States Edition 2017 The Beehive State Established 1896 45th State women won the right to vote in 1870. The U.S. Congress took the right away in 1887, but granted it again in 1896. A woman was the first woman in the United States to cast a vote in a municipal (local) election. Butch Cassidy, one of America s most famous outlaws, was born in Beaver and escaped capture for years by hiding in s rugged canyons and mountains. has living bristlecone pines that are more than four thousand years old. The University of (established in 1850 as the University of Deseret) is the oldest university west of the Missouri River. The first transcontinental U.S. railroad was joined together at Promontory Summit on 10 May 1869. Brigham Young University has one of the largest late-jurassic dinosaur collections in the world. During World War II, the U.S. government interned about eight thousand Japanese Americans at Topaz, a camp near Delta. leads the nation in Jell-O gelatin consumption per person. And in 2001, Jell-O became the official state snack. The federal government owns 65 percent of. Federally-owned land includes mountains, deserts, forests, rangeland, and national parks. Climate is the second driest state in the United States (Nevada is the driest), but avalanches, mudslides, and flash floods are not uncommon. Precipitation ranges from 60 inches (152 centimeters) per year in the northern mountains to 8 inches (20 centimeters) per year in the Great Basin valleys. Near the Wasatch Mountains, the sun shines an average of 237 days per year. Summer high temperatures reach above 90 F (30 C) in July, and winter daytime highs average below 30 F (-1 C) in January. Average Seasonal High and Low Temperatures Spring: 64/36 F Summer: 89/56 F Fall: 66/38 F Winter: 41/20 F Geography 1
covers 84,904 square miles (219,900 square kilometers), the 13th largest state in the country. is derived from the Spanish word Yuta, or Ute; the Ute called themselves Nuche or the People. The Central Rocky Mountains, consisting of the Wasatch and Uinta ranges, are located in the northeast. About one-quarter of is forested. In the south lies the colorful, high-desert Colorado Plateau. This region features juniper- and piñon-covered desert mountains and deep, twisting canyons. The Colorado and Green Rivers run through this area. In the western part of the state, the Great Basin, or West Desert, consists of mountain ranges and desert valleys. is home to animals such as deer, elk, antelope, moose, bear, cougar, coyote, and beaver. There are also many fish and birds. has five national parks, eight national monuments (the newest of which is almost three times the size of Rhode Island), and 46 state parks. Resources and Economy In, most jobs are in service businesses such as computer support, health care, and restaurants. Trade, government, and manufacturing also provide jobs. Businesses benefit from a young and educated population. The state s high percentage of bilingual speakers (people who speak two languages) is also an advantage. ns produce computers, office equipment, construction machinery, rocket fuel, aircraft parts, and chemicals. Hay, wheat, and barley are important crops, as are vegetables and fruits such as onions, potatoes, apples, and cherries. Because of the dry climate, many farmers rely on irrigation (using a system of pumps and canals to get water to where it is needed). s mineral resources include shale oil, coal, natural gas, silver, and copper. Tourism also contributes to the economy, with ski resorts and national parks attracting visitors from around the world. Time Line Native American tribes inhabit what is now thousands of years before the arrival of European explorers, settlers, and missionaries AD 1700 AD 1765 Spaniard Juan Rivera explores southeastern 1776 Fathers Escalante and Dominguez, two Spanish priests, explore 1800 1821 Mexico wins independence from Spain and claims 1847 The first party of Mormon pioneers arrives in the Salt Lake Valley 1848 is given to the United States following the U.S. victory in the Mexican War 1850 The U.S. Congress creates the Territory of 2
1853 54 Ute Native Americans and settlers fight in the Walker War 1857 President James Buchanan hears rumors of a rebellion in and sends federal troops 1861 The first transcontinental telegraph comes to Salt Lake City 1865 68 Ute Native Americans and white settlers fight in the Black Hawk War 1869 The first transcontinental railroad is completed at Promontory Summit 1890 Mormon president Wilford Woodruff issues the Manifesto, which ends church-approved polygamy (marriage that includes more than two partners) 1896 becomes the 45th state 1900 3
1912 One of the first projects completed under the Newlands Reclamation Act of 1902 creates the Strawberry Reservoir in the Uintah Basin 1915 Joe Hill, labor activist and songwriter, is executed in 1933 is the deciding 36th state to ratify the constitutional repeal of prohibition (ban on alcohol) 1942 45 Topaz, a Japanese-American relocation camp, operates near Delta 1963 Upon completion of Glen Canyon Dam, Lake Powell begins filling up, eventually becoming the nation s second largest artificial lake 1982 The first artificial heart operation is performed at the University of Medical Center 1996 Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument is created 1997 ns celebrate the 150-year anniversary of the Mormon pioneers arriving in Salt Lake Valley 2000 4
2002 Salt Lake City hosts the Winter Olympic Games 2004 The state bans (outlaws) execution by firing squad for criminals on death row 2009 Governor John Huntsman Jr. becomes the United States Ambassador to China; he is succeeded by his Lieutenant Governor Gary Herbert 2015 Heavy rains cause flash floods in southern, killing at least 18 people PRESENT Native American Inhabitants s first-known inhabitants were hunter-gatherers who lived in the area thousands of years ago. Beginning around 400 BC, small clans of Ancestral Pueblo occupied the south. They built rock houses in cliffs and canyons. The Fremont groups of nomads (wanderers) and farmers lived in the central and northern regions. The Ancestral Pueblo and Fremont ate corn, beans, and squash. They also raised turkeys. By about 1500, the Ute, Paiute, Gosiute, Shoshone, and Navajo tribes had replaced the Ancestral Pueblo and Fremont, who had mysteriously left the area around 1300. The Ute and Shoshones lived in tepees. The Paiute and Gosiute lived in huts or wickiups (dome-shaped homes). Their diet consisted of nuts, seeds, and roots, as well as buffalo, deer, and rabbit. Some tribes ate corn and squash. Explorers Spaniards were the first-known Europeans to explore what eventually became the state of. Juan Rivera led at least two expeditions into the area of in 1765. He and his companions were the first non-native Americans to see the Colorado River. In 1776, Fathers Atanasio Domínguez and Silvestre de Escalante were looking for a route between New Mexico and California. From their expedition came an early map of the area and a journal kept by Father Escalante describing the landscape, the plants and animals, and the Ute and Paiute Indians. Later, trappers explored the area and what they learned was passed on to future settlers. Trapper Jim Bridger reported seeing the Great Salt Lake in 1824. Explorer John C. Frémont mapped trails and wrote about the Great Basin. Latter-day Saints s valleys were considered too dry to support large groups of people, so they remained unsettled until the 1840s, when Mormon pioneers arrived. Victims of persecution (being treated badly for what you believe) and violence, the Mormons left Illinois in the winter of 1846 to move their church (The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints) to the west. They followed their leader and prophet, Brigham Young, 1,500 miles (2,414 kilometers) to the Salt Lake Valley. By the end of 1847, some five thousand pioneers had already settled. For the next several decades, thousands of converts, mostly from Europe, came to in a steady stream. Brigham Young organized them into nearly four hundred communities in what are now five states. 5
White and Native American Relations Although white settlers and Native Americans generally got along in, conflicts sometimes arose as new settlements moved further onto lands formerly belonging to native tribes. Brigham Young asked settlers to treat the Native Americans well and to only defend themselves, but his followers didn t always do as he wished. In 1853, a white settler killed a relative of Chief Walkara. This action led to the Walker War. Both Mormons and Native Americans were killed in this yearlong conflict. Twelve years later, 70 settlers were killed in the longer and fiercer Black Hawk War (1865 68). The federal government eventually placed the Native Americans on reservations. World War II World War II had a dramatic effect on. Not only did many ns serve in the military, but thousands worked and trained at Hill Field and other military installations in the state during the war. Defense industries grew, giving s economy a big boost. From 1942 to 1945, was also the site of the Topaz Relocation Center, where thousands of Japanese Americans were forced to live after Japan attacked the United States at Pearl Harbor. The federal government feared that some of these ordinary Japanese Americans might be a threat to the country. As a result of being held captive, many of them ended up losing their homes and belongings. 2002 Olympic Games Salt Lake City hosted the 2002 Winter Olympic Games. Athletes from around the world came to compete against each other. In order to prepare for these events, the state built venues for the athletic contests, improved its transportation systems, and made plans to host the many visitors attending the Games. The Games were the largest event ever held in. Some four billion television viewers watched the events and 1.6 million tickets were sold. Population s population is growing quickly due to high birth rates, low death rates, and a healthy economy. In fact, grew by 22 percent in the 1990s. Most of the state s residents live in a narrow 80-mile (129-kilometer) urban (city) area called the Wasatch Front, extending through Weber, Davis, Salt Lake, and counties. The minority population is slowly changing as more people move to the state. The majority of ns are members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 6
Government Capital: Salt Lake City State Abbreviation: UT Governor: Gary Herbert (Republican) U.S. Senators: 2 Mike Lee (Republican) Orrin Hatch (Republican) U.S. Representatives: 4 Republicans: 4 State Senators: 29 State Representatives: 75 Counties: 29 s legislature (lawmaking body) meets for just 45 days each year. Its members often hold regular jobs while in office. s constitution outlaws polygamous or plural marriages. Famous People Roseanne Barr Maude Adams Actress Roseanne Barr Actress John Moses Browning Firearms designer Butch Cassidy Outlaw Stephen Covey Motivational speaker Philo T. Farnsworth Television inventor Jake Garn U.S. senator and astronaut Shannon Hale Author Ted Ligety Olympic and World Champion skier J. Willard Marriott Hotel chain founder Peter Skeen Ogden Explorer Donny Osmond Entertainer 7
Marie Osmond Singer and actress Robert Redford Actor Brigham Young Early prophet and leader of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Steve Young Professional football player Ted Ligety Marie Osmond Steve Young Native America Several Shoshone peoples lived in what is now before European settlers arrived. The four main groups were the Ute, Paiute, Goshute, and Shoshone tribes. The Shoshone were based in the north and northeast, the Ute in the east, the Paiute in the southwest, and the Goshute in the northwest. They lived off what plants they could gather such as nuts, roots, seeds, and berries and by hunting game such as rabbit and antelope. In the 1500s, these people were joined by the Navajo. The Navajo were buffalo hunters and sometimes clashed with their new neighbors, particularly the Ute people. The Ute were known for their beautiful beadwork. When the first Spaniards came to the area, they brought horses, which quickly changed the native way of life. The natives traded horses and slaves with the Spanish. Mormon pioneers came to the area, and as they expanded over the land, they came into conflict with the Ute people. The Walker and Black Hawk Wars pushed the tribes to the brink of starvation, and by the end of the 1800s, most had moved onto reservations. Today, there are six federally recognized tribes living in the state. Some of them live on reservations, but most of them live and work around cities. The Navajo are the largest group, followed by the Utes. The Uinta-Ouray reservation is the largest reservation in. It is located east of Salt Lake City in the Uinta Basin. The land is rich in natural resources such as gas, oil, timber, and water. Around half of the tribe members live on the reservation. The tribal government operates several businesses including an energy company, cattle ranches, a supermarket, a bowling alley, and mines. 8
Sundance The Sundance Film Festival is the largest independent film festival in the United States. Originally founded in 1978 as the /United States Film Festival, the festival was meant to showcase independent films (those films made outside of Hollywood) and to bring more filmmakers to the state of. A few years later, Robert Redford took over as chairman and renamed it the Sundance Film Festival after his character from Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid. Held every January in Park City, the festival now attracts film personalities from around the world and rivals the world-famous Venice, Cannes, and Toronto film festivals. The festival hosts competitions for dramas, documentaries, and international films and screens full length and short films in many categories. Sundance has also successfully launched the careers of numerous little-known independent filmmakers who first screened their films at the festival. Shakespearean Festival In the summer of 1961, a young actor named Fred C. Adams got the idea to form a Shakespearean theater group in Cedar City,. Every summer, thousands of tourists poured into the area to visit the six national parks nearby, and Adams saw them as a perfect audience for his troupe. The first season of plays opened the following year and included three plays: Hamlet, The Taming of the Shrew, and The Merchant of Venice. The actors and actresses, many of them college students, were unpaid volunteers, who built their own stage and sewed their own costumes. They performed on an outdoor stage in front of an audience of a little more than three thousand people. The season raised enough money to put on a second season and begin to build an outdoor theater, designed just like the original Globe Theater in London, where Shakespeare s plays were first performed. The festival now has an indoor theater as well and performs a sixteen-week season for more than 150,000 spectators. The festival also hosts a Shakespeare competition for high-school and middle-school drama groups. Students from all over the southwestern United States come to perform in the competition. State Symbols State Bird California gull California gulls saved early Mormon settlers by eating crickets that were destroying the crops. State Tree Quaking aspen The quaking aspen, which is also known as trembling aspen, can be found in all of 's counties. The tree was chosen by fourth-grade students at Monroe Elementary. 9
State Flower Sego lily In the mid-1800s, many ns relied on the sego lily root as a food source. State Animal Rocky Mountain elk The elk lives throughout much of. An elk may weigh more than 700 pounds (318 kilograms). Other Symbols Cooking Pot: Dutch oven Fish: Bonneville cutthroat trout Folk Dance: Square dance Fossil: Allosaurus Fruit: Cherry Gemstone: Topaz Grass: Indian rice grass Insect: Honeybee Mineral: Copper Rock: Coal Song:, This Is the Place Vegetable: Spanish sweet onion Historic Vegetable: Sugar beet Firearm: Browning-designed M1911 automatic pistol State Motto Industry Industry is associated with the symbol of the beehive. The early pioneers had to rely on their own hard work to survive. Major League Sports Teams Jazz (NBA) Real Salt Lake (MLS) For More Information See www.utah.gov or contact the Office of Tourism, 55 North 300 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84101; phone (800) UTAH-FUN; web site www.utah.com. 2017 ProQuest LLC and Brigham Young University. It is against the law to copy, reprint, store, or transmit any part of this publication in any form by any means without strict written permission from ProQuest. 10 ProQuest 789 East Eisenhower Parkway Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 USA Toll Free: 1.800.521.3042 Fax: 1.800.864.0019
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