< 注 >tough たくましい rough 荒っぽい actually 実際は much ~er はるかに~ coward 臆病者

即戦ゼミ 11 1 動詞 (1) 1. Tom has grown tall and he is getting fat. He seems strong because he looks tough and sounds rough. But actually he is much weaker than he appears. After he proved to be weak, he has become a coward. < 注 >tough たくましい rough 荒っぽい actually 実際は much ~er はるかに~ coward 臆病者 2. A man lent his friend an umbrella. That friend, however, would not return it. One day, this man gave him a call and said, Will you return me the umbrella? His friend said no. The man asked him the reason. He said, You owe me some money. Pay me back the money first. < 注 >would not- ( どうしても )-しようとしなかった give~a call[ring]=call[ring]~(up) 3. I remember once, when I was a child at school, putting on another boy s boots by mistake one day. I had to go about till evening in them, and I felt perfectly miserable. I could not stop looking at my feet, and they seemed to me to be the feet of another person. < 注 >miserable みじめな

即戦ゼミ 11 1 動詞 (2) 1. Mr. Smith gave us a dog. We named the dog Pochi. My sister thought it faithful and made it her pet. We made it a doghouse. I painted the walls green. My sister should keep the doghouse clean, but she leaves it dirty. < 注 >faithful 忠実な doghouse 犬小屋 2. I find this novel so moving that I would like to have it translated into English if I can get somebody to do so. As I m very busy, I ll ask an old friend of mine to find a translator. If he finds one, I ll let you know in the next letter. < 注 >move 感動させる translator 翻訳家 3. Our sense of taste is a great source of pleasure to us. It makes the enjoyment of food possible. But we have a sense of taste not just to give us pleasure, but to protect us, too. It often prevents us from eating things that might harm us. < 注 >a sense of taste 味覚 harm 害を与える

即戦ゼミ 11 2 時制 1. It is fortunate that you have come to see me today, because I will have been on board about this time tomorrow, said Mr. Kimura, the captain of the Taiyo-maru. He had recently returned from his six months voyage. < 注 >fortunate 幸運な on board (a ship) 船に乗って voyage 航海 2. I have been in England three months now. I hope you don t think I ve forgotten you. There have been so many places to see and so many things to do that I ve not had much time for writing letters. I will soon be starting my studies at college. So far I ve been learning about England and British ways of living. < 注 >so far 今までは a way of living 生活様式 3. We who have become so accustomed to the machine find it difficult to realize that for thousands of years man had been making what he needed for daily living by hand; and that only in the last century has he opened the door upon the new worlds of technology, with its unbelievable potentialities, which is already initiating not only vast social and economic changes but is originating new trends and traditions in the arts. < 注 >potentialities 可能性( を有するもの ) initiate 起こす, 始める originate もたらす, 始める

即戦ゼミ 11 3 助動詞 1. You should not say such a thing without a good reason or solid evidence as this: Mr. So-and-so must have done it, Miss So-and-so can t have been so happy, or Mrs. So-and-so may have said so. < 注 >solid はっきりとした evidence 証拠 Mr. So-and-so だれそれさん 2. I arrived at the airport at 8:30. But on checking-in I was told that the plane had been delayed, and would not start till 10:15. In England we like to follow the old proverb, You might as well be hanged for a sheep as for a lamb or in other words, if you are going to be late, you might as well be perfectly late. So I was not at all surprised to hear that our departure would be delayed till 10:45. < 注 >check-in 搭乗手続きをする be delayed 遅れる follow 従う proverb ことわざ hang 絞首刑にする lamb 子羊 departure 出発 3. He is terribly stubborn. You may as well try to persuade him, but it ll be almost impossible. You might as well wish the sun to rise in the west as hope to change his mind. I dare say you would rather not go and see him. < 注 >terribly ひどく stubborn 頑固な

即戦ゼミ 11 4 不定詞 1. Father told me to take a letter to the post office, but I forgot to do so. In the evening I remembered about the letter and looked around the room to find it. But the letter was not to be seen anywhere in the house. I was afraid to see Father, but Mother only smiled and said, Be careful not to forget next time. < 注 >not~anywhere どこにも~ない 2. Superstitions about the number 13 are the most widely held of all. The ancient Hindus are said to have been the first to believe that when 13 persons sat together it was unlucky. The Egyptians, Japanese and Chinese, however, have no feelings of this sort. < 注 >superstition 迷信 the ancient Hindus 古代インド人 unlucky 縁起の悪い sort=kind 3. To be effective an offer of aid must be made so as to emphasize support and minimize the threat to the individual s self-esteem. A means by which to emphasize the supportive aspects of the situation is to provide aid that can be used by the person in need to help him- or herself in the future. < 注 >emphasize 強調する minimize 最小限にする threat 脅かすもの self-esteem 自己評価 aspect 面

即戦ゼミ 11 5 動名詞 1. Here s a story about a little girl who suffered from a sickness that the A-bomb had caused. Her mother told her to make a thousand cranes. So she kept on making cranes out of paper, looking forward to playing with other children outdoors. But she died after making 999 cranes. < 注 >suffer from+ 病気 病気にかかる A-bomb 原爆 cause 引き起こす crane 鶴 outdoors 屋外で 2. A boy bathing in a river was in danger of being drowned. He called out to a man for help. The man, instead of holding out a helping hand, scolded the boy for having gone too far into the river. Oh, sir, cried the boy. Please help me now, and scold me afterward. < 注 >bathe=swim danger 危険 be drowned 溺れる call out to+ 人 +for~ 人に~を求めて大声で叫ぶ hold out~ ~を差し出す a helping hand 助けの手 scold 叱る afterward 後で 3. At first he refused the money because of my having done the job, but I insisted on his taking it. Man is sometimes more generous when he has little money than when he has plenty; perhaps to prevent him from being thought to have only little. < 注 >generous 気前の良い plenty=plenty of money

即戦ゼミ 11 6 分詞 1. The other day my neighbor s dog happened to get into my garden before I knew, running about over the flower bed, spoiling most of the tulips which were going to bloom. And it barked at people visiting my house. Barking dogs seldom bite, they say, but imagine how annoying it was. < 注 >flower bed 花壇 spoil 駄目にする bloom 咲く annoy いらいらさせる 2. In the ancient Egyptian religion there was a cat goddess called Bast. Occasionally Bast was shown with the head of a lion, but most statues and carvings showed her with the head of a cat, often surrounded by holy kittens. Very religious people at the time always preserved the bodies of any of their cats who died, and had them buried with much care and attentions. < 注 >ancient 古代の religion 宗教 goddess 女神 occasionally 時折 statue 像 carving 彫刻 holy 神聖な kitten 子猫 religious 信心深い preserve 保存する body 死体 bury 埋める attention 注意 3. Passengers arriving in New York by ship enjoy an advantage over those flying in by plane: they have the tension of the end of their journey heightened by the imposing sight of the Statue of Liberty appearing above them. Probably no other national monument in the United States calls forth as keen an emotional response in its viewers as does that gigantic symbol of freedom. < 注 >imposing 堂々とした the Statue of Liberty 自由の女神像 monument 記念碑 call forth 呼び起こす

即戦ゼミ 11 7 受動態 1. Since boyhood Newton had been interested in astronomy, and while at Cambridge he would often sit up late at night to observe the movements of stars. Before long he became very dissatisfied with the telescopes then in use. < 注 >astronomy 天文学 at Cambridge ケンブリッジ大学に在学して observe 観察する before long=soon dissatisfy 不満を抱かせる telescope 望遠鏡 2. The colours of saucers seem to be as different as their sizes. Saucers of nearly all colours have been reported. Some seem to change colour as they are being watched. Saucers have been seen to move in every direction and at nearly every speed. They can turn at right angles, move straight up or straight down, or travel in a zigzag path. < 注 >saucer 円盤 nearly=almost direction 方角 at right angles 直角に zigzag path ジグザグの道 3. The world s population is expected to double in about 40 years. More food must be produced to take care of so many added people. New types of food must be developed from plants that grow on the land and in the seas. These challenges must be met. Until needless hunger is made to disappear from the world, the story of man and his food problems will not be finished. < 注 >challenge 難問

即戦ゼミ 11 8 名詞 代名詞 1. It was unusually warm this winter, and the cherry blossoms bloomed earlier this year. In Tokyo, the cherry blossoms were at their best last Sunday. As it was fine all day long, there were huge crowds everywhere. It appears that they find it impossible to stay at home on a holiday in the cherry blossom season. < 注 >blossom ( 食用果樹の ) 花 bloom 咲く at one s best 最高の状態で huge 巨大な 2. With regard to theory and practice there are two opinions. Some say that theory is one thing and practice another, so that they do not necessarily go together. Others are again of opinion that it is because of the inaccuracy of theory that the two do not agree. < 注 >with regard to~ ~に関しては go together=agree again また一方で be of (the) opinion that~ ~という意見である inaccuracy 不正確さ 3. Americans take it for granted that a private enterprise system should be competitive. We expect competitions to be the principal means by which the public interest is protected, and consequently we think it a major function of the State to see to it that competition is kept vigorous. To this end we protect competition by law. < 注 >private enterprise 私企業 the State 国家 vigorous 活発な

即戦ゼミ 11 9 冠詞 形容詞 副詞 1. At first the chimpanzees were afraid of the woman scientist. Gradually, however, they got used to her. And finally some got friendly enough to tap her on the shoulder; some even kissed her on the cheek. < 注 >friendly 親しげな tap 軽くたたく cheek 頬 2. The telephone has become so much a part of our daily life that businessmen can hardly live without it. It is good manners to speak clearly over the telephone. It is not necessary for you to talk loudly. Even when you talk over the telephone, you should be as polite as when you are in the presence of the person to whom you are talking. < 注 >businessman 実業家 manners 作法 in the presence of~ ~の面前で 3. There has been little dispute about whether the general level of welfare has increased this nobody, I think, will deny. But the size of the gap between the rich and the poor is a very different question from the question how far both rich and poor are better off than they were a generation, or a century, ago. < 注 >dispute 論争 welfare 福祉 be well off 暮らし向きがよい

即戦ゼミ 11 10 比較 1. The nearer your entrance examination draw, the more nervous you will grow and the less appetite you will have. However, you are all the more likely to make a mistake because you are tense. < 注 >draw near 近づく nervous 神経質な appetite 食欲 tense 緊張して 2. I feel no older than my youngest friends. I am sure that I am no more exhausted at the end of a busy day than many who are half as old as I am. When you know that there is much to be done, you are always looking forward instead of backward. This is one of the secrets of strength. < 注 >exhausted 疲れきって look forward 前を向く strength<strong 3. My favorite pastimes are sports. The sport I like better than any other is scuba diving. Nothing gives me greater pleasure than diving deep into the sea and swimming freely underwater as long as I like. No other invention is, in my opinion, so wonderful as an aqualung. Scuba diving is not as dangerous as it may seem. But a diver sometimes has to cope with a most terrible danger. The thing to remember is not to panic. The more panicky you feel, the less likely you will be to survive a difficult situation. < 注 >pastime 娯楽 panic 慌てる feel panicky びくびくする

即戦ゼミ 11 11 関係詞 1. As he approached the village he met a number of people, but none whom he knew, which somewhat surprised him, for he had thought himself acquainted with every one in the country round. Their dress, too, was of a different fashion from that to which he was accustomed. < 注 >somewhat 多少 acquainted with~ ~と知り合いで the country round その界隈 fashion 型 2. Whenever you write, you try to imitate what you have read. You do it without knowing it. Some people go so far in this imitation that in answering the phone they use the accent of whoever happens to be calling. < 注 >imitate>imitation まね go far 度を越す accent なまり 3. I heartily wish that in my youth I had had someone of good sense to direct my reading. I sigh when I reflect on the amount of time I have wasted on books that were of no great profit to me. What little guidance I had I owe to a young man who came to live with the same family in London as I was living with. < 注 >direct 指導する sigh ため息をつく reflect on ~ ~を考える guidance 指導

即戦ゼミ 11 12 仮定法 1. You may have heard grown-ups say, I wish I had learned that in school, or I wish I had more education. Why do you suppose they feel that way? Perhaps it s because they think life might be more interesting, or they might have had better jobs, if they had learned just a little better. < 注 > grown-ups=adults suppose=think 2. Such a community could not have come into existence before, and if it had, without railways it would certainly have dropped to pieces long before now. Were it not for railways or telegraph, it would be far easier to govern California from Peking than from Washington. < 注 >community 共同社会 come into existence 存在するようになる drop to pieces ばらばらになる telegraph 電信 govern 統治する 3. The true secret of writing a good letter is to write as if you were talking. Before you actually put pen to paper, sit down and visualize the person to whom you are planning to write. Remember the last time you saw him and recall what you know of him his interests, his hobbies, his work, his family. Think of what this person would want to hear, what you would tell him if you were in the same room chatting with him. Then write the letter in the kind of language and phrasing that is your everyday speech. < 注 >visualize 心に思い浮かべる phrasing 言い回し, 言葉遣い

即戦ゼミ 11 13 疑問 1. Look at that butterfly on that flower. How beautiful it is! Let s get closer and catch it, shall we? Yes, let s. Don t rush. Oh, it s gone. What a shame! Then, why don t we go and pick strawberries instead? < 注 > close=near rush 慌てる a shame=a pity 2. Heredity is not the only thing that influences our color. Where we live and how we live after we are born are important too. For instance, our genes influence how fat or thin we are. But our weight depends mainly on how much we eat and how much exercise we get. In the same way, our skin color depends to a large extent on how much sunshine we get. < 注 > heredity 遺伝 for instance=for example gene 遺伝子 skin 皮膚 to a large extent 大いに 3. This is the ABC Evening News... is heard across the nation every night of the week. But exactly how does the news come into being? Who goes out to where the news is? Who sits before the camera and tells the news? And, what does it take to get the news on the air? < 注 > come into being 生み出される get ~ on the air ~ を放送する

即戦ゼミ 11 14 否定 1. Just as with food and drink, what is good and pleasant reading for one man is not always pleasant and good for another. We don t all like the same book, nor can every book please everybody. < 注 > as with~ ~についてと同様に pleasant 楽しい please 喜ばせる 2. There is no particular worth in a thing just because it is modern. It is a question of usefulness. The older a violin, the better. On the other hand, tennis balls and eggs cannot be too new. < 注 >particular 特別の usefulness 有用性 <useful The older a violin (is), the better (it is). 3. Not everybody is capable of judging rationally. The majority does not necessarily embrace goals because they are desirable or fight for values because they are socially useful. Take, for instance, the matter of freedom, surely one of the great goods in civilized society. Modern experience has shown that, while many are willing to die for it, others do not appreciate it and will not defend it. < 注 > rationally 合理的に embrace 抱く

即戦ゼミ 11 15 前置詞 1. The boy started from the village for the lake at six on Sunday morning. He went towards the north, across the fields and through the forest. wild plain stretched, and over him the sun was shining. At last he got to the lake around two in the afternoon. Above him a mountain rose, below him a There were pretty flowers beside the lake along the shore. And there stood an old castle beyond the lake among the mountains. < 注 >the fields 野原 rise そびえる wild plains 荒野 stretch 広がる the shore 湖岸 castle 城 2. A stout old lady was walking down the middle of a street in Petrograd with her basket under her arm to the great confusion of the traffic and with no small peril to herself. It was pointed out to her that the pavement was the place for foot-passengers, but she replied that she was going to walk where she liked. < 注 >stout=fat Petrograd ペトログラード confusion 混乱 peril 危険 pavement 歩道 foot-passenger 歩行者 3. Much to her surprise, the old woman realized then that the voice was in fact coming from her own hand, where she held the tortoise. At this extraordinary event, she was bewildered, and greatly alarmed, and dropped both the tortoise and her net on the ground, stepping back hastily with both hands over her mouth. < 注 > tortoise ( 陸の ) 亀 extraordinary 異常な bewilder 当惑させる alarm 驚かせる

即戦ゼミ 11 16 接続詞 1. As far as we know, every living thing in the world has to breathe as we do. Even the seeds of plants breathe all the time. In case you seal them up in a tight bottle in order that they can get no air at all, they will die just as surely as you will, though not so quickly. < 注 >breathe 呼吸する seed 種子 seal up 完全に密封する plant 植物 a tight bottle 気密性の瓶 2. If a professor asks students whether they have understood an explanation he has given, he wants a straightforward yes or no. While he expects respect from his students, he does not expect them to say yes for that reason when the answer is clearly no. Nor does he expect them to say yes for fear that acknowledgement of lack of understanding would show that they are not smart. < 注 >professor 教授 straightforward 率直な acknowledgement<acknowledge 認める lack 欠如 smart 利口な 3. Difficult as it may be in some instances to ascertain quite accurately whether an overworked man had perfectly sound bodily health to begin with, the facts remain, that the excessive exercise of the mental powers is injurious to bodily health, and that all intellectual labour proceeds upon a physical basis. No man can safely forget this and act as if he were a pure spirit, superior to physical consideration. < 注 > instance 場合 ascertain 確かめる excessive 過度の injurious to~ ~に有害な

即戦ゼミ 11 17 無生物主語 名詞 特殊構文 1. The thought of all the things I have to learn sometimes fills me with despair. The mere sight of the thousands of strange words in the English dictionary sometimes paralyzes my mind. But I must patiently learn one thing and then another, step by step! < 注 > despair 絶望 paralyze 無気力にさせる patiently 辛抱強く 2. In the realm of the novel life is precisely daily life. It is in reporting the wonders of the simple, ordinary hour, not in writing the extraordinary in detail, that the novel displays its specific graces. Not by widening our horizon with tales of unheard-of adventures can the novelist expect to charm us. The opposite procedure is required: the reader s horizon must be narrowed. < 注 > realm 領域 precisely まさに wonder 驚くべき事柄 ordinary 普通の extraordinary 異常な specific graces 特別な魅力 horizon 視野 unheard-of 聞いたことのない charm 魅了する procedure 方法 narrow widen 3. During the Middle Ages there had been a tendency to consider man less important than the social institutions of which he was a part, such as the church or the feudal estate. At the same time the church s stress on the relative worthlessness of this life in comparison with eternity had led to the belief that this world and its pleasures were of little value and actually should be looked upon primarily as a threat to man s eternal welfare. < 注 > institution 制度 feudal estate 封建的土地所有 eternity 来世, 永遠 welfare 幸福

即戦ゼミ 11 18 話法 一致 1. Mary once called on her neighbor Jack and said to him, Will you lend me your encyclopedia? Jack said that she was welcome to read it in his library, but that he had a rule never to let a book leave his house. Some weeks later he called on Mary and asked if she would lend him her lawn mower. Mary said, I shall be very glad to lend you my lawn mower, but since I make it a rule never to let it leave my lawn, you will be obliged to use it here. < 注 > encyclopedia 百科事典 be welcome to~ 自由に ~ してよい lawn mower 芝刈り機 be obliged to~=have to~ 2. Can t you tell me, Mr. Lumley, just what it is that you don t like about the rooms? There was no mistaking the injured bitterness in Mrs. Smythe s voice. Charles very nearly groaned aloud. Must he explain, point by point, why he hated living there? Her husband s cough in the morning, the way the dog barked every time he went in or out? < 注 >Lumley ラムリー Smythe スミス injured bitterness むっとした厳しさ groan うめく point by point 一つ一つ 3. My friend told me that Waterloo Station had once been the most ill-planned and confusing station in London, but that it was one of the most perfect. He added that it was almost impossible for anyone to go wrong if he was not too proud to ask from what platform his train started. < 注 > Waterloo ワーテルロー confusing<confuse 混乱させる go wrong 道に迷う

即戦ゼミ 11 1 動詞 (1) 1. Tom has grown tall and he is getting fat. He seems strong because he looks tough and sounds rough. But actually he is much weaker than he appears. After he proved to be weak, he has become a coward. < 注 >tough たくましい rough 荒っぽい actually 実際は much ~er はるかに~ coward 臆病者 トムは背が高くなって, 太ってきている 彼は見かけがたくましく, 口の利き方も乱暴なので, 強そうに思える しかし実際は見かけよりはるかに弱い 彼は弱いことが判ってからは, 臆病者 になってしまった 2. A man lent his friend an umbrella. That friend, however, would not return it. One day, this man gave him a call and said, Will you return me the umbrella? His friend said no. The man asked him the reason. He said, You owe me some money. Pay me back the money first. < 注 >would not- ( どうしても )-しようとしなかった give~a call[ring]=call[ring]~(up) ある男が友人に傘を貸した ところがその友人は, それを返そうとしなかった ある日, この男は友人に電話をして, 私に傘を返してくれないか と言った 友人はいやだと言った 男は彼にその理由を尋ねた すると友人は, 君は僕にいくらか借金がある まず, その金を返済してくれ と言った 3. I remember once, when I was a child at school, putting on another boy s boots by mistake one day. I had to go about till evening in them, and I felt perfectly miserable. I could not stop looking at my feet, and they seemed to me to be the feet of another person. < 注 >miserable みじめな 私はかつて学校の生徒であった頃, ある日誤って他の少年のブーツを履いたことを覚えている 私はそのブーツを履いて, 夕方まで歩き回らなければならなかった そして全くみじめな想いをした 私は自分の足を見るのをやめることはできなかった そして, その足は私にとって他人の足のように思われた