Arkansas Civil War Sesquicentennial Commission Meeting July 28, 2010 Pea Ridge Community Center Pea Ridge, Arkansas

Arkansas Civil War Sesquicentennial Commission Meeting July 28, 2010 Pea Ridge Community Center Pea Ridge, Arkansas Members Present Mark Christ Designee, Department of Arkansas Heritage Tommy Dupree Jacksonville, Governor Appointee Dr. George Lankford Batesville, Senate Pro Tem Designee Bill Gatewood Director, Old State House Museum DeeLois Lawrence President, Arkansas Division, United Daughters of the Confederacy Sam Wang Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War Dr. Wendy Richter Director, Arkansas History Commission Dr. Jamie Brandon Governor Appointee Richard Davies Director, Arkansas Department of Parks and Tourism John C. Scott Superintendent, Pea Ridge National Military Park Keith Emis House Speaker Designee Ernest Cunningham Governor Appointee Members Absent Carolyn Ashcraft Director, Arkansas State Library Mark Kalkbrenner Commander, Arkansas Division, Sons of Confederate Veterans Laura Miller President, Arkansas Historical Association Archie Moore Governor Appointee Ellen M. Lewis Senate Pro Tem Designee DuShun Scarbrough Director, Martin Luther King Commission W. Danny Honnoll President, Arkansas Civil War Heritage Trails Foundation Visitors Jessee Cox Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park Shelle Stormoe ACWSC Administrative Analyst Jackie Crabtree City of Pea Ridge, Arkansas Mary Durand Pea Ridge Historical Society Bill Black Fort Smith National Historic Site Sigrid Hodgson Volunteer, Pea Ridge National Military Park Troy Banzhaf Pea Ridge National Military Park Jerry Nichols Pea Ridge Historical Society Glenn Jones Heritage Trail Partner Cathy Cunningham Helena Annette Beard The Times of NE Benton County

Jami Lockhart Arkansas Archeological Survey Keith A. Jefferson Buffalo National Park John Burroughs Rogers Historical Museum Jerry Lawerence Military Order of the Stars & Bars Jon Woods State Representative Eugene Williams Pea Ridge National Military Park Foundation Monte K. Harris Rogers Historical Museum Tommy Dupree called the meeting to order. Mark Christ asked everyone to be sure to sign the sign-in sheet at some point in the day. He also asked that the commissioner that will be receiving reimbursement for today and tomorrow s meetings to get their TR-1 forms and sign them. He will also need their hotel receipts and he advised them to make sure to get receipts zeroed out. Anybody who has not checked in, both hotels are at the exit at 540 and US 62. The Comfort Inn is north of 62 and the Clarion is south of it. It is pretty well marked, but if you have any questions let him know. Tommy Dupree stated that in October, the Little Rock Air Force Base will have its semiannual air show and he has some books on the history of the Little Rock Air Force Base, and if anyone wants one, they can come up and get one. Tommy stated that first item on the agenda will be approval of last meeting s minutes. Samuel Wang noticed that the wrong set of minutes was in the commissioner s packets and made a motion for approval of the last meeting s minutes. George Lankford seconded the motion and the motion passed. Update on Helena activities Ernest Cunningham showed a PowerPoint presentation about Helena. After a brief history of Helena s occupation from 1862-1867, Ernest gave a description of what Helena looks like today. There were 4 batteries around the town and Fort Curtis, which is gone. Helena is in the process of rebuilding that fort. The batteries were A, B, C, and D. Two of the batteries are still intact. They are just like the Union army left them. One of the batteries has been completely destroyed and battery C still has some of the original earthworks. Richard Davies asked Ernest to orient the commission on where things are now in Helena. Ernest stated that the town has not really grown very much, but he showed where Highway 49 coming into town, the bridge, and the bypass would be today on the old map. He also showed them where West Helena and Cherry Street is located. He stated that the river took River Street. Ernest stated that the gunboat Tyler was instrumental in the Battle of Helena and it was stationed on the Mississippi River. July 4, 1863, was when the battle occurred and Helena was a big staging point for African Americans. They actually joined the Union army in Helena. Helena is in the

process and the reason they have gotten involved in Helena and the Civil War in past few years is because of our tourism commission. They are helping fund project. Ernest showed a slide of Battery A (corner of Adams and Beech Streets). He showed have the battery looks now. It is in the city limits, but never been developed. The city owns it, which is fortunate. Hopefully in time this will be part of the Delta Cultural Center exhibit of the battle. Ernest showed a slide of what is left of Battery B. It has been developed and there is only a marker. Battery C has great view of city of Helena and the Mississippi River. Graveyard Hill was originally a cemetery, but when the Union army occupied it, they destroyed the cemetery. The cemetery is moved to where it is now at Maple Hill. Battery D is owned by the Archeological Conservancy. They are they the people that actually take care of the Battery in Mississippi. Battery D will be part of the exhibition. There will be raised boardwalks on Batteries D and A so the ground won t be disturbed. He stated that the archeologists are looking at the batteries carefully to see what needs to be done. Ernest opened the floor for question, but there were none. Ernest went on to say that there will be 27 sites in Helena that will interpret the Civil War. Sixteen of them have been ordered and hopefully will be up in time for the Blues Festival. There will be 2 others. One will be at Big Creek and it talks about the Battle of Big Creek. The other is at Southland College or what is left of Southland College. It talks about how the Quakers and the Union army started a college for black students around 1864. It is no longer there and disbanded in about 1924. The interesting thing about the Battle of Big Creek is that it was fought with Confederate soldiers and the Union troops were primarily African American soldiers. The Confederates thought the African Americans would not fight, but they did. Estevan Hall will be the interpretative center. Ernest stated that his wife Cathie was present and should be making this presentation because she put it all together. She is in charge of getting everything together. She is the chair of the A& P Commission, which is putting money into the project along with some other people. Estevan Hall has received $300,000 grant through Southern Development Company. George Lankford asked if a walking tour was set up. Ernest stated that one was set up. You can start in one location and go all through the town. Keith Emis asked about the significance of Estevan Hall. Ernest stated that the structure was built in 1812 or 1820. It was one of the first structures in Phillips County, but it has been restored however, the basic structure is still there in the basement. It was owned by Judge Hanks who lived there until about 1890. His family sold it about 10 years ago and it is now owned by Southern Bankcorp. Judge Hanks and his family went to Iowa during the Civil War. He was a Quaker and he didn t believe in the war. When he came back after the war, since he was a Union sympathizer, he served time in Congress after the Civil War. He could sit on his balcony and see the Mississippi River. He would watch the steamboats and record entries into his diary. He kept a diary for about 50 years and it is still available and very interesting. Earnest showed the commission Freedom Park. It will part of the Civil War exhibit. When the Union army occupied Helena, they came down through Batesville. They came

through a lot of farm land and a lot of plantations and a lot of African Americans followed the Union army to Helena. It is estimated that up to 3,000 African Americans were in Helena at that time and that really grew Helena. Once they got to where the Union army was, they were free. Freedom Park will show the plight of the African American soldiers and what they went through. One interesting thing is that Helena and Freedom Park have been named the first site in Arkansas as part of the Underground Railroad Network to Freedom, which we are very proud of. Ernest showed a picture of Fort Curtis taken during the Civil War. He stated that when the fort is rebuilt, it is going to be rebuilt as close to the original as possible, but it will have to be somewhat smaller. Richard Davies asked if Fort Curtis was to protect the riverside. Ernest agreed that the fort and all of the batteries were west facing (landside). Ernest showed a view from the top of Fort Curtis. Ernest stated that Court Square Park is directly in front of the courthouse in Helena. Some of the interpretive center will be there. They will talk about the Quaker School and how the hospital was set up. There were a lot more deaths from disease than from battles. Ernest showed a slide of the Confederate cemetery, which he said is interesting. There are quite a few graves there. Pat Cleburne is in Confederate cemetery and there will be interpretive signs in the cemetery. Ernest showed a slide of generals from Helena. He showed a slide of Gunboat Tyler, which was located on the Mississippi River during the Battle of Helena. They played a big part in that battle. He stated that he has a cannon ball from that battle. His wife thinks that they should bury it because she is afraid it is going to blow up, but so far it is intact. It is going to cost about half a million dollars to fund this project. There is about $700,000 approved. There are 2 big grants that have been submitted. He doesn t know much about the grants, but his wife Cathie does. He invited the commissioner and guests to consider coming to Helena later on. He stated again that some of the exhibit should be up in time for the Blues Festival, which is always the same time of year (October 7-9, 2010). He asked his wife if she would like to add anything. She declined. Someone asked Ernest if one grant was from the Civil Preservation Trust. Ernest agreed that it was.

Keith Emis asked Ernest how the group got everything organized because it is a lot of work. Ernest explained the history of the group and how it organized with Southern Development Corp. He stated that his wife, Cathie Cunningham also played a large role in the development and that Mark Christ has been a big help. Jamie Brandon stated that he didn t ask for anything in particular from the ACWSC. Ernest stated that it is coming up. He said that he would like for the commission to come to Helena. Maybe by 2013 they will have plenty to see. Jamie stated that the commission should be there as a body for the signature event. Mark Christ stated that the Underground Railroad National Network may be planning on having its annual conference in Helena in 2013. Consideration of request to use ACWSC logo Tommy Dupree stated that there are requests for use of the ACWSC log. The first one is the Fort Smith NHS Devil s Backbone Diorama. Jamie Brandon stated that the logo committee already said yes to the use of the logo and it needs final approval. Tommy asked the commissioners to look over the paperwork. He asked Mr. Black wanted to say a few words about the project. Mr. Black explained the diorama project and display is based on the Battle of Devil s Backbone. Bill Black stated that he is Superintendant of the Fort Smith National Historic Site. Tommy asked if there were any questions or comments. A motion was made to allow the Fort Smith NHS to use the ACWSC logo for the Devil s Backbone Diorama project. It was seconded and passed by the commission. Tommy stated that the next item up for consideration for use of the ACWSC logo is also from the Fort Smith NHS. It is the 11 th USCT Program request. He asked if there is anyone who can enlighten the commission about this project. Bill Black explained that the Fort Smith NHS received a $10,000 grant last year to buy uniforms and weapons to outfit the troop reenactors. The project will begin next year. Jamie Brandon made a motion to allow the Fort Smith NHS to use the logo for the 1 st USCT Program. The motion was seconded and passed by the commission. Tommy went on to the next request. It is for the United Daughters of the Confederacy - Southern Cross of Honor Book. DeeLois Lawrence stated that she was very enlightened about a lot of things when started this project. She stated that she started her research with a book from the UDC archives at the History Commission. She stated that the UDC felt like the Southern Cross of Honor book belongs in the UDC archives in order to preserve the book for future generations. The more the UDC got into the project we found other things that we wanted to include. There is a picture of the gentleman wearing the cross around his keychain along with a poem about the cross. There are pictures of the reunion that was held at the Old State House. There are also pictures of the Confederate home when it was first started at Sweet Home along with photos of the

progression as additions were made. There are pictures of ladies from that time period and the things that they did. We have an article about the Confederate home and some of the things that took place there as well as a section that has all of the UDC camps that were in Arkansas listed along with all of the UDC chapters that were ever in Arkansas. Of course, there is information about how the medal got started. She believes it is pretty complete. Dee Lois explained the purpose of the project. The ledger book was falling apart and need to be restored. She described the photos and materials in the book. Tommy stated that his plumber has 20-30 postcards that cover both Confederate reunions in Little Rock. Someone asked DeeLois who she was referring to when she says we. She stated that she started this book project and she had the help of her husband and others, but we also refers to the UDC. The person asked where the book can be located. Dee Lois responded that, once she receive approval to use the ACWSC logo, the book will be published and then be for sale. A motion was made to allow the UDC to use the logo on the Southern Cross of Honor book. The motion was seconded and motion was passed by the commission. Tommy announced the request from Southern Bank Capital Partners to use the logo for the Helena Interpretive Project. Jamie made a motion to allow for the ACWSC logo to be used for the Southern Bancorp Capital Partners Helena Interpretation Project. The motion was seconded and passed by the commission. Jamie stated that this was a very impressive project. Mark Christ stated that he learned last week that the commission would not be losing 25% of the budget. Since the commission has the money he proposed that the commission approve underwriting some of the creation of some of the panels for Freedom Park. This will help that project along and it will also help the ACWSC with our legislative mandate of telling the African American part of the story of the Civil War in Arkansas. Jamie asked about the cost. Mark replied that it maybe $4,000, which would come out of the 25%. Someone asked for an explanation of Freedom Park. Mark explained that Freedom Park is part of the Helena plan to tell the story of the freedmen of the contraband camps. Jamie made a motion for the ACWSC to help underwrite some of the creation of some of the panels for Freedom Park. The motion was seconded and approved by the commission.

Tommy stated that the last item on the logo list is the National Park Service using the logo through 2015. Tommy asked the commission to act on NPS use of the logo through 2015. Mark Christ stated that this request stems from a meeting between him, John Scott, and Jessee Cox in Prairie Grove. They were unsure if places like Prairie Grove and Pea Ridge will have to apply for every logo use or can the commission give them blanket permission to use the logo. Jessee asked if the commission can give guidance on where they can put the logo. Richard Davies made a motion for blanket permission for the NPS and State Parks to use the ACWSC logo for Civil War related events in Arkansas. The motion was seconded and passed by the commission. Mark Christ asked that everyone still be sure to send in information on upcoming events so can put them on the ACWSC events calendar. Tommy stated that there should be information on the 3 rd Annual Fort Smith History Conference in everyone s packet. They are requesting the use of the ACWSC logo. Mark Christ stated that the Clayton House actually came in on Monday prior to the meeting a he didn t have enough time to get it out early. It is for a Civil War History Conference. The theme is the Civil War in Arkansas: Voices from the Dust. Someone asked who the conference is open to. Mark responded that anyone could attend. They also asked about the dates of the conference and Mark responded January 28-29, 2011. Jamie stated that he believes this will be the broadest conceptualization of the Civil War. Jamie made a motion to approve the request for the use of the logo for the 3 rd Annual Fort Smith History Conference. The motion was seconded. The motion passed. Tommy stated that the final request for use of logo is from the City of DeValls Bluff. Mark stated that the use of the logo is for a series of wayside exhibits that tells a broader story about the Civil War in DeValls Bluff. The city received a grant from the Arkansas Humanities Council to do a series of 7 wayside exhibits. They will start with 5 that explain different aspects of what happened in DeValls Bluff during the Civil War. They are being designed right now and this request is to incorporate logo on panels. Jamie Brandon asked about the content of the text and Mark stated that he wrote the text. Richard made a motion to approve the use of the ACWSC logo on the wayside exhibit in DeValls Bluff. The motion was seconded. The motion passed.

Report on Website Status Mark stated that Shelle Stormoe will be leaving her position as ACWSC Administrative Analyst. She has accepted a teaching position as a writing instructor at UCA. Shelle stated that there are 4 of the children s projects that we talked about in the last meeting that have been written and photographed a put on the website. Those are the Make Your Own Zouave Fez, Make Your Own Battle Flag Project, Make Your Own Lady s Fan, and Make Your Own Underground Railroad Lantern. Coming up we will be adding: Make Your Own Johnnie Cakes and Hard Tack, and Make Your Own Berry Ink Mark Christ stated additional podcasts have added to the site from Carl Moneyhan and Tom DeBlack. This fall we will still be working with mass media department at UALR. We will be adding several more podcasts to the website. They have been pretty popular. We have added several links to the website and Mark thanked the linking committee for their response. These are links to and from our page. We added quite a bit to the bibliography as well. Update on Heritage Trails Program and Discussion of Publication Richard Davies stated the latest is that the Heritage Trail brochure has been printed. Turn to page 13 and look at the Trail of Tears. We are waiting on taking Trail of Tears routes and matching them to highways and roads for the website. Mark s GIS guys are working on that and meanwhile the Highway Department is on standby. Once the directions are done, that will be loaded into a website, which will be a lot more detailed than the brochure will ever be. The intention is to have a meeting with the highway department to discuss putting up signs once the GIS guys are done. He asked Mark Christ when the GIS guys will be done. Mark Christ stated that the work is being done by Heritage Trail Partners and, hopefully in next month it will be ready. Report on ACWSC Historical Markers Mark Christ stated that there is still quite a bit of the Preserve America money that the marker program was started with and we received $40,000 from Arkansas Natural and Cultural Resources Council for the program. There is still enough to go towards around 72 more markers. There are 6 that have been fabricated. There is the one of the Arsenal Crisis and the one at DeValls Bluff. There is one in Izard County, the Skirmish at Lunenburg. There are two that the Natural Heritage Commission is putting up at Dardanelle and Chalk Bluff. The sign for the White County Historical Society has been fabricated and they are still trying to decide when to have the dedication ceremony. Probably this week, number seven will go in at Rondo at Miller County, which tells about when the Confederate records were moved to Rondo during the Camden Expedition. It is probably being cast as we speak. There are two more that the committee has approved applications on. They are in Searcy County and one is about the Skirmish at Tomahawk, which is sponsored by the city of St. Joe. They just got approval this week from the Humanities Council on the match for that marker and that should be moving forward soon. The other one is a two-sided sign. One side will talk about the Arkansas Peace

Society and the other side will talk about the burning of the Searcy County Courthouse. The marker will be located at the Searcy County Courthouse. We received a request from Etowah in Mississippi County to commemorate the skirmish that took place in that area during the Civil War. That will be 10 total at this point if Etowah is approved. Some asked when the time expires to purchase a marker. Tommy Dupree replied, when the commission runs out of money. The person asked about the application and Mark replied that the application can be found on the website. Jamie Brandon stated the Northwest Arkansas needs some signs and logos. Update on and Discussion of Passport Program Mark Christ stated that the program is moving right along. The designer has completed the initial design draft. They are going to modify it some because it is a little text heavy. We will be paring the text down some so that it is easier to read. We have a bid from UALR Printing for 20,000 units at about $9,000. We will also have the stamps created and each region will have a distinctive color of ink and people can go have their passports stamped at one of the 23 stamping locations. George Lankford asked how the general public will know to get involved with the passport program. Mark replied that a lot of people will get them from the welcome centers and we have website promotion and he believes Parks and Tourism will do their part to promote the program. Richard Davies agreed. Tommy Dupree stated that the first stop will be at Visitors Centers as people come into the state. Richard stated that State Parks will have them and they will put it on their website and AHPP will have it on theirs. Mark stated that there are 23 stamping locations and 30 or so associated sites. We have a nice commemorative coin or patch as a prize for eligible passport program participant. Discussion of Meeting with Missouri Officials John Scott stated that the people in Missouri are envious of Arkansas. The bottom line is that the state of Missouri has done nothing, as far as statewide efforts, to orchestrate any organized sesquicentennial event. The ACWSC is truly light years ahead of Missouri. At the meeting there was discussion about themes that can tie the two regions together. Dr. Piston offered his opinion on two unique events. They would be the opening of the Mississippi Valley and Guerrilla Warfare. In his mind, those two events cross state lines and uniquely tie the two states together. The idea was kind of left open and appears that the state of Missouri will not be doing much so it will be left up to local groups. John stated that there was also discussion about the two National Park Service units, Wilson s Creek and Pea Ridge. We talked about marketing to the community. In Dr.

Piston s opinion, what makes Wilson s Creek, Pea Ridge and even Prairie Grove unique is, first, the minority experience of the troops. He pointed out that at Wilson s Creek there were 27 different nationalities fighting in that battle. I expect the same is true at Pea Ridge and Prairie Grove as well. Another thing is that the locations were pristine. In John s opinion, for this whole battle for the control of Missouri, Wilson s Creek started the war, Pea Ridge finished it, and Prairie Grove made sure it never happened again. He believes it leads right into what Arkansas is doing with the themes. Tommy Dupree suggested that John look at political significance of the action. There were 4 future governors of Arkansas in the battle at Wilson s Creek, one on the Union side and 3 on the Confederate. Marmaduke became governor of Missouri. How many others became governor of Missouri from either side? John stated that the group also discussed reconstruction. Richard Davies asked John if the NPS needs money for promotion. John stated that they don t because they don t do a good job of marketing themselves, but by policy they can t. Richard asked if they could partner if someone else pays for it. John replied that they could. John stated that in the Missouri meeting a topic came up. It was about what everyone will do when the sesquicentennial is over, after 2015. How do we make it relevant to people? John stated that he would leave that with everyone. He also said that the ACWSC should be commended for the work that they have done compared to other states. Update on Kick-off Event Bill Gatewood stated that the Old State House is prepared to host event Saturday, April 30, 2011. The kick-off event will commence at 10:00 a.m. with a press conference. We hope that the Governor can make the event. It is hard to get him to commit because it is so far out. We are asking that Cathie Matthews and other VIPs to attend this event. We will have 3 living history presentations and viewings of the AETN video. Jamie Brandon asked it the commission would hear more about AETN documentary at the second half of the meeting on the following day. Mark Christ explained what he knows about documentary. There will be 2 video segments about 3 to 5 minutes in length. One will be Why Remember the Civil War and the second on the Civil War in Arkansas. July-September they are going to begin video coverage. October-December the will continue the editing and January-March they will complete the editing. Mark stated that he and Bill will be meeting with Mark Wilcken, who is the AETN producer in charge of the documentary to get an update on the over all project and to determine when to debut the film on AETN. Initially we thought to debut it on the April 30, 2011 kickoff date, but when Mark Wilcken called him he suggested airing the documentary a week earlier as a way to promote the kick-off event. Mark Christ state that the commissioner s thoughts about this idea are welcomed.

Bill announced that the Old State House starting the Enduring Union exhibit. George Lankford asked how the rest of the state gets involved with the events. Jamie Brandon stated that the idea is to have the AETN film that will be showed so that everyone can tune into it. Richard Davies stated the themes for each year of the sesquicentennial celebration and there locations. George stated that he was really wondering about AETN s coverage of the events. Jamie and Bill thought this would be a good idea. Presentations from Local Organizations and Plans for the Sesquicentennial John Scott thanked Mayor Jackie Crabtree and the city of Pea Ridge for hosting today s meeting. The NPS not sure yet what they are doing. We are working on a festival of reunion events. We will have an event but maybe help serve as a draw to other battles and thing that happened in Northwest Arkansas. Our goal for the park for the park is to have the battlefield about 95% or better restored to what it looked like in 1862 by the 150 th anniversary. He would argue strongly that Pea Ridge may be one of the best preserved battlefields in the country. John briefly discussed the tour for the afternoon. After the tour we have a local barbeque place that will provide dinner for the commission. Then after that we invite you all to come see our new exhibits in the museum, which we are pretty proud of. John also added that tonight s dinner is graciously provided by great friends from Pea Ridge National Military Park Foundation. Richard initiated a round of applause for appreciation. Rogers Historical Museum John Burrows stated that they will continue some of the things that were started in the past. Next year there will be a Civil War themed family day with reenactors. In 2012 the museum will be hosting an exhibit called Portrait in Gray about railroads. Beyond 2012 the schedule is more open. He added that the museum has been working with John Scott focusing on battle flags at Pea Ridge. Northwest Arkansas Heritage Trail Partners Glenn Jones stated that his organization is only 6 years old. It is amazing what we have accomplished in that time. Our motto is Blazing New Trails in Preservation of our

Pathways to the Past. We focus on the Trail of Tears, the Butterfield Stagecoach Route, and the Civil War troop movements. Heritage Trail links cities in a unique way. We played a big part in and are proud of the development of greenways, bike paths, and walking trails. He gave out brochures to everyone. He stated that Heritage Trails had a program at Prairie Grove two weeks ago. There were two speakers and they did a great job. On October 2, 2010 the Heritage Trail Partners will be at Pea Ridge event. John Scott, Deputies of the park, the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma, John Boozman, all the counties in Arkansas, the state of Arkansas, and Mark Christ have made contributions to the Heritage Trail Partners and Mr. Jones wanted to recognize them. He invited everyone to the Arkansas Trail of Tears Association membership meeting on September 11, 2010. We will have some great speakers and are all welcomed to attend. Arkansas Archeological Survey Dr. Jami Lockhart did a PowerPoint presentation of Research in Search of a Place to Happen. It is really a pitch to see if people have ideas of how his organization can partner with others to do remote sensing in the state. The Arkansas Archeological Survey has a database of about 45,000 archeological sites in the state, about 30,000 prehistoric. That leaves the balance to be historic. We look for results against the background of a lot of environmental data such as soils, elevation, slope, aspect, and vegetation. It lets us characterized those sites. Dr. Lockhart spoke about remote sensing technologies. He felt that the Arkansas Civil War Sesquicentennial was a perfect fit for this process when he heard that this meeting was going to happen. There are a lot people in the same room that know about these historic sites. He would love to do some work in Helena before the Blues Festival. The Arkansas Archeological Survey uses various kinds of equipment that are very accurate so when they get the data back they can determine exactly where the information came from. They are looking at physical properties, compactions, burned layers, and similar other things of this nature with these technologies. Dr. Lockhart showed a slide of Electrical Resistivity device and spoke briefly about it. This will show where things have been dug up or piled up and requires moisture. He then showed a slide of a Gradiometer and gave a brief explanation of it. It is a type of Magnetometer. It will pick up on things that have been burned or soil has been removed moved. The next slide was about electromagnetic conductivity. It measures how conductive the soil is to the flow of electricity and also whether something will accept a magnetic charge. The Arkansas Archeological Survey uses several mechanisms because two out of five things may work on various sites and these mechanisms look for different properties. Different and unique information comes from all of the mechanisms. Dr. Lockhart showed a slide of a groundpenetrating radar. It reflects off of things in the ground. He then showed slides for a digital theodolite total station and a survey grid. The next slide showed an example map

of how the results look when they come back as data. The next few slides were of what different types of graves look like in a cemetery using this equipment. Dr. Lockhart showed slides of maps of Pioneer Cemetery at Old Washington and of some prehistoric sites. Dr. Lockhart stated that if anyone has projects they know about, maybe there is a way to work together with the Arkansas Archeological Survey project associated with the Civil War. John Scott asked how open the site needs to be. Dr. Lockhart stated that he needs to be able to walk in straight lines and can not be done in densely wooded areas. Bill Black stated that Fort Smith NHS is basically expanding two projects. Keith Jefferson stated that they are getting some exhibits up at Buffalo River. They want to focus more on community impacts. John Scott added that the historic telegraph road should be a major feature we should discuss. Richard Davies stated that he talked to Mark Christ about a project related to Arkansas River. He wanted to know how to get information about Civil War action along the Arkansas River. Mark Christ stated that it would be a research project. He also added that there is a database on the ACWSC website could help with that. We can just put in the counties along the river. Mayor Crabtree thanked the commission. He also added that all of the streets in town are named after Pea Ridge battle participants except for one. He stated that a number of locals have connections to Civil War. Tommy Dupree expressed his appreciation for the Mayor having the Commission as guests in Pea Ridge. Jon Woods, legislator for Springdale, stated that he was excited because everybody here knows so much. He commended them on a good job. Jim Williams, chairman of the Pea Ridge Foundation said they have 2 more festivals remaining for June 2011 and 2012. He then thanked the commission for coming to Pea Ridge. Tommy Dupree adjourned the day s portion of the meeting to go to Pea Ridge National Military Park for a tour of the battlefield and visitor center.