Nitsa (Kaliner) Kasir Deputy Chair, the Haredi Institute for Public Affairs Jewish Funders Network March 12, 2018
Data is only half the story and sometimes it s the wrong story. 2
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Population distribution and forecast 48.6% 68.0% 64.5% 60.7% 57.1% 80.0% 19.2% 21.0% 21.4% 21.2% 20.8% 32.1% 16.0% 11.2% 14.2% 17.8% 22.0% 4.0% 1980 2015 2025 2035 2045 2065 Haredim Arabs Non-haredi Jews and others Source: analysis of the Central Bureau of Statistics data, 1980; For the years 2015-2065 Israel s Population as of 2017 and Scenarios for Future Population Growth, Presentation, Dr. Ahmad Hleihel, Central Bureau of Statistics. 3
Population distribution by age 100% 90% 80% 20% 24% 29% 31% 27% 20% 19% 20% 19% 14% 11% 9% 11% 7% 70% 60% 50% 40% 60% 58% 56% 57% 64% 69% 72% 73% 76% 82% 85% 88% 86% 91% 30% 20% 10% 0% 20% 18% 15% 12% 9% 11% 9% 7% 5% 4% 4% 3% 3% 2% 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-17 18-24 25-29 30-34 35-44 45-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75+ Haredim Non-haredi Jews and others Arabs Source: The Haredi Institute for Public Affairs Data: Labor Force Survey of the Central Bureau of Statistics, 2015. 4
How does haredi employment compare with non-haredi employment? 100.0% 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Employment Rate Non- Haredi Jews, 2017 Working age (25-64) 87.8% Men 82.1% Women 100.0% 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Employment Rate Haredim Working age (25-64) 37.1% Men 51.7% 2004 2017 2020 Target: 63% 49.5% Women 73.4% Source: Nitsa (Kaliner) Kasir, Integration of Diverse Populations in Employment, The Haredi Institute for Public Affairs, 2017. Data: Analysis of the Central Bureau of Statistics Labor Force Survey, 2017. 5
Typical Characteristics of Haredi Society Education system focused on identity formation, not job-market preparedness; Torah study ideal among haredi men, women are oftentimes the main breadwinner; Large families (Total Fertility Rate among haredi women 6.91, vs. 2.65 among non-haredi Jewish women). 1 Preference for segregated lifestyle (residential, work place, etc.) 1 Source: Ahmed Hleihel, Fertility Among Jewish Women in Israel, by Level of Religiosity, 1979-2014. Central Bureau of Statistics Working Paper Series, No. 101 6
Haredi Women s Employment 7
Haredi women work fewer hours Number of hours worked per week Part-time employment (out of overall employment) 35.5% -20% 35.1 20.5% 28.2 Non-Haredi Jewish women Haredi women Non-Haredi Jewish women Haredi women A large proportion of haredi women working part time are involuntary part-time workers one out of four. 1 Source: Nitsa (Kaliner) Kasir, Shlomit Shahino-Kesler and Assaf Tsachor-Shai, Haredi Women s Underemployment", Haredi Institute for Public Affairs, 2018 (forthcoming). Data: the Central Bureau of Statistics' Labor Force Survey, 2015 1 Source: Nitsa (Kaliner) Kasir and Assaf Tsachor-Shai, Haredi Women s Employment and Poverty in the Haredi Community, Haredi Institute for Public Affairs, 2018 (forthcoming). 8
Haredi women earn less Average hourly wage from salaried work women Working age (25-64), 2016 58-7% 55 Average income from salaried work women (25-64), 2016 9,226-27% 6,718 Non-Haredi Jewish women Haredi women Non-Haredi Jewish women Haredi women Source: Analysis of the Central Bureau of Statistics Household Expenditure Survey, 2016. 9
Haredi women employed mainly in education Sectoral employment distribution women Industry and manufacturing, 2% Local authorities, public administration and security, 2% Other industries, 13% Women employed in education 44% Financial services and insurance, 3% IT and communications, 4% Education, 44% 19% Professional, scientific and technical services, 5% Wholesale and retail; car mechanics, 6% Health, welfare and social services, 19% Education Non-Haredi Jewish women Haredi women Source: Analysis of the Central Bureau of Statistics Labor Force Survey, 2015, ages 25-64. 10
Challenges in haredi women s employment Limited fields of vocational training; Training for low-income jobs, and not in fields relevant to the Israeli job market; Shortage of jobs in the relevant fields in which haredi women are trained; Reluctance to pursue academic studies. 11
So where do we go from here? Steps the Haredi Institute for Public Affairs is taking Mapping current and future trends in the job market; Working with school principals to adapt curricula and career training to meet market demands and to implement curricula already in high school, for optimum post-high school professional training; Working with the Ministry of Health to develop career options in healthcare services and paramedical professions; Working hand in hand with rabbinic and communal leadership. 12
Haredi Men s Employment 13
Haredi men work fewer hours Number of hours worked per week -20% Part-time employment (out of overall employment) 43.5 24.7% 34.7 6.4% Non-haredi Jewish men Haredi men Non-haredi Jewish men Haredi men Source: The Haredi Institute for Public Affairs Data: the Central Bureau of Statistics' Labor Force Survey, 2015, ages 25-64. 14
Haredi men earn less Average income from salaried work men 14,814-45% 8,128 Non-haredi Jewish men Haredi men Source: Analysis of the Central Bureau of Statistics Household Expenditure Survey, 2016, for employees aged 25-64 (self-defined as haredim). 15
Haredi men employed mainly in education Sectoral employment distribution men IT and communications, 3% Local authorities, public administration and security, 3% Other industries, 11% Men employed in education 30% Management and support services, 3% Construction, 4% Education, 30% Transportation, storage, postal and courier services, 4% Professional, scientific and technical services, 4% Health, welfare and social services, 6% Other services, 7% Industry and manufacturing, 10% Wholesale and retail; car mechanics, 15% 5% Education Non-haredi Jewish men Haredi men Source: Analysis of the Central Bureau of Statistics Labor Force Survey, 2015, ages 25-64. 16
Challenges in haredi men s employment The education system focuses solely on Torah studies; Torah study is the preferred choice among most men, with studies typically continuing till age 23-24, if not longer; Most of the men joining the workforce are married with children; Cultural and social gaps that hamper their integration. Advantages to Hiring Haredi Men High level of learning capabilities Married men/fathers are committed to their job and employer. 17
So where do we go from here? Steps being taken/recommended by the Haredi Institute of Public Affairs Mapping out the demand in the hi-tech job market No need for formal (academic) education Opportunity to tap into the latent haredi human capital Integration into the civil service Largest employer in the economy Instituting standards that will enable recruitment of suitable candidates from the haredi community Tax reforms Enabling men who are working to maximize child tax credits (beneficial for all sectors of society). 18
Vision without action is a daydream; action without vision is a nightmare. 19
Thank you for your time Nitsa (Kaliner) Kasir nitsa@machon.org.il