Contemporary Kantian Metaphysics

Contemporary Kantian Metaphysics

Also by Graham Bird: KANT S THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE THE REVOLUTIONARY KANT A COMPANION TO KANT Also by A.W. Moore: POINTS OF VIEW THE INFINITE NOBLE IN REASON, INFINITE IN FACULTY: Themes and Variations in Kant s Moral and Religious Philosophy THE EVOLUTION OF MODERN METAPHYSICS: Making Sense of Things

Contemporary Kantian Metaphysics New Essays on Space and Time Edited by Roxana Baiasu Regent s Park College, University of Oxford, UK Graham Bird Emeritus Professor, University of Manchester, UK and A.W. Moore St Hugh s College, University of Oxford, UK

Selection and editorial matter Roxana Baiasu, Graham Bird and A.W. Moore 2012 Chapters their individual authors 2012 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2012 978-0-230-28476-0 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6 10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2012 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave and Macmillan are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-32996-0 ISBN 978-0-230-35891-1 (ebook) DOI 10.1057/9780230358911 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12

Contents Acknowledgements Notes on Contributors vii viii Introduction 1 Roxana Baiasu, Graham Bird and A.W. Moore Part I Perception 1 Kant on Receptivity and Representation 23 Paul Abela 2 Perceiving Distinct Particulars 41 Lucy Allais 3 Is Spatial Awareness Required for Object Perception? 67 John Campbell 4 The Normative in Perception 81 Steven Crowell Part II Sciences 5 Is There Any Value in Kant s Account of Mathematics? 109 Graham Bird 6 Thinking of Everything? Kant Speaks to Stephen Hawking 128 Leslie Stevenson 7 Reading Kant Topographically: From Critical Philosophy to Empirical Geography 146 Jeff Malpas and Günter Zöller Part III Limits of Experience 8 Metaphors of Spatial Location: Understanding Post-Kantian Space 169 Pamela Sue Anderson 9 Bird on Kant s Mathematical Antinomies 197 A.W. Moore 10 Space and the Limits of Objectivity: Could There Be a Disembodied Thinking of Reality? 207 Roxana Baiasu v

vi Contents Part IV Time 11 Heidegger on Time 233 Michael Inwood 12 Time and Subjectivity: Heidegger s Interpretation of the Kantian Notion of Time 253 Françoise Dastur 13 Time, Space and Body in Bergson, Heidegger and Husserl 270 Dan Zahavi and Søren Overgaard Index 299

Acknowledgements This book s project began during Roxana Baiasu s Leverhulme Early Career Fellowship at the University of Sussex. We would like to acknowledge the support of the University of Sussex and the Leverhulme Trust without which this book could not have been published. Between then and now the book has grown as a result of the productive work of the team of co-editors, Roxana Baiasu, Graham Bird and A.W. Moore. Our sincere gratitude goes to each author who contributed to this book. We would also like to express special thanks to our editor at Palgrave Macmillan, Priyanka Gibbons, for her efficiency, patience and advice. We thank the production team at Newgen Knowledge Works, in particular the Head of the team, Vidhya Jayaprakash, and the anonymous copy editor, for careful attention and support in the final stages of work on this book. We also owe thanks to Coran Stewart for his help in the preparation of the manuscript, and to all those who have supported the project of this book, in particular, to Sorin Baiasu, Liliana Ilie, Stefan Ilie and Doina Baiasu. We gratefully acknowledge permission to reproduce certain material in this volume, as indicated below. We thank the editors of Kantian Review, including the guest editors of the special issue Kantian Review 15 (2011), Sorin Baiasu and Michelle Grier, for permission to reprint A.W. Moore s essay Bird on Kant s Mathematical Antinomies. In his essay, Kant Speaks to Stephen Hawking, Leslie Stevenson reproduces material from chapters 4 and 5 of his book Inspirations from Kant (New York, Oxford University Press, 2012). We are grateful to the press for permission to reproduce this material here. Françoise Dastur s chapter is an augmented version of an earlier essay ( L idée d une chronologie phénoménologique et la première interprétation de Kant, in J. F. Courtine (ed.) Heidegger 1919 1929: De l herméneutique de la facticité à la métaphysique du Dasein (Paris, Vrin, 1996)). We thank Librairie Philosophique J. Vrin, Paris (http://www. vrin.fr) for permission to reproduce the article in this book. vii

Contributors Paul Abela is Associate Professor in Philosophy at the University of Acadia, Canada. He is the author of Kant s Empirical Realism (2002). His most recent publications include The Demands of Systematicity: Rational Judgment and the Structure of Nature in Companion to Kant (2006) and Kant s Philosophy of Religion in Companion to the Philosophy of Religion (2007). Lucy Allais is Senior Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Sussex, UK and Associate Professor in Philosophy at the University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa. She has published in the area of Kant s metaphysics; her recent publications include Kant s Idealism and the Secondary Quality Analogy in Journal of the History of Philosophy (2007), Kant, Non-Conceptual Content and the Representation of Space in Journal of the History of Philosophy (2009), and Kant s Argument for Transcendental Idealism in the Transcendental Aesthetic, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society (2010); Transcendental Idealism and Metaphysics, Kantian Yearbook (2010). Pamela Sue Anderson is Reader in Philosophy of Religion at the University of Oxford and Fellow in Philosophy and Ethics at Regent s Park College. She has published extensively in the area of metaphysics and epistemology of the philosophy of religion in the Kantian tradition, including continental and feminist philosophy. She is the co-author of Kant and Theology (with J. Bell, 2010), A Feminist Philosophy of Religion: The Rationality and Myths of Religious Belief (1998) and Ricoeur and Kant: Philosophy of the Will (1993). Roxana Baiasu is an Associate Member of the Philosophy Faculty, University of Oxford and a Member of Regent s Park College, Oxford. She has published in the areas of post-kantian philosophy (Wittgenstein, Heidegger and Merleau-Ponty), epistemology and philosophy of religion. Her recent publications include: Being and Time and the Problem of Space, Research in Phenomenology (2007), Bodies in Space: Transcendence and Spatialisation of Gender in Pamela S. Anderson (ed.) New Topics in Feminist Philosophy of Religion, Springer-Kluwer (2009), and Puzzles of Discourse: Minding Gaps in Understanding, International Journal of Philosophical Studies (2009). She held a Leverhulme Early viii

Notes on Contributors ix Carreer Fellowship for a research project to which this volume is linked. She is the founder and principal organiser of the Forum for European Philosophy in Oxford and a member of the Editorial Board of the journal Studia Phaenomenoloica. Graham Bird is Professor Emeritus at the University of Manchester. He is Honorary President and founder of the UK Kant Society. His publications include Kant s Theory of Knowledge (1962) and The Revolutionary Kant (2006). He is the editor of A Companion to Kant (2006) and cofounder and co-editor of the journal Kantian Review. John Campbell is Willis S. and Marion Slusser Professor of Philosophy at the University of California at Berkeley. He is the author of Past, Space and Self (1994), Reference and Consciousness (2002) and numerous articles in the area of metaphysics. Steven Crowell is Joseph and Joanna Nazro Mullen Professor of Philosophy at Rice University, Texas. He is the author of Husserl, Heidegger, and the Space of Meaning: Paths toward Transcendental Phenomenology (2001) and of numerous essays in phenomenology and transcendental philosophy. He is editor of Transcendental Heidegger (with Jeff Malpas, 2007) and The Prism of the Self: Philosophical Essays in Honour of Maurice Natanson (1995). He is co-editor of Husserl Studies. Françoise Dastur is Honorary Professor of Philosophy attached to the Husserl Archives of Paris (ENS Ulm), a research unit affiliated to the French National Centre for Research (CNRS). She is the Honorary President of the Ecole Française of Daseinsanalyse, of which she was the founder in 1993. She has published many articles in French, English and German on Husserl, Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty, Ricoeur, Derrida and so on. She is the author of several books in French. Some of them have been translated into English; these are Death, An Essay on Finitude (1996), Heidegger and the Question of Time (1998) and Telling Time, Sketch of a Phenomenological Chrono-logy (2000). Michael Inwood was formerly Fellow and Tutor in Philosophy, Trinity College, University of Oxford. He is the author of Hegel (1983, 2002), A Hegel Dictionary (1992), A Heidegger Dictionary (1999) and Heidegger (2000), and is the editor of Hegel s Philosophy of Mind (2007). Jeff Malpas is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Tasmania, Hobart, and Distinguished Visiting Professor at LaTrobe University, Melbourne. He is also an ARC Australian Professorial Fellow and Visiting Distinguished Professor at LaTrobe University, Melbourne. He

x Notes on Contributors is the author of Donald Davidson and the Mirror of Meaning (1992), Place and Experience: A Philosophical Topography (1999), Heidegger s Topology: Being, Place, World (2006) and numerous articles linked to Kantian transcendental traditions (in both analytic philosophy and Continental thought). He has edited Death and Philosophy (with Robert C. Solomon, 1999), Heidegger, Authenticity, and Modernity and Heidegger, Coping, and Cognitive Science: Essays in Honor of Hubert Dreyfus, 2 volumes (with Mark Wrathall, 2000), Gadamer s Century: Essays in Honor of Hans-Georg Gadamer (with Ulrich Arnswald and Jens Kertscher, 2002), From Kant to Davidson: Philosophy and the Idea of the Transcendental (2002) and Transcendental Heidegger (with Steven Crowell, 2007). A.W. Moore is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Oxford and Tutorial Fellow at St Hugh s College, Oxford. He has held a Leverhulme Major Research Fellowship. He is the author of The Infinite (1990; 2001), Points of View (1997), Noble in Reason, Infinite in Faculty: Themes and Variations in Kant s Moral and Religious Philosophy (2003) and The Evolution of Modern Metaphysics: Making Sense of Things (2012). Søren Overgaard is Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Copenhagen. He is the author of Husserl and Heidegger on Being in the World (2004) and Wittgenstein and Other Minds (2007), and a co-editor of The Routledge Companion to Phenomenology (2011). Leslie Stevenson is Honorary Reader of Philosophy at the University of St Andrews, Scotland. His publications include The Metaphysics of Experience (1982), Ten Theories of Human Nature (with David L. Haberman, 5th edn, 2008), and Inspirations from Kant (2011). He is author of many articles on Kant, language, mind and science. Dan Zahavi is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Copenhagen and Director of the Danish National Research Foundation, the Centre for Subjectivity Research, University of Copenhagen. He has published extensively in the area of phenomenology. His books include Self- Awareness and Alterity: A Phenomenological Investigation (1999), Husserl and Transcendental Intersubjectivity (2001), Husserl s Phenomenology (2003, 2006), Subjectivity and Selfhood: Investigating the First-person Perspective (2005) and The Phenomenological Mind (with Shaun Gallagher, 2008). He is co-editor of the journal Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences. Günter Zöller is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Munich. He has published widely in the area of German philosophy. He is the

Notes on Contributors xi author of Fichte s Transcendental Philosophy: The Original Duplicity of Intelligence and Will (1998, 2002) and Theoretische Gegenstandsbeziehung bei Kant: Zur systematischen Bedeutung der Termini objektive Realität und objektive Gültigkeit in der Kritik der reinen Vernunft (1984). He edited numerous volumes of Fichte s and Kant s works and essay collections, including Figuring the Self: Subject, Individual, and Others in Classical German Philosophy (with David Klemm, 1997).