SAINT EDMUND CAMPION HERO OF GOD S UNDERGROUND METHODOLOGY: Edmund Campion Hero of God s Underground by Harold C. Gardiner, S.J. is represented by the abbreviation EC. Each weekly assignment is summarized in the first line of the week s daily course plan. The specific daily assignments are outlined in the following lines indicated by the MON, TUES, WED, THUR and FRI abbreviations. The chapter study questions, vocabulary, and glossary are located in the Junior High Literature Study Question booklets available for purchase from. Answers should be given in complete written or oral sentences. EXTRA CREDIT Our author Harold C. Gardiner, S. J.--a Jesuit like Father Campion--tells us in his Author s Note that he has here and there modernized some of Father Campion s speeches, to make them more intelligible to us today. Father Campion spoke English, of course, but he spoke a version of it that is now centuries old, and many words used then are not used now, or are not used in the same way, and many others have been introduced since that time. Read over the original text of Campion s Brag (as found in the Appendix) and write it out in your own words. What is Father saying? How would we say it today? EC MON TUES WEEK 1 Chapters 1-6. Have the student look up all the vocabulary words for Chapters 1-6 in the glossary prior to reading. Study questions may be completed as the student reads or at the end of the week when reading has been completed. Written Assignment: We always want to serve God and avoid sin, but we do not always achieve this goal. When we take the wrong path or do the wrong thing, should we just give up? Is it game over for us? Using Edmund Campion s early experience at Oxford University as an example, explain why not. Read Author s Note and Chapter 1 and answer Study Questions. Chapter 1. Queen Elizabeth had suppressed Catholicism in England, persecuting all Catholics and especially the priests. Edmund Campion, a Jesuit priest and Ralph Emerson, a Jesuit brother, were coming back to England under the disguises of Mr. Edmunds, a jewel merchant, and Ralph, his manservant, in order to do missionary work and support the Catholics. They were very much aware that there were spies everywhere trying to find them. They were delayed in Dover when they got off the boat but were let go. They took a boat to London where they were met by Thomas Jay, a nobleman and member of the Catholic Club, an organization of young Catholic men whose mission was to serve the priests. He took them to the house of George Gilbert, a former Calvinist who had been converted to Catholicism and was a member of the Club. He explained that they were to meet Fr. Robert Persons and design a plan of action to help Catholics who were confused about what was going on. In the meantime, the police had figured out that Mr. Edmunds was really Fr. Edmund Campion. George Eliot, a professed Catholic who had lost favor with the authorities, decided he would track down Campion, turn him over, and regain the graces of the authorities. Read Chapters 2-3 and answer Study Questions. Chapter 2. What were the circumstances Father Campion was facing? How did he come to be in his present situation? When the Pope would not give King Henry VIII an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon so he could marry Ann Boleyn, he broke with the Church. He became the head of the Church of England and took Copyright 2005 All Rights Reserved St. Edmund Campion CC1 Rev. 2/20/2009
WED possession of much of the wealth of the Catholic Church. His daughter and successor to the throne, Queen Elizabeth, began a persecution of the Church and forced everyone in public office to take an oath of loyalty. Edmund was a highly intelligent student at Oxford thirteen years prior to his return to England in Chapter 1. While he was at Oxford, the Queen came to look for young men who would be ordained in her new religion and was impressed with Edmund. She chose him to become a priest and he accepted. He had not been raised as a Catholic and had already taken the oath, so that didn t bother him. The Queen made her advisers, Lord Leicester and Sir William Cecil, his patrons. In his studies, Edmund began reading the Fathers of the Church and realized that the Pope of Rome was the true head of the Church founded by Christ. His friend, Gregory Martin, who had left and England to become a priest at Douai in Flanders, urged him to come back into the Church. Edmund went to Ireland and wrote a book, The History of Ireland. When a false rumor began that Spain was planning to invade Ireland, Sir Cecil convinced the Queen to enforce the laws against Catholics more strictly in Ireland. Edmund had been very open in his doubts about the spiritual supremacy of the Queen and had to go into hiding. He left Ireland and went across the Channel. Lord Leicester angrily told the Queen of the betrayal and departure of Edmund. The Queen did not give up on him and said, He is a champion, our Campion, and the stuff that heroes are made of. Chapter 3. Gregory Martin greeted Edmund on his arrival in Douai, and he soon met Dr. William Allen, the rector of the seminary which was known as the seed bed of martyrs. Young Englishmen who were no longer allowed to study for the priesthood in England fled to Douai become priests. Most went back to England and many died a martyr s death. After studying there for two years, he went to Rome to apply for admission into the Society of Jesus, the Jesuits. When finished with his studies, he was ordained and was assigned to a teaching position. His real desire was to go back to England as a missionary. After Campion taught for six years, the Jesuits granted Dr. Allen s request to have English Jesuits return home as missionaries. Fr. Campion, Fr. Persons, and Brother Ralph were among those who were to leave for England in disguise. There were English spies watching who sent word back to the secret police that priests would be attempting to sneak into the country. On their trip to the ports, the missionaries were blessed by two men who would one day be canonized saints, Philip Neri and Cardinal Charles Borromeo, Bishop of Milan. On the way to England, Campion offered himself up freely to God knowing the possibility of his being put to death for the Faith. Read Chapters 4-5 and answer Study Questions. Chapter 4. Lord Leicester had heard about the Jesuits and was furious that they had gotten back into the country. George Eliot came to him with a plot to capture Fr. Campion. Eliot went through the Catholic community in search of Fr. Campion telling everyone that he was Catholic and wanted to hear the famous priest preach. Fr. Campion and Brother Ralph met up with Fr. Persons in order to go to the places where Catholics were and try to clear up the confusion in the minds of the laity and even of the priests. Chapter 5. At a meeting of the members of the Catholic Club, Thomas Pounde, a man who had been imprisoned for many years because he refused to give up the Faith, burst in and let Fr. Campion and Fr. Persons know that the Queen and Lord Leicester were sending out word throughout the country that the Jesuits were traitors who were telling the people to revolt against the Queen and join the Spaniards in the takeover of the realm. Pounde told the priests to write down all of the reasons for coming back and that they had no intentions of meddling in political affairs, so that if they were arrested, he would get the word out to everyone in the country. If they stated their intentions before being caught, it would strengthen the faith of the people. The priests sat down and wrote as it was suggested. Pounde, who had bribed the jailers to let him out for a while took the papers back to prison with him. Impulsively, he read what Fr. Campion wrote. Later he read the last of it to all the Catholic prisoners. It was a beautiful call to hope and courage, a challenge, and a dare for all. Pounde called Fr. Copyright 2005 All Rights Reserved St. Edmund Campion CC2 Rev. 2/20/2009
THUR FRI Campion s statement Campion s Brag. The statement was copied and passed around to all Catholics who obtained new heart and hope. When Lord Leicester read it, he was more determined than ever to stop the Jesuits. Read Chapter 6 and answer Study Questions. Chapter 6. Fr. Campion and Gervase Pierrepoint, a member of the Catholic Club and his companion, went to the homes of prominent Catholics where they would be taken into an inner room for Father to instruct the people, hear Confessions, say Mass, distribute Communion, and strengthen the people in the Faith. The Catholics began to boldly profess the Faith and were even willing to suffer for it. Almost every house had a priest hole, a place where the priest could hide if the police came. The two priests met in London later, and Fr. Persons told of his meeting with John Shakespeare. The man had abandoned the Faith and went to the new church. After Father talked to him and gave him a prayer card that Cardinal Borromeo had given him, the man went to Confession and was determined to remain faithful. John was the father of William Shakespeare. Work on written assignment. Notes WEEK 2 Chapters 7-12. Have the student look up all the vocabulary words for Chapters 7-12 in the glossary prior to reading. Study questions may be completed as the student reads or at the end of the week when reading has been completed. Written Assignment: The expense is reckoned; the enterprise is begun; it is of God, if it cannot be withstood. So the faith was planted; so it must be restored. Thus wrote Father Campion in his Brag. What does he mean here? What expense is he talking about? Use the description of the end of his life to provide at least two specific examples of how he eventually had to pay for his devotion to Christ. Read Chapters 7-8 and answer Study Questions. Chapter 7. Fr. Campion s Brag had been distributed throughout England, giving great strength to the Catholics. He now was writing Ten Reasons, a booklet giving ten arguments to prove that the Catholic Church, of which the Pope is the visible head, is the Church Our Lord founded. It was necessary to have a printing press to be able to make enough copies to distribute to the Faithful. Fr. Persons was able to get what he needed over a period of time. Members of the Catholic Club sent him to Mr. Watfarer, a man who lived a distance from London and who had a room that could be used for the press. Mr. Watfarer gladly took the risk, MON Fr. Campion was called back from his current mission to proof read the booklet, and men from the Club printed it and got it ready to go. Many of the booklets were put in the church of St. Mary where commencement exercises for Oxford would be held. Because of this Leicester was given a copy and was furious and more than ever determined to catch Fr. Campion. He knew about Fr. Persons and knew him to be the planner, but was convinced that Fr. Campion was the more dangerous of the two because he stirred the imagination of the people. Chapter 8. As Fr. Campion and Brother Ralph were going north on a mission, Father wanted to visit Mr. Yate s old mother at the Grange. Yate was Copyright 2005 All Rights Reserved St. Edmund Campion CC3 Rev. 2/20/2009
TUES in prison for his Faith and his mother had taken in two priests who were in hiding and some nuns who had been turned out of their convent. They asked Fr. Persons for permission to go there; he made Brother Ralph the temporary superior of Fr. Campion in order to keep him from doing anything rash and allowed them to go. Fr. Campion in humility was happy with the arrangement. Fr. Campion gave them all they wanted but only stayed over night. As Father and Brother Ralph were sitting in an inn, one of the priests charged in and told Father he had to come back because the word had gotten around and many people had gathered to see and hear him. It was decided that Ralph would ride ahead and get some papers for Father, and Father would go back to the Grange. William Harrison was there with his friend, John Yate and many others. For two days Father heard confessions, gave guidance, and preached. George Eliot was on Father s trail, and pretending to be a faithful Catholic, attended a Mass and had the priests arrested. Then Eliot went to the Grange and convinced the cook who knew him that he was a Catholic and wanted to go to Sunday Mass. The cook did not know that Eliot was a spy and excitedly told him that Fr. Campion was there to say Mass; he went to get permission for Eliot to come in. Eliot sent his man to get the police to come and arrest Father. He left immediately after Mass to go meet the sheriff and the armed force. Read Chapters 9-10 and answer Study Questions. Chapter 9. William Harrington and John Yate saw a cloud of dust on the road and realized it was the police. They warned everyone in the house, and all three priests hid in the priest hole. A thorough search was made of the house, and they were not found. While hiding, the priests heard each others confessions to prepare for a possible capture. Finally, late in the afternoon, the police left and Mrs. Yate let the priests out. Eliot was furious. He yelled at the police and accused them of not trying hard enough. He insisted that they go back in the house. There was no time to get the priests back where they were so Mrs. Yate hid them in another priest hole by her bedroom. They were undetected all through the night and until the next afternoon. As the police were leaving, Eliot saw a chink of light, used a crowbar, broke down the wall, and found the priests. The priests were calm and courteous through the whole process. Seven gentlemen and two servants were taken to London with them. On the trip to London, Father Campion told Eliot that he forgave him, and asked him to come to confession so he could absolve him, which, of course, Eliot refused to do. At one stop, Fr. Campion recognized one of Fr. Persons servants whom he knew was sent to check things out. Fr. Campion winked and smiled at him. The servant reported back to Fr. Persons that Fr. Campion was carefree and joking. Fr. Persons predicted that before long they would be able to pray through the intercession of Fr. Edmund Campion, priest and martyr. Fr. Persons was never allowed to die for the Faith; he was recalled to Rome. It was arranged for the prisoners to walk through London during the busy hours so they could be jeered at and called traitors by the crowds. As Fr. Campion was locked in the prison, he forgave his guards and implored them to come back to the true Faith and promised he would pray for them, the Queen, and all of her ministers. He announced that he was a loyal Englishman, and if he were killed it was because he was a Catholic and a priest. Locked in the Tower, Fr. Campion prayed for the strength to endure the tortures he was sure would come. His constant prayer was, Not my will but Thine be done. Chapter 10. Sir Owen Hopton, the warden of the Tower, anxious to please Leicester and the Queen, had decided to be as severe as he could with Fr. Campion. He first put Fr. Campion in Little Ease, a cell so small that a prisoner couldn t stand upright or lie down at full length. When he taunted Father, Father said that although he was fearful, he would not betray his Lord or his Catholic friends. Father also asked why he was being subjected to torture without a trial. Father was kept crouching in a bent-over position for more than three days. When Father was taken out of Little Ease, to his surprise, he was taken to Lord Leicester s house and taken to a room where Lord Leicester, the Earl of Bedford, two secretaries of state, and Queen Elizabeth were present. The Queen offered him the Copyright 2005 All Rights Reserved St. Edmund Campion CC4 Rev. 2/20/2009
WED THUR favor of advancing him in the service of the Church of England if he would make a public declaration that he had abandoned the Church of Rome. The alternative was death. Father chuckled because it had now been proven he was to die because he was a Catholic and a priest, not a traitor. He made a beautiful response that ended with, I remain true to Christ and His Church. Father was taken back to the Tower and five days later, Sir Hopton received an order from the Queen s Council to start the torture by which it was hoped to break Father s spirit. Read Chapters 11-12 and answer Study Questions. Chapter 11. Fr. Campion was back in his cell from July 25 to September 1 during which time he was tortured on the rack four times and examined in an attempt to get him to tell the names of those in whose homes he had said Mass and the names of those he brought back to the Church. During that time, the Queen s agents sent out false rumors that he had accepted the Church of England, causing confusion among Catholics. Although he had revealed nothing, the jailers made up names and released them saying that Father had revealed them. On September 1, Father and other priests and Catholic prisoners were taken to the chapel for examinations. Father was questioned and treated unfairly and rightly accused the examiners of conducting an unfair trial. Philip, Lord of Arundel, was present at the unfair trial of Fr. Campion. Because of Father s statement that if they could prove him guilty of any crime except his religion, he would be willing to suffer any torture, young Philip gave up his life of pleasure and extravagance and became a Roman Catholic. After the first examination, the conferences were held in a smaller room so the public could be excluded and not hear Father s answers that embarrassed the judges. Even after the third and fourth examinations, although broken in body, Father Campion held his own with the judges. News had leaked out to the people who began to openly jeer at the mockery going on. Ballads were being sung that called Campion the champion. The Privy Council decided to stop the theological discussions and put Father on public trial. On November 14, Father stood before the bar and proclaimed his innocence of treason. The government knew they had to condemn him for treason because if he were put to death for being a papist and a priest, the Catholics would be strengthened by the death of a new martyr. He pled not guilty to all charges. The trial began on November 20. He was charged with a conspiracy to murder the Queen and getting foreigners to invade the country, and that he was sent to England to stir up unrest. False witnesses including George Eliot claimed that Father Campion told them about the plots. Father was not allowed to call any witnesses, and the trial was over. As expected Father Edmund Campion was convicted of treason and sentenced to death. He gave a wonderful testimony in which he told the judges that in condemning him they were condemning all their own ancestors who had believed as he did in the supremacy of the See of Peter. He was to be hanged, let down while still alive, his entrails taken out and burned in his sight, his head cut off, and his body to be cut into four parts. His response was to sing in triumph the Te Deum laudamus we praise you, O God. Chapter 12. During the eleven days that Father Campion was kept in jail after the trial, George Eliot came to see him. He apologized to him for what he had done but would not go far enough to come back into the Church. He was really looking for help from Father because he was afraid he would be killed for his part in the conviction of the priest. Father explained that Catholics do not seek revenge. The jailer who witnessed Father s kindness and charity toward Eliot became a Catholic. Father was led to his execution which was done in the most humiliating fashion possible. It was a great entertainment for the people. Before he died, those responsible tried to get him to deny his Faith, which he did not do. He did forgive his enemies as Christ did. Read Afterward and answer Study Questions. Present at the execution was William Harrington who, because of the influence of Fr. Campion, became a priest, did the same kind of missionary work as Fathers Campion and Persons, and like Fr. Campion was executed. Henry Walpole who had been Copyright 2005 All Rights Reserved St. Edmund Campion CC5 Rev. 2/20/2009
FRI playing down his Catholic Faith was there with his friends. Fr. Campion s witness gave him the courage to change his life, become a priest and also be executed for the crime of being a Catholic and a priest. Work on written assignment. Notes WEEK 3 Book Report and Final Exam. This week s main focus should be on composition. The student should focus on the writing and perfecting of the book report; more than one draft may be necessary. This assignment can be applied to the composition grade. Please see the syllabus portion of the Literature course for guidance on writing a book report appropriate for 7 th or 8 th grade. Copyright 2005 All Rights Reserved St. Edmund Campion CC6 Rev. 2/20/2009
ASSIGNMENT ANSWER KEY WEEK 1 Written Assignment: We always want to serve God and avoid sin, but we do not always achieve this goal. When we take the wrong path or do the wrong thing, should we just give up? Is it game over for us? Using Edmund Campion s early experience at Oxford University as an example, explain why not. Campion, a brilliant and promising young scholar at one of the most prestigious universities in the world, actually took the oath of supremacy and was ordained a deacon in Elizabeth s church. He realized that he had started down the wrong path, however, and he took steps to amend this situation. Changing our life and repenting entails going to the Sacrament of Confession and receiving absolution. It also entails atoning for sin--that is, making up for it--and Father Campion atoned all the way to martyrdom. Today, he is not remembered as the young man who did the wrong thing, but as Campion the Champion --who he truly is. WEEK 2 Written Assignment: The expense is reckoned; the enterprise is begun; it is of God, it cannot be withstood. So the faith was planted; so it must be restored. Thus wrote Father Campion in his Brag. What does he mean here? What expense is he talking about? Use the description of the end of his life to provide at least two specific examples of how he eventually had to pay for his devotion to Christ. In saying that the expense is reckoned, Father Campion meant that he already understands what may befall him, if accepts the call to become a Jesuit missionary in England. He is not ignorant of the fact that he may very well be captured, tortured, and unjustly put to death. He is explaining that he has already taken stock of this situation, has accepted it by placing it in God s hands, and is already moving forward on that selfsame path. Examples of what he had to go through may vary, and may include his alarm and discomfort in the priest hole, the torment of Little Ease and the rack, being unfairly treated during his trial, and of course his final, awful martyrdom. Copyright 2005 All Rights Reserved St. Edmund Campion CC Rev. 2/20/2009
FINAL EXAM Part I: Identify. Give a description and brief character analysis of each of the characters. (2 points each) 1. Edmund Campion 11. Thomas Pounde 2. Ralph Emerson 12. John Shakespeare 3. Thomas Jay 13. Mr. Watfarer 4. George Gilbert 14. William Harrington 5. Fr. Robert Persons 15. John Yate 6. George Eliot 16. Mrs. Yate 7. Lord Leicester 17. Sir Owen Hopton 8. Sir William Cecil 18. Philip, Earl of Arundel 9. Gregory Martin 19. Henry Walpole 10. Dr. William Allen Part II: Short Answer. Answer in complete sentences giving as much detail as possible. OMIT ONE or do all for extra credit. (2 points each) 1. Who is the author of Edmund Campion, Hero of God s Underground? 2. What was the Catholic Club? 3. How did Edmund catch the eye of Queen Elizabeth? What caused him to rethink his position with the Queen? 4. Why did Campion have to go to Douai to study for the priesthood and why was the seminary there known as the seedbed of martyrs? Why did Campion leave Douai and go to Rome? 5. What did Thomas Pounde call Fr. Campion s statement about the reasons he returned to England? 6. What was the result of the distribution of copies of Fr. Campion s statement? 7. Explain how John Shakespeare came back to the Faith. 8. Why did Fr. Persons think it necessary to have a printing press? 9. Why did Lord Leicester think Fr. Campion was more of a threat than Fr. Persons? 10. Why did Fr. Persons make Brother Ralph Fr. Campion s superior? 11. How was George Eliot able to get into the Yate house for Mass? 12. Tell how Fr. Campion was finally captured. 13. While imprisoned, what was Fr. Campion s constant prayer? 14. Where was Father Campion taken from the Tower and why? 15. Why did Father think he had won? 16. Why did George Eliot go to see Fr. Campion in the Tower? 17. What was the result of William Harrington s involvement with Fr. Campion? Part III: Essay. This should be a minimum of three paragraphs with examples or quotes from the text to support your answer. (30 points) Choose one or two of the people who were greatly influenced by Fr. Edmund Campion and go into detail about how lives were changed because of the holy priest. Copyright 2005 All Rights Reserved St. Edmund Campion CC Rev. 2/20/2009
FINAL EXAM ANSWER KEY Part I: Identify. (2 points each) 1. Edmund Campion Jesuit priest and hero of the book. He was a highly intelligent young man who was headed for great things in the court of Queen Elizabeth I of England. If he had denied his Catholic Faith, taken a vow of supremacy to the Queen and the Church of England, and become a priest in the false religion, he would have been richly rewarded. Instead, he went to France, studied, became a Catholic priest, sneaked back into England, and ended up being a martyr of the Faith. 2. Ralph Emerson Jesuit brother and companion of Fr. Campion. Brother Ralph sneaked into England with Fr. Campion and aided him in his mission to instruct the Catholics. 3. Thomas Jay son of a nobleman, member of the Catholic Club. The Catholic Club was founded to aid in hiding the underground priests in their mission to evangelize the laity. Jay was the member who helped Fr. Campion and Brother Ralph when they first got into England and took them to the home of George Gilbert. 4. George Gilbert member of the Catholic Club; converted from Calvinism to Catholicism. He had converted in France, went back to England and used his great wealth to support the mission of the priests. 5. Fr. Robert Persons co-worker of Fr. Campion. He had taken the vow of supremacy but converted back into the Church. He was a younger co-worker of Fr. Campion, and at Fr. Campion s request he was made the superior. He had great organizational skills and was less daring than Fr. Campion. 6. George Eliot Catholic who was in trouble with the authorities and wanted to regain their good will. He was a self-seeking individual who made it his aim to capture Fr. Campion so he could gain favor with the court. He knew what he was doing was wrong but continued to pursue the priests. 7. Lord Leicester adviser to Queen Elizabeth. He was a patron of Campion when Campion was at Oxford and at the request of the Queen. He became furious when he found out that Campion had found out that Campion was returning to the Catholic Church and was determined to find and execute him. 8. Sir William Cecil adviser to the Queen. He wanted to be more severe to Catholics in Ireland, and supported Leicester in his quest for Campion. 9. Gregory Martin friend of Fr. Campions from Oxford, seminarian at Douai in Flanders with Campion. He stayed at Douai and worked on the English translation of Douai version of the Bible. 10. Dr. William Allen the rector of the seminary in Douai. He was instrumental in getting the Jesuit Father General to allow Campion to return to England. 11. Thomas Pounde Englishman jailed for years for refusing to deny the Faith. He was able to bribe the guards so he could get out of prison for a while. He warned Fr. Campion and the members of the Catholic Club that the Queen was plotting to catch them and charge them with treason. He talked Fr. Campion to write what became known as Campion s Brag. 12. John Shakespeare father of William Shakespeare. He had left the Faith and gone with the new church when Fr. Parsons visited Stratford-on-Avon on his mission. He came back into the Faith through Fr. Persons preaching. 13. Mr. Watfarer a Catholic who risked his life by allowing Fr. Persons to set up a printing press in his house. His home was secluded, and they were able to set up the press there to print the pamphlets needed to distribute to the Catholics. 14. William Harrington a young boy who was too young but wanted to be a member of the Catholic Club because of the good work they did and his admiration of Fr. Campion. He watched the execution of Fr. Campion, later went to France to become a priest, and returned to England to suffer a martyr s death. 15. John Yate young friend of William Harrington. He was with William in the Yate house when Eliot returned. They sounded the alarm so the priests could hide. Copyright 2005 All Rights Reserved St. Edmund Campion CC Rev. 2/20/2009
FINAL EXAM ANSWER KEY 16. Mrs. Yate old mother of Mr. Yate who was in prison because of his Faith. It was in her house that Fr. Campion had said the Mass with Eliot present. She was very brave Catholic who risked her life by hiding priests. 17. Sir Owen Hopton the warden of the Tower who was seeking advancement in the Queen s service. He decided to be zealous in his torture of Fr. Campion in order to impress the Queen. He taunted the priest while administering the most severe punishments. In the end he saw Fr. Campion s sanctity, asked for, and received pardon from Father. 18. Philip, Earl of Arundel young man who was present at the unfair trial of Fr. Campion. After hearing Fr. Campion s testimony, he gave up his life of extravagance and became a Roman Catholic. 19. Henry Walpole a young, nominally Catholic man who was at the execution of Fr. Campion. He converted, became a priest and was executed in the same way as Fr. Campion.. Part II: Short Answer. (2 points each) 1. Harold C. Gardiner, S.J. 2. a good-sized group of young noblemen who vowed their service to the priests 3. She visited Oxford when he was a student there, and recognizing his intelligence, she chose him to become a priest of her church. He began reading the Fathers of the Church and realized that the Pope of Rome, not the Queen of England, is the one who is head of the Church founded by Christ. 4. Young Englishmen were no longer allowed to study for the priesthood in England. Englishmen who were trained there were sent back to England and many of them suffered a martyr s death at the hands of the English. He wanted to become a member of the Society of Jesus, the Jesuits. 5. Campion s Brag. 6. Lord Leicester became more determined to capture him and all the Jesuits. 7. Fr. Persons met him, instructed him in the Faith, and gave him a prayer card that Cardinal Borromeo had given him. It was a last spiritual will, testament, confession, protestation, and confession of faith. 8. Fr. Campion had written a booklet, Ten Reasons, which gave ten arguments to prove that the Catholic Church, of which the Pope is the visible head, is the Church Our Lord founded, and Fr. Persons wanted it to be widely distributed. 9. Fr. Campion in his writings stirred the imagination of the people. 10. He did it to keep Fr. Campion from doing anything rash in his eagerness to help the Catholics. 11. The cook was a friend of his and did not know he was a spy. He got permission for him to come in for Mass. 12. While Father was at the Yate s house, George Eliot burst in with the police. When they couldn t find the priests at first, they returned and spent the night looking for them. Seeing a ray of light coming through a wall, Eliot broke it down, found the three priests and arrested them. 13. Not my will but Thine be done. 14. He was taken to Lord Leicester s house where Queen Elizabeth was waiting for him to get him to deny the Faith and save his life. 15. It had been proven that he was going to die, not because he was a traitor, but because he was a Catholic and a priest. 16. He was afraid Father s followers would kill him because of his false testimony against the priest 17. He became a priest, went back to England as a missionary, and was martyred in the same way as Father. Part III: Essay. (30 points) Answers will vary. Possibilities include: Copyright 2005 All Rights Reserved St. Edmund Campion CC Rev. 2/20/2009
FINAL EXAM ANSWER KEY William Harrington young boy who was so impressed by Fr. Campion that he became a priest and became a martyr for the Church in England Philip, Earl of Arundel young man who converted to Catholicism after hearing Fr. Campion s testimony at the unfair trial Henry Walpole a young, nominally Catholic man who was at the execution of Fr. Campion. He converted, became a priest, and was executed in the same way as Fr. Campion. The jailer who witnessed Father s kindness and charity toward Eliot became a Catholic Copyright 2005 All Rights Reserved St. Edmund Campion CC Rev. 2/20/2009