OL3111 OL3112 OL3113 OL3114 OL3115 cum (accompaniment) cum (causal) cum (circumstantial) cum (concessive) cum (temporal) With Excerpts Taken From: AINGER, ARTHUR CAMPBELL. The ETON LATIN GRAMMAR. JOHN MURRAY. 1887 ALLEN and GREENOUGH S NEW LATIN GRAMMAR for Colleges and Schools. GINN & Co. 1903 WEST, ANDREW FLEMMING. A LATIN GRAMMAR for Schools. D. APPLETON & CO. 1902 BASIL L. GILDERSLEEVE, GONZALEZ LODGE. A LATIN GRAMMAR: School Edition. UNIVERSITY PUBLISHING COMPANY, 1898 REV BA GREGG. A Vade Mecum etext. 2015.
AP Olde Timey Latin Grammar Jubilee 2
AP Olde Timey Latin Grammar Jubilee 3 OL3111 cum (accompaniment) vënï cum meïs amïcïs. I came with my friends. The Ablative of Accompaniment (or some grammars refer to it as the Ablative of Attendance ) takes the preposition cum, with cum febri domum rediit, C., Or., iii. 2, 6 ; he returned home with a fever. Catilina stetit in comitio cum telo, Cf. C., Cat., i. 6.15; Catilins stood in the place of election with a weapon ( on him ). Cum baculo peraque [ senex ], Mart., iv. 53, 3 ; an old man with stick and wallet. Nec tecum possum vivere nec sine te, Mart., xxii. 47, 2 ; I can't live either with you or without you. OL3112 cum (causal) A cum clause expressing the cause of an action invariably is put into the subjunctive, according to the rules for sequence of tenses. Cum causal may usually be translated by since or because id difficile nōn est, cum tantum equitātū valeāmus (B. C. 3.86), this is not difficult since we are so strong in cavalry. cum sōlitūdō īnsidiārum et metūs plēna sit, ratiō ipsa monet amīcitiās comparāre (Fin. 1.66), since solitude is full of treachery and fear, reason itself prompts us to contract friendships.
AP Olde Timey Latin Grammar Jubilee 4 OL3113 cum (circumstantial) Cum Circumstantial Clauses. When a general set of circumstances is referred to, rather than a time-specific action, a subjunctive verb is used following the conjunction cum. This is because general circumstances were viewed as more vague by the Romans. Cum is still translated as when or while. Cum Caesar praefectus in Gallia esset, erat pax. When Caesar was governor in Gaul, there was peace. A temporal clause with cum and the Imperfect or Pluperfect Subjunctive describes the circumstances that accompanied or preceded the action of the main verb: cum essem ōtiōsus in Tusculānō, accēpī tuās litterās (Fam. 9.18.1), when I was taking my ease in my house at Tusculum, I received your letter. cum servīlī bellō premerētur (Manil. 30), when she (Italy) was under the load of the Servile War. OL3114 cum (concessive) A cum clause which concedes a point or idea has its verb in the subjunctive. Often the presence of tamen nevertheless, or a negative in the main clause indicates that the cum clause is to be taken as concessive. cum concessive by although or while. cum prīmī ōrdinēs concidissent, tamen ācerrimē reliquī resistēbant (B. G. 7.62), though the first ranks had fallen, still the others resisted vigorously. brevī spatiō legiōnēs numerō hominum explēverat, cum initiō nōn amplius duōbus mīlibus habuisset (Sall. Cat. 56), in a short time he had filled out the legions with their complement of men, though at the start he had not had more than two thousand.
AP Olde Timey Latin Grammar Jubilee 5 OL3115 cum (temporal) A temporal clause with cum when, and some past tense of the Indicative dates or defines the time at which the action of the main verb occurred: eō [ lituō ] regiōnēs dīrēxit tum cum urbem condidit (Div. 1.30), he traced with it the quarters [of the sky] at the time he founded the city. cum occīditur Sex. Rōscius, ibīdem fuērunt servī (Rosc. Am. 120), when Roscius was slain, the slaves were on the spot.