UNIT 1 A Changing World
TOPICS TO COVER I. The Renaissance II. The Protestant Reformation ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS SOCIETY: Is change necessary for the advancement of society? Why do societies change or remain stagnant? How do societies change? ART/TECHNOLOGY: Why do we create art? What values do art express about a culture? How do art and culture influence each other? How does technology help shape history? TIME: How does the Renaissance lead to the Protestant Reformation? How do the Renaissance and Protestant Reformation lead to the Age of Discovery? SKILL-BUILDING IN UNIT 1 1. Annotating text 2. Reading maps 3. Reading political cartoons 4. Building timelines 5. Using a compass (directions/orientation) 6. Analyzing art 7. Analyzing non-fiction text 8. Organizing writing
10 MAP OF EUROPE (PG. 6) A D 9 1 2 3 4 5 C 8 B BODIES OF WATER E 6 7 F A. Atlantic Ocean D. Bay of Biscay EUROPEAN COUNTRIES Country Capital 1. Ireland Dublin 2. United Kingdom/ England B. North Sea E. Mediterranean Sea C. English Channel F. Adriatic Sea London 3. Netherlands Amsterdam 4. Belgium Brussels 5. Germany Berlin 6. Switzerland Bern 7. Italy Rome 8. France Paris 9. Spain Madrid 10. Portugal Lisbon
TAKE OUT YOUR UNIT 1 PACKET 1. Turn to pg. 7 2. Title it: Renaissance Movements 3. Circle the numbers (1-3) 4. Fill out the orientation. The top center is N. Write this in small handwriting under Summary/ Explanation. There are 3 parts to a good, basic map: (1) the title tells you what its about (2) the legend/key tells you what things mean (3) the orientation tells you where you are W 3. Orientation NW SW N S NE SE E
RENAISSANCE MOVEMENTS 2. Legend/Key Start of Renaissance (Italian Ren.) Spread of Renaissance (Northern Ren.) Summary/Explanation 2 parts to Renaissance Started in Italy (1350s) Italian Ren. Spread to other parts of Europe Northern Ren. 1. England/UK (UK) 2. France (Fr.) 3. Germany (Ger.) 4. Netherlands (Neth.) 5. Portugal (Port.) 6. Spain (Sp.)
1. What was the direct cause of the Renaissance? a. What was it? Who fought? Over what? 2. How did the Crusades lead to the Renaissance (in your own words)? a. What did European soldiers bring back? TURN TO PG. 8 YOUR ANNOTATIONS
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 3. What were the other main causes of the Renaissance? 4. How did the Plague lead to the Renaissance? a. What did it do to Europe s population? b. What did people want from the pope?
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 5. How did the Spanish Inquisition lead to the Renaissance? a. What was it? Why might it scare people away from the Church?
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 6. How did the forgery of the Donation of the Constantine lead to the Renaissance? a. Who did the Donation give power to? Why would that be important?
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 7. What did ordinary people start focusing on? a. What were Erasmus and Machiavelli known for? 8. What were important inventions that were made? a. Why was the printing press important? b. Why was the telescope important? 9. What was happening to art during the Renaissance? a. Who were some famous artists? b. What new techniques were used? 10. What did the Renaissance lead to? a. What will the Protestant Reformation do to the Church?
TURN TO PG. 9 OF YOUR UNIT 1 PACKET (IF YOUR HANDWRITING IS LARGE, TAKE OUT ANOTHER SHEET OF PAPER) Characteristics of Medieval Art Purpose: To teach religion to people who cannot read or write. 1. Mostly religious 2. Figures look flat/stiff; little real movement 3. Important figures are large 4. Fully clothed; stiff-looking clothes 5. Faces are serious; little emotion 6. Paintings use vibrant colors 7. Backgrounds were a single color (gold); not realistic Characteristics of Renaissance art Purpose: To show the importance of people and nature, not just religion. 1. Religious AND nonreligious 2. Subjects look perfect 3. Bodies look active, moving 4. Bodies may be nude or clothed 5. Real people doing normal things 6. Faces express what people are thinking 7. Interest in nature; lots of detail 8. Full backgrounds with perspective (3D) 9. Paintings are symmetrical (balanced on both sides)
ITALIAN VS. NORTHERN RENAISSANCE ART Italian Geometric figures (triangles) Human anatomy Contrast (light vs. dark) to show 3D figures Nudity Human perfection - Used religious scenes - Had artistic centers: Italy and Belgium Northern Focused on daily human tasks Humans did not look perfect Extremely detailed (naturalism) Used woodcutting
UNDERSTANDING IMPORTANT ARTWORK TITLE ARTIST / YEAR OF 1. Vitruvian Man CREATION Da Vinci 1490 DESCRIPTION Drawing showing two men with their arms and legs stretched out to show the proportion of man IMPORTANCE Use of geometry (circle, square, proportions) Shows human body (human anatomy humanism) 1. David Michelangelo 1504 17ft. tall statue showing the biblical story of a teenage David before his fight with Goliath. Displays quiet strength Shows the perfect human body (human anatomy humanism) Uses linear perspective 1. Mona Lisa Da Vinci 1517 A woman sitting for a portrait, with an unfinished background Use of linear perspective (eyes, background) Secret smile 1. Creation of Adam (Sistine Chapel) Michelangelo 1511 God creating Adam (from the Book of Genesis in the Bible) right before he is complete. Shows relationship between God and humans, predicting that Adam would sin (limp finger) Use of geometry (triangles) Adam is seen as independent of God because he seems to not care about God s touch (humanism) 1. The Last Supper Da Vinci 1498 Jesus last supper with his apostles (close followers) before he would be killed (from the Gospels in the Bible) Shows them reacting right after Jesus has told them that one of them would betray him. Shows human emotion Use of linear perspective
Last Supper Symmetry Beauty of human body Religious scene Movement/ Perspective Detailed Daily task Intellectual movement David School of Athens
STUDY TREE (RENAISSANCE) PG. 13 BRANCHES = effects of the Renaissance A study tree is a basic way to help you study a topic. Our topic is the Renaissance. TRUNK = events that took place during the Renaissance You start from the roots and work your way up to the branches. ROOTS = causes of the Renaissance
STUDY TREE RENAISSANCE Humanism (humans become more important) Printing press Vernacular languages R e n a i s s a n c e Art (da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael) Telescope Education The Crusades Black Plague Spanish Inquisition Donation of the Constantine
RENAISSANCE PRESENTATIONS REVIEW REMEMBER: Your job is to make sure everyone in the class completely understands the information you have. REMEMBER: You are supposed to (1) translate your information into your own words (2) explain why it is important for us to know this for the Renaissance (3) give an example to help us understand the lines OR go into detail about the topic, if you can. You may ask your audience questions. 1. Pg. 8: Lines 1-25 2. Pg. 8: Lines 26-36 and all of pg. 7 3. Pg. 8: Lines 37-55 4. Pg. 9: All 5. Pg. 10: All 6. Pg. 11: Lines 1-20 7. Pg. 11: Lines 21-37 8. Pg. 11: Lines 38-58 9. Pg. 12: Lines 1-7 and 25-34 10. Pg. 12: Lines 35-46
PG. 8: 1-25
PG. 8: LINES 1-25
PG. 8: 26-36 AND PG. 7
PG. 8: 26-36 AND PG. 7
PG. 8: 26-36 AND PG. 7
PG. 8: 37-55
PG. 8: 37-55
PG. 8: 37-55
PG. 11: LINES 1-20
PG. 11: LINES 21-37
PG. 11: LINES 38-58
PG. 12: LINES 1-7 AND 25-34 Humans cannot be trusted because they are: Ungrateful Fickle False Cowardly Covetous
PG. 12: LINES 35-46
DISCUSSION: PG. 15 1. What is the Protestant Reformation? What were some of its main causes? Which main cause does the political cartoon illustrate? How do you know? 2. What time preceded the Protestant Reformation? What happened to Europe during this time period? WYCLIFFE: 1 st to translate Bible into vernacular (1300s) HUS: 1 st to fight to break away from Church (1400s)
DISCUSSION 3. Who was Martin Luther? What were the 95 Theses? Why was he excommunicated from the Church? What is Lutheranism? 4. What united Europe before the Pro. Ref.? Who controlled kings before the Reformation? Why did kings allowed themselves to be overruled? 5. What was the Counter- Reformation? 6. What were the Wars of Religion? What happened to Europe during this time? 7. What were some effects of the Pro. Ref.?
TURN TO PG. 17 DO NOT WRITE UNTIL I SAY SO Christianity Any religion that believes that Jesus Christ is their Savior Catholicism The first official Christian religion Believes the pope is the head of the Church and speaks for God Follows the Bible and other books to teach followers Europe s only religion for 1000 years before the Pro. Ref. Does not believe in divorce Catholicism Christianity Protestantism Lutherans Presbyterians Baptists Protestant Religions Any Christian religion that is not Catholic Does not follow the pope Methodists Jehovah s Witnesses
Name of Denomination PROTESTANT DENOMINATIONS Who started it? When? Description Lutheranism Calvinism Anabaptism Martin Luther 1517 John Calvin 1531 Ulrich Zwingli / George Blaurock 1519 First Protestant religion; started in Germany and spreads north God s mercy comes through faith alone ( justification by faith alone ), not by doing good works ; takes the Bible literally; belief in Trinity, infant baptism, and Hell; you can mix religion and politics; rejects the pope Follows the Bible and Institutes of the Christian Religion by John Calvin (1536); started in Switzerland Belief in predestination (God knows if you re going to Heaven/Hell before you are born); rejects the idea of leisure time (free time) to have fun; rejects the pope; follows many Lutheran beliefs Started in Switzerland; considered the most persecuted (bullied) Christian group Belief in full-body baptism; rejects infant baptism; belief in Bible as the only source of truth; belief that people should choose religion; belief in separation of politics and religion; opposed war; rejects the pope Anglicanism King Henry VIII of England 1534 Started in England when King Henry wanted a divorce from his wife but the pope refused it he broke away and made himself the leader of his church Follows the Bible and The 39 articles of Religion and Book of Common Prayer ; rejects the pope
TITLE: WARS OF RELIGIONS SUMMARY/EXPLANATION During the Wars of Religions (WoR), European countries had civil wars about religions Religions that took over: 1. Catholics: Ita., Port., Sp., Fr., Ire. 2. Calvinist: Swit. 3. Lutheran: Ger., Neth., Bel. 4. Anglican: UK Catholic Calvinist Lutheran Anglican Fighting between religions during WoR colored circles are the losers
TURN TO PG. 19 Background Started because of the Pro. Ref. each religion wanted to dominate their country The pope refused to give power to other religions Wars between Catholics and Protestants, and Protestants and Protestants all over Europe from 1524-1648 4 major wars took place: German Peasants War, French Wars of Religion, Thirty Years War, and the English Civil War Thirty Years War Took place from 1618-1648 Started because a Catholic king s men were defenestrated (thrown out the window) onto horse excrements (poo) by Protestants Other European countries became involved because they wanted to back each side up Led to destruction of land, lots of famine (hunger) and disease, and it bankrupted most countries that were involved Ended with the Treaty of Westphalia French Wars of Religions Took place in France from 1562-1598 Huguenots (French Calvinists) were massacred (killed) by Catholics (30, 000 Huguenots dead) Many French Catholics were horrified and saw their religion as bloody and converted (changed) religions Ended with the Treaty of Nantes which gave Huguenots equal rights with Catholics Treaty of Westphalia Was signed in 1648 in Westphalia, Germany Was an agreement to end the Wars of Religion Signed by France, Spain, Germany, etc. Some effects were (1) people could choose their own religions, (2) the pope was now weaker because he had no power over kings, and (3) people began to identify themselves by their nationality (country of origin) rather than by their religion.
PG. 20 WRITTEN SUMMARY CAUSES: The Pro. Ref. was an important cause because French WoR W o R 30 Yrs. War The pope not wanting to share power was a cause because EVENTS: The French WoR was an important event because The 30 Years War was an important event because EFFECTS: The Treaty of Nantes was an important effect because The Treaty of Westphalia was an important effect because
ANGLICANISM Started by Henry VIII when he was denied a divorce. Starts the Anglican Church (aka Episcopal Church) More politically motivated than religiously motivated.
CATHERINE OF ARAGON ARTHUR WIDOWED
CATHERINE OF ARAGON BLOODY MARY HENRY VIII (MARRIES HIS DEAD BROTHER S WIFE) DIVORCED
WIFE #2: ANNE BOLEYN ELIZABETH I HENRY VIII (STARTS THE ANGLICAN CHURCH WHEN CHURCH REFUSES HIS DIVORCE FROM CATHERINE) BEHEADED CHEATED WITH BROTHER
HENRY VIII WIFE #3: JANE SEYMOUR SON: EDWARD VI DIED DURING CHILDBIRTH
WIFE #4: ANNE OF CLEVES HENRY VIII DIVORCED TOO UGLY
HENRY VIII WIFE #5: KATHERINE HOWARD BEHEADED CHEATING WITH BOYFRIEND
HENRY VIII WIFE #6: KATHERINE PARR DIED WIDOWED
ANABAPTISM Re-baptizer Most persecuted Protestant group Catholics and other Protestants attacked them BELIEFS 1. Belief in adult baptism 2. Equality of all members 3. Separation of Church and State 4. Did not bear arms
IMPACT OF THE PRINTING PRESS (PG. 21) 1. Who benefitted from the invention of the printing press? How did it lead to a more literate public? What were 2 unforeseen effects from its invention? 2. How did its invention change science?
IMPACT OF THE PRINTING PRESS (PG. 21) 3. How did the invention impact the Protestant Reformation? Who had control of information before the printing press? Who inspired Luther? Why was Luther more successful than his inspirations? What problems did the printing press cause for the Church? 4. How does it impact the US today? Why is this considered one of the most important inventions of all time? According to the text (lines!), what are some ways that prove its impact? WYCLIFFE: 1 st to translate Bible into vernacular (1300s) HUS: 1 st to fight to break away from Church (1400s) LUTHER: 1 st successfully break break away from Church (1500s)
PG. 22 TREE / SUMMARY Kings get more power Counter-Reformation Wars of Religion P r o / R e f Nationality Printing press Treaty of Westphalia Great Schism CAUSES: The was an important cause because The was an important cause because EVENTS: The was an important event because The was an important event because EFFECTS: The was an important effect because The was an important effect because