Norse Expand Their Empire Westward
Early Tribes and Cultures
ARKAIM 16,000 BC
PETERBOROUGH PETROGLYPHS
Petroglyphs in Scandinavia
NORSE TRADE ROUTES Map showing the major Varangian trade routes: the Volga trade route (in red) and the Trade Route from the varagians to the Greeks (in purple). Other trade routes of the eighth-eleventh centuries shown in orange VOLGA R.
Ancient Rus Present day Russia
Friendly Trade on the Volga
GLOBAL TEMPERATURES VIKINGS EXPLORATIONS REACH N.E. CANADA 1100 BC PETERBOROUGH PETROGLYPHS 79 AD POMPEII DESTROYED ROMAN EMPIRE 1100 BC 1998 2200 BC BIRTH OF CHRIST Midieval Warm Period 2014 DARK AGES LITTLE ICE AGE 2019? 250 BC VOLCANIC ACTIVITY = TEMPERATURES 1600 AD
Viking Age Timeline
Wild Norse Warrier Berserker Fighting with mad frenzy
Setting out to sack, rape and pillage.
Trade or conquest?
A Settlement Voyage: 870 AD Heading for new lands from Denmark, Norway, England or Ireland. but never sail after September
DRIFT ICE AVERAGE Average Severe winter SUMMER
Ash Fallout and Resulting Tephra H-1102 V-870 H- 1122 H-1158 Vatna Glacier Hekla Veidivotn H-1206 Hrafntinna lava Vatnaoldur fissure
Landing Sites Hraunhofn Dyrafjord Vadill Dogurdarnes Bordeyri Kolbeinsaros Gasar Blonduas Hanavayatnsos Midfjord Husavik Krossavik Reydarfjord Straumfjord Gufua Hvita Gautavik Narfastadads Leirvogr Hornafjord Eyrar Vestmannaeyjar Holtsos (Arnarbaelisos)
Springtime Assembly Sites 930 to 1200 AD
Settlement Patterns and Walking Routes
c. 930
0 3m Small later addition Traces of benches for Sitting, eating and sleeping Main room Long-fire Hearth stones Turf wall Entrance paving stones Small structure Possibly a sauna
Dairy and food storage room Latrine More prosperous Thingman s Living hall Entrance room Main hall entrance Archaeological Floor Plan Latrine trench Locked bed closet Storage or sleeping closet Dairy and food storage vats Turf wall Paving stones Women s raised broad bench Grinding stone Sitting benches Wooden benches Panelled wooden wall (wainscotting)
Three roof beams Inner pillar NOTE AIR SPACE Cross beam Air space Outer pillars Women s raised broad bench Wooden dairy and food storage vats Stones supporting cross beams and rafters Waste trench Stones raising centre floor Stones lining trench
polynia.
PASTURE LAND TEPHRA
Saga: A Woman s Trail Of Love How far did she walk?
985/6 AD One woman s life-long travels
MONASTERIES Helgafell (1184) Flatey (1172-1184) (1168) Thykkvibaer (1168) 50 miles 100km
The Viking runic alphabet was called the Futhark. It was called the Futhark because the F ehu, first six letters or Runes were: U ruz, T hurisaz, A nsuz, R aido and K enaz.
ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTER At the Settlement Now
WESTWARD ON TO GREENLAND 985/6 AD
Remaining Roman Catholic Church Greenland Bishopric ended 1378 Greenland settlements abandoned late 1450
Danish & Canadian team of archaeologists. Baffin Island
Hammer of Thor Mouth Payne River Northern Quebec
Who Was This Man? Northern Quebec
Bjarni s Route (985/86AD)
Trelleborg Viking Ring Slagelse, Denmark Karlsefni s Viking Fortress Ring Laval, Quebec
Viking heraldry in the mid USA
Moorehead, Minnesota
Kensington Stone, Alexandria Minnesota
Heavener Rune Stone Heavener Oklahoma
Poteau Museum, Oklahoma
Norse Expand Their Empire Westward