UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION (2011 Admn. onwards) VI Semester B.A. PHILOSOPHY CORE COURSE CONTEMPORARY WESTERN PHILOSOPHY Question Bank & Answer Key Choose the correct Answer from the bracket. 1. The founder of phenomenological movement is --------------- (a) Husserl (b) Hegel (c) Kant (d) Brentano 2 Brentano belongs to ------ movement (a) Feminist (b) Materialist (c) Existentialist (d) Phenomenologist 3 Ideas: A General Introduction to Pure Phenomenology is a work o (a) Brentano (b) Husserl (c) Sartre (d) Aristotle 4 The task of phenomenology is to study --- (a) Moral acts (b) Science (c) Emotions (d) Consciousness 5. The phenomenological reduction is by ------- (a) Husserl (b) Brentano (c) Ponty (d) Sartre 6 Transcendental phenomenology, according to Husserl, was the study of ------- (a) Spirit (c) Transcendental Consciousness (b) Logic (d) Science 7 --------- subscribes to slogan To the things themselves. (a) Husserl (b) Sartre (c) Heidegger (d) Empiricist 8. Which philosophy is emphasizing the study of consciousness by the method of reduction (a) Existentialism (b) Phenomenology (c) Psychology (d) None of the above 9. Who wrote the work Logical Investigations? (a) Heidegger (b) Sartre (c) Merleau-Ponty (d) Husserl 10. Who was the first to employ the term phenomenology? (a) Leibnitz (b) Leucippus (c) Lambert (d) Bertano Contemporary Western Philosophy 1
11. Descriptive psychology and had its origins in the project of ------- (a) Brentano. (b) Husserl (c) Heidegger (d) Meinong 12 Whose conviction that philosophy is a rigorous science? (a) Kant (b) Brentano (c) Aristotle (d) Husserl 13. phenomenology emphasizes the concept of ------ (a) Self-evidence (b)anticipation (c) Existence (d) Science 14. Brentano contrasts empirical psychology with --------- (a) Gestalt psychology (c) genetic psychology (b) Clinical psychology (d) all are false 15. ------- is a concept in phenomenology borrowed from Brentano (a) Intentionality (b) De anima, (c) cognition (d) consciousness 16. Who laid great stress on phenomenology s principle of presuppositionlessness in Phenomenology? (a) Heidegger (b) Meinong (c) Brentano (d) Husserl 17. Which of the following is true to Husserl? (a) The suspension of the natural attitude (c) Eidetic and transcendental reductions (b) The phenomenological epoché, (d) All are true 18. -------- meant that all scientific, philosophical, cultural, and everyday assumptions had to be put aside. (a) Positivism (b) bracketing (c) empiricism (d) descriptivism 19. Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint is the work of -------- (a) Brentano (b) Husserl (c) Heidegger (d) Sartre 20. Who contrasts empirical psychology with genetic psychology? (a) Carnap (b) Meinong (c) Brentano (d) Husserl 21 Phenomenological movement dedicated to describing the structures of experience as they present themselves to ------------. (a)description (b) Bracketing (c) Intentionality (d) Consciousness 22 The term phenomenology, invented by the German eighteenth-century Mathematician, J.H.Lambert to describe the science of -----------. a. Appearances (b) Ideas (c) Concepts (d) all are true 23 The word phenomenology had been used by Hegel in his work on the nature of the ----------. (a) Object (b) Evolution (c) Spirit (d) none of the above 24 According to phenomenology, the intentional object is that which is present to------. (a) Natural attitude (b) consciousnesses Contemporary Western Philosophy 2
(c) material reality (d) all are true 25 Cartesian Meditations is the famous work of --------- (a) Carnap (b) Descartes (c) Brentano (d) Husserl 26 --------------is the doctrine that every mental act is related to some object. (a) Objectivity (b) Intentionality (c) Reduction (d) Bracketing 27 Phenomenology had been criticized as an essentially ------method, (a) Empirical (b) Science (c) Solipsistic (d) Relative 28. Husserl as a transcendental philosopher deferrers from-------. (a) Descartes (b) Socrates (c) Aristotle (d) Kant 29. Who distinguished between phenomena and noumena? (a) Kant (b) Brentano (c) Sartre (d) Berkeley 30. Whose transcendental philosophy is known as transcendental phenomenology? (a) Brentano (b) Husserl (c) Sartre (d) Heidegger 31. ----- reduction brackets the question of existence and attempts to focus on the essence. (a) Eidetic (b) Transcendental (c) Phenomenological (d) All are true 32 Epoché in phenomenology means ------. (a) Existence (b) Essence (c) Reduction (d) Description 33. According to Kierkegaard, truth is--------. (a) Subjectivity (b) God (c) Transcendental (d) Particular 34. Who said that existence precedes essence? (a) Husserl (b) Plato (c) Descartes (d) Sartre 35 Being and Time is the work of --------. (a) Nietzsche (b) Plato (c) Heidegger (d) Sartre 36. Who said that "God is dead"? (a) Heidegger (b) Nietzsche (c) Sartre (d) Kierkegaard 37 ---- philosophers give importance to the term existence? (a) Existentialists (b) Phenomenologist (c) Empiricists (d) Rationalists 38. Existentialism is a philosophical -----------. (a) Idealism (b) Movement (c) Pragmatics (d) Science 39 Existentialism emphasizing individual existence, freedom, and ---- (a) God (b) Religion (c) Objectivity (d) subjectivity Contemporary Western Philosophy 3
40. Who is regarded as the founder of modern existentialism? (a) Sartre (b) Heidegger (c) Kierkegaard (d) Nietzsche 41 Who claimed the word nausea for the individual's recognition (a) Husserl (b) Sartre (c) Heidegger (d) Nietzsche 42 One of the following is an atheist existentialist (a) Descartes (b) Karl Jaspers (c) Gabriel Marcel (d) Sartre 43 Who wrote the book Thus Spake Zarathustra? (a) Nietzsche (b) Sartre (c) Brentano (d) Aristotle 44 Superman is the philosophical concept of ------------. (a) Sartre (b) Nietzsche (c) Heidegger (d) Husserl 45 Being and Time is the work of -------. (a) Sartre (b) Husserl (c) Heidegger (d) Descartes 46 According to Heidegger, Dasein means -------- (a) God (b) becoming (c) being- that (d) being- there 47 In Heidegger the fundamental ontology means the study of ----- (a) being (b) non -being (c) becoming (d) logic 48. Being and Nothingness is the work of -------- (a) Husserl (b) Sartre (c) Brentano (d) Heidegger 49. Man is condemned to be free, is the statement of ---- (a) Nietzsche (b) Husserl (c) Sartre (d) Heidegger 50. Sartre's philosophy is explicitly ------and pessimistic (a) Religious (b) Catholic (c) Theistic (d) Atheistic 51. Heidegger is an ------------- philosopher. (a) Agnostic (b) ancient (c) analytic (d) existential 52 Sartre tried to reconcile existentialist concepts with a ----------- analysis of society and history. (a) Samos (b) Marxist (c) Religious (d) all are false 53. Nietzsche is an ------- existentialist philosopher. (a) Atheistic (b) Atomists (c) Theistic (d) Phenomenological 54. ------- is a religious Existentialist philosopher (a) Sartre (b) Nietzsche (c) Socrates (d Kierkegaard 55. A number of existentialist philosophers used --------- to convey their thought. (a)ethics (b) Hermeneutics (c) literary forms (d) god Contemporary Western Philosophy 4
56. Existentialism is --------- century philosophical movement. (a)18 th (b)20 th (c)21 st (d)5 th 57. All existentialists have followed --------in stressing the importance of individual action in deciding questions of both morality and truth (a) Husserl (b) Nietzsche (c) Brentano (d) Kierkegaard 58. Existentialists have argued that no objective and ------ principles can be found for moral decisions. (a) Rational (b) innate (c) axiomatic (d) subjective 59. ------ who claimed to have worked out a total rational understanding of humanity and history. (a) Hegel (b) Nietzsche (c) Husserl (d) Kierkegaard 60. All the existentialist thinkers suggest major themes and stress on concrete ----- existence. (a) ontological (b) metaphysical (c) individual (d) theological 61 The centre of the movement called logical empiricism was ---------.. a. Germany (b) Vienna Circle (c) England (d) Austria 62 Who was the first to hold the Chair in the Philosophy of logical empiricism? a. Carnap (b) A.J Ayer (c) Neurath (d) Moritz Schlick 63 Logical positivism is a philosophy developed by the Vienna Circle during the ------ (a) 1950s (b) 1980s (c) 1920s (d) 1960s 64 The most famous doctrine of logical positivism is its --------- principle (a) Verifiability (b) metaphysical (c) Ethical (d) all are false 65 According to logical positivism, the validity and meaning of any proposition is dependent upon whether or not it can be--------- a. theological (b) verified (c)not observed (d) ethical 66 A statement which cannot be verified is held to be.. (a) True (b) valid (c) meaningless (d) idealist 67 Logical positivists attack on statement of ----------, theology and religion (a) logical (b) verifiable (c) empirical (d) metaphysics 68. Leading members of the Vienna circle included M. Schlick, R. Carnap, O. Neurath, and (a) Berkeley (b) Descartes (c) Waismann (d) Husserl 69. Who wrote the book Language, Truth and Logic? (a) Frege (b) A. J. Ayer (c) Carnap (d) Hume Contemporary Western Philosophy 5
70. ------- distinguished between meaningful and meaningless statements? (a) Logical positivists (b) Husserl (c) Heidegger d) Sartre 71. According to logical positivists, all -------- statements are meaningless. (a) logical (b) mathematical (c) metaphysical (d) empirical 72 Wittgenstein's famous work is called ------ (a) Language, Truth and Logic (b) Logic (c) Investigation (d) Tractatus 73 -----was a scientist and philosopher, frequently regarded as the father of logical positivism. (a) Russell (b) Ernst Mach (c) Hume (d) A J Ayer 74. All the statements in mathematics and logic are true by itself and no need of verification according to the ----------. (a) Logical positivists (b) Pragmatism (c) phenomenology (d) Heidegger 75 The central idea of logical positivism is the Principle of ------------- (a) metaphysics (b)language (c) epistemology (d) Verification 76. A. J.Ayer argued that all metaphysical statements such as God is omnipotent are ruled out as--------- by his criterion. (a)meaningful (b) True (c) meaningless (d) valid 77 -------is a prominent figure in the philosophical movement known as logical positivism or logical empiricism. (a) Rudolf Carnap (b) John Dewey (c) Sartre (d) Locke 78. The Logical Syntax of Language is the work of ---------. (a) C S Peirce (b) Rudolf Carnap (c) A. J.Ayer (d) Husserl 79 The philosophy of language deals with the problem of the distinction between --------- and semantics. (a) logic (b) ethics (c) syntax (d) values 80. The major issue of language of philosophy is the relationships between language and -- (a) word (b) world (c) thought (d) logic 81. An influential type of philosophy of language developed out of ----- generative grammar. (a) Husserl (b) A. J.Ayer (c) C S Peirce (d) Chomsky 82. ------- is a central figure in the philosophy of language. (a) Brentano (b) Wittgenstein (c) Meinong (d) Husserl 83 The business of --------includes questions about the meanings of subject expressions like the present king of France is bald. (a) Idealism (b) dialectics (c) semantics (d) logic Contemporary Western Philosophy 6
84. In the The Logical Syntax of Language, Carnap discussed -----------. (a) Logical syntax (b) Phenomenology (c) virtue (d) existentialism 85 In Logical Syntax of Language, Carnap accepted Tarski s ------------techniques, (a) Logical b) ethical (c) semantical (d) all are false 86 The central program of Carnap s Logical Syntax of Language is the notion of ------------- framework. (a) Ethical (b) pragmatic (c) Existential (d) linguistic 87 Meinong claimed to have discovered a new a priori science, the theory of------- (a) analytics (b) ideas (c) objects (d) subjects 88 Who made the distinction between objects may either exist (such as physical objects) or subsist(such as mathematical entities). (a) Hussel (b) Meinong (c) Brentano (d) Sartre 89. On the Theory of Objects and Psychology is the work of -------------- (a) Meinong (b) Sartre (c) Heidegger (d) Brentano 90. Every object is independent of its being. Some exist and others (for e g., golden mountains) do not exist is the philosophy of ------ (a) Heidegger (b) Meinong (c) Husserl (d) C S Peirce 91 -------- stated that object as round square have no type of being at all, they are homeless objects, to be found not even in heaven. (a) Frege s (b) Brentano s (c) Heidegger s (d) Meinong 92. According to --------, the two statements the round square is round and the mountain I am thinking of is golden are true statements about nonexistent objects (a)sartre (b) Russell (c) Meinong, (d) Plato 93 Who accepted Brentano's thesis of the intentionality of the mental but modified it in a realistic direction, distinguishing between the content and object of a mental act? (a) Meinong (b) Husserl (c) Carnap (d) A.J Ayer 94 Who derives the term 'theory of objects' which he preferred as 'metaphysics' and 'ontology'? (a) Schlick (b) Meinong (c) Hume (d) Heidegger 95 The property of objects corresponding to the truth of judgments,according to Meinong is ----- (a)intentionality (b) Ideas (c) Relation (d) factuality 96 Pragmatism is a philosophical movement and it has a major impact on ------- culture from the late 19th century to the present. a. German (b) Greek (c) American (d) Indian Contemporary Western Philosophy 7
97 Pragmatists claim that truth, knowledge, morality, and politics must be tested in ----- a. Theory b) practice (c) Lab (d) all are false 98 -------- influenced developments in psychology, sociology, education, semiotics (the study of signs and symbols), and scientific method, as well as philosophy, cultural criticism, and social reform movements in France, England and Italy (a) Pragmatism (b) Hermeneutics (c) Positivism (d) all are false 99 The most important pragmatists are American philosophers Charles Sanders Peirce, William James, and -------. a. Bentham (b) J S Mill (c) Chomsky (d) John Dewey 100 Peirce developed pragmatism as a theory of meaning in particular, the meaning of concepts used in ----------. (a) Religion (b) Science (c) Ethics (d) Metaphysics 101. Logical positivists, who have been influenced by Peirce, believed that truth is closed to ---------. (a) axioms (b) norms (c) facts (d) ideas 102 Logical positivists emphasize the importance of scientific verification, rejecting the assertion of personal -------- experience (a) Subjective (b) objective (c) empirical (d) factual 103 Dewey s philosophy can be described as a version of philosophical --------- (a)formalism (b) idealism (c) absolutism (d) naturalism 104 The pragmatic traditions were revitalized in the 1980s by American philosopher ----- (a) C S Peirce (b) Dewey (c) Richard Rorty (d) Anselm 105 ------------ defends social experimentation as a means of improving society, and accepts pluralism and rejects dead dogmas. (a) Phenomenology (b) pragmatism (c) Empiricism (d) Absolutism 106. ------ is an American philosopher, physicist, mathematician and the founder of Pragmatism. a. Peirce (b) Frege (c) J S Mill (d) Dewey 107 ------- never published books in his lifetime. But his greatest contributions were in the field of mathematical logic in many ways. (a) Dewey (b) Compte (c) Peirce (d) James 108 Peirce s --------- was first elaborated in a series of illustrations of the Logic of Science in the Popular Science Monthly in 1877. (a) Axiology (b) Atheism (c) Idealism (d) Pragmatism 109 Peirce acknowledges pragmatism is a kind of --------. (a)universal (b) logic (c) positivism (d) innate idea Contemporary Western Philosophy 8
110 The role of the pragmatic maxim is to reveal that almost every proposition of ontological metaphysics.. (a)meaningful (b) impossible (c) possible (d) relative 111 Peirce says that in order to grasp a term need ----- aspects of understanding. (a) Threefold (b) twofold (c) relative (d) semantic 112 Peirce states his objection to the ------- theory by labeling it a transcendental account of truth (a)meinong s (b) coherence (c) correspondence (d) semantic 113. ----is a leader of the philosophical movement of Pragmatism and of the psychological movement of functionalism. a. C S Peirce (b) William James (c) Dewey (d) Compte 114 Who held the metaphysical perspective of Pragmatism and also made the distinction between science and metaphysics? (a) Compte (b) Peirce (c)dewey (d) James 115 Truth and falsity apply not to objects but only to our ideas of objects. Our ideas of objects are mutable in the sense that we can modify ideas or replace one idea by another. Who stated the above statement? (a) James (b) Dewey (c) Neurath (d) Carnap 116 --------became actively interested in the reform of educational theory and practice. (a) James (b) Peirce (c) Dewey (d) Anselm 117 --------- philosophy called either instrumentalism or experimentalism, stems from the pragmatism of James a. Peirce s (b) Dewey s (c) Compte s (d) Husserl s 118 Dewey's own version of pragmatism was called ---------- (a) positivism (b) Relativism (c) absolutism (d) instrumentalism 119 Dewey says that the problem must be defined before you can reach a Solution and need ------ steps for solving problems. (a) Five (b) four (c) three (d) six 120 Dewey insists that truth is -------- of thought to existence. (a) semantic (b) coherence (c) correspondence (d) all are false 121 --------- is a system of philosophy based on experience and empirical knowledge of natural phenomena. They regarded metaphysics and theology is inadequate and imperfect systems of knowledge. (a) Relativism (b) Positivism (c) Intentionality (d) Consciousness 122 The doctrine was first called positivism by the 19th-century French mathematician and philosopher ------ Contemporary Western Philosophy 9
a. Husserl (b) Peirce (c) Dewey (d) Auguste Comte 123 Who argued that historical processes need empirical study? a. Comte (b) Husserl (c) Heidegger (d) None of the above 124 Compte reveals a law of -------- stages that govern human development and he analyzed these stages in his major work. (a)two (b) three (c) four (d) all are false 125 According to Comte the first stage is called ---------- (a) Polytheism (b) monotheism (c) teliological (d) intellectual 126 Matter is known as our sensations of colour, figure, hardness and the like is the philosophy of ------ (a) pragmatism (b) Idealism (c) Utilitarianism (d) Existentialism 127 ---------- is the twentieth century philosophy. (a) Idealism (b) Rationalism (c) Deontology (d)pragmatism 128 John Dewey preferred to call his own philosophy as ----- (a) formalism (b) idealism (c) Experimentalism (d) naturalism 129 Essays in Experimental Logic is the work of ---------- (a) C S Peirce (b) Dewey (c) Richard Rorty (d) Anselm 130 A postmodern version of pragmatism developed by the American philosopher----- a. C S Peirce (b) Hume (c) Richard Rorty (d) Dewey 131. Pragmatism rejects -------- (a) Abstraction (b) Action (c) Facts (d) concreteness 132 --------- French philosopher and the founder of positivism. (a) Dewey (b) Comte (c) Peirce (d) James 133 The slogan of logical positivism represents ------- tradition in the history of Western philosophy. a. Idealistic (b) Theistic (c) anti-metaphysical (d) Ethical 134 Wittgenstein s Tractatus.influenced ---------- PhilosophY. (a) Universal (b) Agnostic (c) Logical positivists (d) Idealist 135 Pseudo-words or pseudo statements violating the rules of -------- positivism (a) Legel (b) Logical (c) Comte s (d) All are false 136 Who said that science is not about verifying hypotheses or theories, but falsifying them? (a) Carnap (b) Sartre (c) Husserl (d) Popper Contemporary Western Philosophy 10
137 Who was not a major proponent of logical positivism in the Vienna Circle? (a) Meinong (b) Carnap (c) Wittgenstein (d) A J Ayer 138 The positivists today have rejected the so-called-------- school of philosophy prefer to call themselves logical empiricists. (A) Wolffian (b) Vienna (c) Existentialists (d)hermeneutical 139 The founder of legal positivism was -------- (a) Compte (b) Peirce (c) Dewey (d) Jeremy Bentham 140 The philosophy of the Vienna Circle is broadly equivalent to ------ (a) James (b) Dewey (c) logical positivism. (d) Carnap 141 -------- divides all meaningful propositions into two categories: analytic propositions and synthetic propositions. (a) Logical positivism (b) Existentialist (c) Phenomenologist (d) Positivist 142 Logical positivism confines knowledge to --------- a Metaphysics (b) Religion (c) Ethics (d) Science. 143 Ernst Mach is an ------ philosopher. (a) Relative (b) Empiricist (c) Rationalist (d) Instrumentalist 144 --------- Austrian sociologist and philosopher and a founding member of the Vienna Circle. a. Hume (b) Otto Neurath (c)russell (d) Husserl 145 In the United States, ----- rejected the distinction between analytic and synthetic propositions that was essential to early analytic philosophy. (a) Sartre (b) Russell (c) Quine (d) Carnap 146 In philosophy of language, who adapted the theory of truth for formalized languages to provide a semantic theory of meaning for natural languages? (a) Russell (b) Tarski (c) Sartre (d) Carnap 147 Russell s important article ----- refers to definite and indefinite descriptions. (a) On Denoting (b) Logical Atomism (c) Mathematica (d) All are false 148 Who said that elementary propositions which give language the fundamental capacity to picture the world consist of names. a. Comte (b) Husserl (c) Heidegger (d) Wittgenstein 149 Who analysis the experience of death which has been a chief concern for existentialist analysis of Dasein. (a) Sartre (b) Husserl (c) Heidegger s (d) Nietzsche 150 Existentialism generally divided into ----------- existentialists. (a) Polytheistic (c) subjective and objective (b) monotheistic and pluralistic (d) Christian and atheistic Contemporary Western Philosophy 11
Answer key 1) a 2) d 3) b 4) d 5) a 6) c 7) a 8) b 9) d 10) c 11) a 12) d 13) a 14) c 15) a 16) d 17) d 18) b 19) a 20) c 21) d 22) a 23) c 24) b 25) d 26) b 27) c 28) d 29) a 30) b 31) a 32) c 33) a 34) d 35) c 36) b 37) a 38) b 39) d 40) c 41)b 42) d 43)a 44) b 45)c 46) d 47) a 48) b 49) c 50) d 51)a 52) b 53) a 54)d 55) c 56) b 57) d 58) a 59) a 60) c 61) b 62) d 63) c 64) a 65) b 66) c 67)d 68) c 69) b 70) a 71) c 72) d 73) b 74) a 75) d 76) c 77) a 78)b 79) c 80) b 81) d 82) b 83) c 84) a 85) c 86) d 87) c 88) b 89) a 90) b 91) d 92) c 93)b 94) b 95) d 96) c 97) b 98) a 99) d 100) b 101) c 102) a 103) d 104) c 105) b 106) a 107) c 108) d 109) c 110) b 111) a 112) b 113) b 114) d 115)a 116) c 117) b 118)d 119)a 120) c 121) b 122) d 123)a 124) b 125) c 126) a 127) d 128) c 129) b 130) c 131) a 132)b 133)c 134)c 135)b 136)d 137)a 138)b 139) d 140) c 141)a 142)d 143)b 144)b 145)c 146) b 147) a 148)d 149)c 150)d Reserved Contemporary Western Philosophy 12