ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The writer wants to express his gratitude to: Jesus Christ. Thank You for Your Guidance and blessings during the writing process of this research. My family: Dad, Mom, my brother: thank you for your support and love. Mr. Agus Santoso: thank you for all of your guidance and advice, Sir. During these past four years, you have taught and given me some valuable knowledge and lessons that are useful for my future. Mrs. Clara Evi Citraningtyas: thank you so much, Ma am. You have guided me and helped me in making this thesis a reality. When I feel like I am about to lose hope, you are always there to help me in bringing back that determination, drive and fire. Also, both of your American Literature class and South / East Asian Literature class have further ensured me that literature is my first love. I am forever grateful for that. Ma am M.B. Rini Wahyuningsih: thank you for all of your advice, Ma am. This thesis would not be possible if it were not because of you. Mr. I Made Markus: thank you for giving me valuable lessons all these years, Sir. Your knowledge and your experience have inspired me to be a better person and hopefully a good teacher someday. Mrs. Paula Marvene Miller: thank you so much for all of your teachings and knowledge, Ma am. You are the reason on why I decided to take on literature as my major. Your Narrative and the Novel class, Drama Analysis class, Literary Survey class have all been such a joy and a great unforgettable
experience. You also taught me on how to become a better person through literature. Hopefully that someday I will become a teacher just like you. Mr. Hananto: thank you so much, Sir. I could not have written this thesis without your help and guidance that you gave in Research Method and Proposal writing class. Mrs. Hanna Suteja: thank you, Ma am. Your translation class and linguistics class have helped me on how to become a good translator as well as a person who now knows the structure and development of English language. My dearest classmates: Nanda Raweyai, Diajeng Ayu, Jeanny Sandra. Thank you for being my best friends during these four years. All of you had been very supportive in my weakest and happy days and I will miss the fun classes with all of you. On the final note, the writer realizes that this thesis is far from being perfect. There are many shortcomings. Therefore, the writer accepts suggestions and criticisms to improve this thesis. The writer hopes that this thesis can be useful for the readers. Karawaci, February 2013 The Writer
TABLE OF CONTENTS ORIGINALITY STATEMENT OF THE THESIS... ii THESIS SUPERVISOR S APPROVAL... iii THESIS EXAMINATION COMMITTEE...iv ABSTRACT...v ABSTRAK...vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS... vii TABLE OF CONTENTS...ix LIST OF TABLES...xi LIST OF FIGURES... xii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION...1 1.1 Background of the Study...1 1.2 Research Questions...3 1.3 Purpose of the Study...3 1.4 Significance of the Study...3 1.5 Definition of Terms...4 CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW...6 2.1 Critical Approaches in Literature...6 2.1.1 Historical Approach...9 2.1.2 The Difference Between Historical Approach & History...11 2.2 Literature as an Education Tool...12 2.3 The History of African-Americans in the United States...13 2.3.1 Slavery Era...13 2.3.2 Reconstruction Era...14 2.3.3 Road to Civil Rights...15 2.3.4 Post Civil Rights Era until Present...16 2.4 Racial Issues in the United States & Indonesia...16 2.4.1 United States...16 2.4.1.1 Jim Crow Laws...17 2.4.1.2 Separate but equal...17 2.4.2 Indonesia...18 2.5 Theoretical Framework...20 CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD...21 3.1 Qualitative Research...21 3.2 Procedures...22
3.3 Data Collection...22 3.4 Data Analysis...23 CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS...24 4.1 Racial Injustice...24 4.1.1 Segregation...24 4.1.2 Violence...31 4.1.3 Referral to Historical Events...36 4.2 Similarity of the Issues of Racial Injustice in the US & Indonesia...42 4.2.1 Segregation...42 4.2.2 Violence...45 4.3 Educate Indonesian Readers and Indonesia...49 4.3.1 Segregation...49 4.3.2 Violence...51 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS...54 5.1 Conclusions...54 5.2 Limitation of the Study...57 5.3 Recommendations...57 WORKS CITED...59 APPENDIX...66 Summary of The Help...66
LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1 The Similarities and Differences Between Segregation in the US and Indonesia...45
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1 Theoretical Framework...20