:Introduction. :Geoffrey Leech. "ing" "s" musts, musting, to must "ing" "s" "be, have, do" He wills go. He will go.... ) He will going. He will go. ( ing s ""."" will
:Auxiliary Verbs is He, She, It,. are You, We, They,. am I. be." " ( was I, He, She, It,. were You, We, They,. been I, He, She, It, You, We, They.. (. ( : : : : Be be + ing being. were + s was. :am, is, are.""."... " (I am/i'm) lazy.. (He is/he's) lazy. (She is/she's) lazy. (It is/it's) lazy. (You are/you're) lazy.../ / ""/ / ""/. ( (
(We are/we're) lazy. (They are/they're) lazy... :was, were." " " I was here. He was here. She was here. It was here. You were here. We were here. They were here.."....... "" //... :be."" " " :been." " ( ( ( ( has He, She, It,. have I, You, We,They,. had I, He, She, It, You, We,They. : : : Have
have + ing having. have + s has : has He has He's, She has She's, It has It's, Ali has Ali's, Omar has Omar's "have,had" : I have I've, You have You've, We have We've, They have They've He had He'd, She had She'd, It had It'd. I had I'd, You had You'd, We had We'd. They had They'd :has, have." " (." () " ( He has friends.. She has friends.. It has friends. /. / "" I have friends.. You have friends.. We have friends.. They have friends..." " "to" ( He has to go.. She has to go.. It has to go../ "" / I have to go.. You have to go..
We have to go. They have to go. He had friends. She had friends. It had friends. I had friends. You had friends. We had friends. They had friends... :had." "." " has, have... / ""/.... ( ( He owned a car.."owned". He had to go. She had to go. It had to go. I had to go. You had to go. We had to go. They had to go.."" "have to" "to".../ "" / /.... (
do I, You, We, They,. does He, She, It,. did I, He, She, It, You, We,They. done I, He, She, It, You, We,They. do + ing doing. do + s does. : : : : Do :do, does, did." "."" " "" He does seem well. She does seem well. It does seem well. I do seem well. You do seem well. We do seem well. They do seem well. He does his work well. She does her work well..".... / ""/....."".. ( ( ( ( (
It does its work well. I do his my well. You do your work well. We do our well. They do their well.. / ""/.... : : will I, He, She, It, You, We, They. : would I, He, She, It, You, We, They. Will "" :will."" "" "" :would."" Future in the past."" Conditional Clauses. Would you lend me your pen? "" ( ( ( ( : Shall : shall I, He, She, It, You, We, They. : should I, He, She, It, You, We, They. :shall I, We "" shall will. (
:should. The government should lower taxes... should + have + V.3 (. You should have posted those letters. Why didn't you do?. He should have been home long ago. Where is he? ( : : may I, He, She, It, You, We, They. : might I, He, She, It, You, We, They. May May/Can I come in? The news may be true. It may rain tomorrow. He may have dead. He may have been ill. :may "can ". "".""... may + have + V.3... may + be + Ving He may be coming to school on foot.. :might. ( ( ( (
: : can I, He, She, It, You, We, They. : could I, He, She, It, You, We, They. Can He can speak English. You cannot smoke here. He could learn English. :can."".. :could."".. "". It could rain tomorrow, but there are no clouds in the sky today. :Conversation. ( : "". : Student: What will I do to improve my English? Teacher: Well, you could try some of these grammar exercises.. ( Could you lend me your pen? "" ( ( ( You must eat to live.. Must :must. ( "".
( :. "". This mosque is very old. " ". This mosque must be very old. must should.must = have to have to must."had to" have to must Used to : Subject + used to + Verb.1 + Object.use to She used to be a teacher. :used to. "". ( She used to be a teacher.. but now she works in news paper...past habit ( "". When we were children, we used to play in that playground.
:.use to used to "didn't" "did not" (." " She did not (didn't) use to be a teacher.. used "not" (." " She used not to be a teacher. :.use to used to "Did" ( Did she use to be a teacher?. used ( Used she to be a teacher? " ". can, may, will, must, shall. " He will can do that. He will be able to do that. " : : () :