Chapter 24 Section 2 German Unification Objective: 1. Explain how nationalism grew in Germany after the Congress of Vienna. 2. Identify the role Otto von Bismarck and Wilhelm I play in the path toward German unification. 3. Explain Bismarck s politics of Blood and Iron 4. List the Challenges that Germany faced after unification. Main Idea: In the late 1800 s, Otto von Bismarck transformed Germany from a loose confederation of separate states into a powerful empire. 1. Frederick Wilhelm IV Key Terms and Names 2. Zollverein 3. Otto von Bismarck 4. Wilhelm I 5. Realpolitik
6. Austro-Prussian War 7. Franco-Prussian War Objective Questions 1. What steps did Germany take toward unification? 2. What was the German Confederation? 3. What did Frederick Wilhelm IV mean when he said Now I can be honest again? 4. How did wars lead to the unification of a German Empire?
5. What were the results of the Austro-Prussian War? 6. What caused the south German states to join together with the north German states in the Franco-Prussian War? 7. In what ways did Germany grow and change after unification? 8. What are reparations? 9. Why do you think that the new German Empire took a Federalists form and allowed all men over the age of 25 to vote?
Critical Thinking: On the space below complete the graphic organizer from the section review on page 722.
Name Class Date Nationalism in Europe Vocabulary Builder Section 2 DIRECTIONS Look at each set of four terms. On the line provided, write the letter of the term that does not relate to the others. 1. a. Zollverein b. customs union c. joined Germans economically d. Kulturkampf 2. a. Otto von Bismarck b. Napoleon c. Prussia s prime minister d. German unification 3. a. Frederick Wilhelm IV b. Prussian king c. growth of railroads d. did not keep promises 4. a. Metternich b. sparked feelings of nationalism c. Alsace and Lorraine d. Franco-Prussian War DIRECTIONS Read each sentence and fill in the blank with the correct word or phrase. 5. The peace treaty of the declared the unification of Germany. (Austro-Prussian War/Franco-Prussian War) 6. Prussian king chose a conservative to be Prussia s prime minister in 1862. (Frederick Wilhelm IV/ Wilhelm I) 7. Practicing, Otto von Bismarck developed policies based on the interests of Prussia. (realpolitik/nationalism) 8. The allowed for the removal of tariffs on products traded between the German states. (Zollverein/parliament) Original content Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Full Survey Chapter 24 2 Nationalism in Europe Modern Survey Chapter 10
Name Class Date Nationalism in Europe Biography Johann Gottlieb Fichte 1762 1814 WHY HE MADE HISTORY Johann Gottlieb Fichte was a German philosopher. His work influenced many other important thinkers. His political writing was also important in the development of nationalism in Germany and other parts of Europe. His ideas about the German people and culture influenced later revolutionaries who worked to unify Germany. As you read the biography below, consider how Johann Gottlieb Fichte showed patriotism in his role as an early leader of German nationalism. Bettmann / Corbis Johann Gottlieb Fichte was born in present-day Germany in 1762. His father was a peasant who worked as a ribbon weaver. While still a child, Fichte was adopted by a nobleman named Baron Miltitz. Miltitz sent Fichte to be educated at a famous boarding school. In 1780, Fichte entered the University of Jena to study theology. He also studied at the universities of Leipzig and Wittenberg. Miltitz died in 1788, leaving Fichte unemployed and without money. He was forced to give up his studies. He eventually found work as a tutor in Zurich. During this period, he met Johanna Rahn and married her in 1793. He also became influenced by the work of the philosopher Immanuel Kant. An early work of Fichte s received Kant s praise. This brought Fichte increased recognition. In 1793, Fichte accepted a position at the University of Jena as a professor of philosophy. There he produced many of his best-known writings. In 1798, some of Fichte s writing about religion drew the attention of church and government leaders who charged him with atheism (disbelief in God). Fichte tried to defend his positions, but he was forced out of his job in 1799. Upon leaving Jena, Fichte settled in Berlin and continued to write philosophical works. He also produced an important political work titled Reden an die deutsche Nation (Addresses to the German Nation). This work enthusiastically described his views on German culture and pride. It had a major influence on German nationalism. In fact, many German revolutionaries of 1848 and 1871 greatly admired Fichte. Original content Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Full Survey Chapter 24 7 Nationalism in Europe Modern Era Chapter 10
Name Class Date Nationalism in Europe Biography Fichte later served as a professor at several universities. In 1810 he became the rector of the new University of Berlin. Fichte died in 1814. He had contracted typhus from his wife, who was working as a volunteer hospital nurse. Fichte s work has continued to influence philosophical thinkers, even into the twenty-first century. He also is still remembered as an important German patriot. WHAT DID YOU LEARN? 1. Recall Why was Fichte forced to leave his job at the University of Jena? 2. Make Inferences Why do you think Fichte s political writing might have been more influential than his philosophical writing? ACTIVITY Use what you have learned in the biography to make a sequence chart showing some of the most important events of Johann Gottlieb Fichte s life. Your chart should show the order in which these events occurred and describe why they were significant. Write your chart on a separate piece of paper. Original content Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Full Survey Chapter 24 8 Nationalism in Europe Modern Era Chapter 10