the Central Bureau of Statistics 2017. 8
Subjective Poverty Percentage of persons who felt poor Ages 20 and over, 2017 27.9% 8.1% 7.6% 11.4% Haredim Non-haredi Jews Arabs Total population Source: Nitsa (Kaliner) Kasir and Dmitri Romanov, 2018. Quality of Life Among Israel s Population Groups A Comparative Study, the Haredi Institute for Public Affairs. Data: The Central Bureau of Statistics Social Survey, 2017. 9
Percentage of Persons Satisfied with their Economic Situation Percentage of persons satisfied with their economic situation Ages 20 and over, 2017 70.0% 65.2% 53.1% 62.7% Despite the low level of income among Haredim, Haredim are satisfied with their economic situation and don t perceive themselves as poor. Haredim Non-haredi Jews Arabs Total population Source: Nitsa (Kaliner) Kasir and Dmitri Romanov, 2018. Quality of Life Among Israel s Population Groups A Comparative Study, the Haredi Institute for Public Affairs. Data: The Central Bureau of Statistics Social Survey, 2017. 10
Household Donations 600 500 400 300 200 Percentage of Households That Donate and the Sum of Their Monthly Donations, 2017 483 76% 257 224 201 100% 80% 60% 40% 100 27% 27% 20% 0 Haredim Non-haredi Jews Arabs Total population 8% 0% Percentage of donors Average donation Source: Nitsa (Kaliner) Kasir and Dmitri Romanov, 2018. Quality of Life Among Israel s Population Groups A Comparative Study, the Haredi Institute for Public Affairs. Data: Expenditure Survey, the Central Bureau of Statistics 2017. 11
Haredi Women s Employment 12
Haredi women work fewer hours Number of hours worked per week 35.9-20% Part-time employment (out of overall employment) 34.9% 19.8% 28.6 Non-Haredi Jewish women Haredi women Non-Haredi Jewish women Haredi women A large proportion of Haredi women working part time are involuntary part-time workers one out of four. 1 Source: Nitsa (Kaliner) Kasir, Shlomit Shahino-Kesler & Assaf Tsachor-Shai, Part-Time Work by Choice or by Necessity? Factors Impacting the Number of Hours Worked Among Haredi Women (Hebrew), Haredi Institute for Public Affairs, 2018. 1 Source: Nitsa (Kaliner) Kasir and Assaf Tsachor-Shai, Haredi Women s Employment and Poverty in the Haredi Community, Haredi Institute for Public Affairs, 2019 (forthcoming). Data: the Central Bureau of Statistics' Labor Force Survey, 2016 13
Haredi women earn less Average hourly wage from salaried work - women (25-64), 2017 61.9-7% 57.6 Average income from salaried work - women (25-64), 2017 10,082-40% 7,197 Non-Haredi Jewish women Haredi women Non-Haredi Jewish women Haredi women Source: Analysis of the Central Bureau of Statistics Household Expenditure Survey, 2017. 14
Haredi women employed mainly in education Sectoral employment distribution Haredi women IT and communications, 4% Women employed in education 43.8% Financial services and insurance, 4% Other, 17% Education, 43.8% 19.0% Wholesale and retail; car mechanics, 6% Health, welfare and social services, 19% Professional, scientific and technical services, 6% Education Non-Haredi Jewish women Haredi women Source: Analysis of the Central Bureau of Statistics Labor Force Survey, 2016, ages 25-64. 15
Skills among the Adult Population Average Score in Literacy Numeracy and Problem Solving In a Technology-rich Environment* Women, ages 16-65, 2014-2015 263 264 257 257 260 224 205 280 236 Literacy Numeracy Problem Solving In a Technology-rich Haredi women Non-Haredi Jewish women Arab women Environment Source: Nitsa (Kaliner) Kasir and Dmitri Romanov, 2018. Quality of Life Among Israel s Population Groups A Comparative Study, the Haredi Institute for Public Affairs. Data: PIAAC, 2014-2015, Central Bureau of Statistics and RAMA [National Authority of Measurement and Evaluation in Education]. *The range of grades in the various exams was 0 to 500; the average grade is 250 and the standard deviation is 50. 16
Challenges in haredi women s employment Limited fields of vocational training; Training for low-income jobs, and not in fields relevant to the Israeli job market; Shortage of jobs in the relevant fields in which haredi women are trained; Reluctance to pursue academic studies. 17
So where do we go from here? Steps the Haredi Institute for Public Affairs is taking Mapping current and future trends in the job market; Working with school principals to adapt curricula and career training to meet market demands and to implement curricula already in high school, for optimum post-high school professional training; Working with the Ministry of Health to develop career options in healthcare services and paramedical professions; Working hand in hand with rabbinic and communal leadership. 18
Haredi Men s Employment 19
Haredi men work fewer hours Number of hours worked per week -21% Part-time employment (out of overall employment) 44.2 35.3 24.4% 6.1% Non-Haredi Jewish men Haredi men Non-haredi Jewish men Haredi men Source: The Haredi Institute for Public Affairs Data: the Central Bureau of Statistics' Labor Force Survey, 2016, ages 25-64. 20
Haredi men earn less Average hourly wage from salaried work - men (25-64), 2017 Average income from salaried work - men (25-64), 2017 15,349 79.1-41% 56.0-79% 8,569 Non-Haredi Jewish men Haredi men Non-Haredi Jewish men Haredi men Source: Analysis of the Central Bureau of Statistics Household Expenditure Survey, 2017. 21
Haredi men employed mainly in education Professional, scientific and technical services, 4% Local authorities, public administration and security, 4% Sectoral employment distribution men Construction, 4% Other, 16% Education 30% Men employed in education 28.5% IT and communications, 5% Wholesale and retail; car mechanics, 13% 5.0% Health, welfare and social services, 6% Other services, 7% Industry and manufacturing, 10% Education Non-Haredi Jewish men Haredi men Source: Analysis of the Central Bureau of Statistics Labor Force Survey, 2016, ages 25-64. 22
Skills among the Adult Population Average Score in Literacy Numeracy and Problem Solving In a Technology-rich Environment* Men, ages 16-65, 2014-2015 258 265 262 268 262 226 220 283 240 Literacy Numeracy Problem Solving In a Technology-rich Environment Haredi men Non-Haredi Jewish men Arab men Source: Nitsa (Kaliner) Kasir and Dmitri Romanov, 2018. Quality of Life Among Israel s Population Groups A Comparative Study, the Haredi Institute for Public Affairs. Data: PIAAC, 2014-2015, Central Bureau of Statistics and RAMA [National Authority of Measurement and Evaluation in Education]. *The range of grades in the various exams was 0 to 500; the average grade is 250 and the standard deviation is 50. 23
Challenges in Haredi men s employment The education system focuses solely on Torah studies; Torah study is the preferred choice among most men, with studies typically continuing till age 23-24, if not longer; Most of the men joining the workforce are married with children; Cultural and social gaps that hamper their integration. Advantages to Hiring Haredi Men High level of learning capabilities Married men/fathers are committed to their job and employer. 24
So where do we go from here? Steps being taken/recommended by the Haredi Institute of Public Affairs Mapping out the demand in the hi-tech job market No need for formal (academic) education Opportunity to tap into the latent Haredi human capital Integration into the civil service Largest employer in the economy Instituting standards that will enable recruitment of suitable candidates from the haredi community Tax reforms Enabling men who are working to maximize child tax credits (beneficial for all sectors of society). 25
Vision without action is a daydream; action without vision is a nightmare. 26
Thank you for your time